过去完成时讲解

1、past perfect tense 过去完成时过去完成时1.They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.一般过去时一般过去时表示在过去时间里发生的动作或表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态。存在的状态。强调过去某一特定的时间。强调过去某一特定的时间。2.I have learned 1000 English words so far.现在完成时现在完成时表示的动作发生在表示的动作发生在 过去，但侧过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关。有关。其结构为：其结构为：“助动词助动词 have（has

2、）+过去分过去分词词”They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.1.They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.2.I have learned 1000 English words so far.I had learned 1000 English words till then.构成：助动词构成：助动词had + 过去分词（过去分词（V.pp)用法用法：1. 过去完成时动词表示过去某一时间过去完成时动词表示过去某一时间或某一动作或某一动作之前之前完成的动作或状态。完成的动作或状态。在强调过

3、去某一动作发生在另一动作在强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时。之前时。在强调过去某一个动作发生在另一个动作前常常用过去在强调过去某一个动作发生在另一个动作前常常用过去完成时态。完成时态。1.他说他以前见过你。他说他以前见过你。He said that he _ (see) you before.had seen2. 到六点钟为止他们已经工作八小时了。到六点钟为止他们已经工作八小时了。By six oclock they _(work) for eight hours.had worked过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，前已经发

4、生或完成了的动作，即即“过去的过去（过去的过去（ past-in-the-past ）”。-|- |-|- 那时以前那时以前 那时那时 现在现在 2. 过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻过去完成时可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态，这一之前发生的动作或呈现的状态，这一动作一直持续动作一直持续 到过去某一时刻。到过去某一时刻。By six oclock they _ (work)for eight hours. When I came to GZ , he _(be) there for a long time.用法：用法：1. 到了六点钟为止，他们已经工作了八小时了。到了六点钟为止，他

5、们已经工作了八小时了。2. 我到广州时，他在那里很长时间了。我到广州时，他在那里很长时间了。had workedhad been3.到上个月中旬我们在北京住了有五年时间了。到上个月中旬我们在北京住了有五年时间了。By the middle of last month we _(live) in Beijing for five years.had lived1. 到昨晚上，他已写完那封信。到昨晚上，他已写完那封信。By yesterday evening he _ (write) that letter.2. 他说他说Lin Tao已经走了。已经走了。He said that Lin Tao

6、_(leave)3. 当我进来时，他已做完了作业。当我进来时，他已做完了作业。When I came in he _(finish) his homework.过去完成时与过去完成时与 by then(截止到那时截止到那时); by 9 oclock(直到直到九点钟九点钟) by the end of (在在结束结束/末之前末之前); by the time(在在时之前时之前); up till then (直到那时直到那时); up until last night(直到昨晚）等连用，表示过去的过直到昨晚）等连用，表示过去的过去。去。had writtenhad lefthad finish

7、ed3. 过去完成时和过去完成时和 already, just, ever, yet 等连用表示过去的过去等连用表示过去的过去。用法用法：例如：例如：1. 他告诉我说他们队已经赢了。他告诉我说他们队已经赢了。He told me that his team _ already _ (win).hadwon2. 她说她仍没去过长城。她说她仍没去过长城。She said that she _(not go to) the Great Wall yet.hadnt been to用法用法：过去完成时与过去完成时与when, before, as soon as, till/ until 等引导时间状

8、语的从句连用等引导时间状语的从句连用，强调动作发生的时间前后。，强调动作发生的时间前后。例如：例如：1. 她到家之前她的孩子已经睡着了。她到家之前她的孩子已经睡着了。When she got home ,her children _(sleep).had slept2. 在他们到达之前电影已经开始了。在他们到达之前电影已经开始了。Before they arrived here, the film _ already _ (start).hadstartedLast night, as soon as I _(finish) my work, I went to sleep.3. 我完成作业了

9、就去睡觉了。我完成作业了就去睡觉了。had finished构成：构成：主语主语+助动词助动词 had + 过去分词（过去分词（ v-ed） 1.They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. 2.By nine oclock yesterday evening he hadnt got home.3.-Had you known anything about our school before you came here?-Yes, I had. / No, I hadnt.4.What had your si

10、ster been before she became an actress?二、过去完成时的判断依据二、过去完成时的判断依据 1.由由“过去的过去过去的过去”来判定。来判定。 过去完成时表示过去完成时表示“过去的过去过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：。这种用法常出现在： 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在

11、的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前前的，要用的，要用过去完成过去完成时时，动作在，动作在后后的要用的要用一般过去时一般过去时。如：。如： When I got to the station, the train had already left. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. （ 1 ）状语从句中）状语从句中（ 2 ）宾语从句中）宾语从句中当宾语从句的当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在。在told, said, k

12、new, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。等动词后的宾语从句。如：如： She said that she had seen the film before. They explained what had happened.2. 由时间状语来判定由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：去完成时连用的时间状语有： （ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如：过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night.

13、（ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如：过去的时间点。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如：过去的时间点。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 3. 根据上、下文来判定。根据上、下文来判定。 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since

14、he went to Beijing.He felt rather tired because he had worked for the whole night.Work out the rule:If we want to talk about two past actions in a sentence, the past perfect tense is used for the (earlier, later) action.earlier1.Millie ran back to school because she had left her magazine in the clas

15、sroom.What happened first?a.Millie ran back to school.b.Millie left her magazine in the classroom.2.Simon left school late because the football game had started late.What happened first? a.Simon left school late. b.The football game started late.3.Daniel arrived out of breath - he had gone to the wr

16、ong cinema.What happened first? a. Daniel arrived out of breath. b. Daniel went to the wrong cinema.4.Amy had lost her purse and had to go to the police station.What happened first? a. Amy lost her purse. b. Amy went to the police station.过去完成时典型错误例析：过去完成时典型错误例析： 1.昨晚我们看了电影。昨晚我们看了电影。 a. We had seen

17、the film yesterday evening. b. We saw the film yesterday evening.过去完成时所表示的时间是过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去过去的过去”，只有在只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它。如果时间只。如果时间只是一个单纯的过去时间，则句子只能用一般过去时，是一个单纯的过去时间，则句子只能用一般过去时，而不用过去完成时。而不用过去完成时。2当我到达那儿时，电影已经放了五分钟了。当我到达那儿时，电影已经放了五分钟了。 a. The film has been on for five minutes w

18、hen I got there. b. The film had been on for five minutes when I got there.在过去某一时间或动作之前在过去某一时间或动作之前发生或完成了的发生或完成了的动作，要用过去完成时。动作，要用过去完成时。它的动作的起点为它的动作的起点为过去，终点也为过去过去，终点也为过去，即，即“过去的过去过去的过去”。而现在完成时的动作起点为过去，终点则为而现在完成时的动作起点为过去，终点则为现在。现在。3.到上学期末，他们已学会了五首英语歌曲。到上学期末，他们已学会了五首英语歌曲。 a. By the end of last term, t

19、hey have learned five English songs. b. By the end of last term, they had learned five English songs.by the end of last term 意为意为“到上学期末为到上学期末为止止”，显然它是，显然它是“以过去某一时间为终点的以过去某一时间为终点的”，故只能用过去完成时态，不用现在完成时态。故只能用过去完成时态，不用现在完成时态。4.他昨天见到了他昨天见到了ill，他们已有两年没见面了。，他们已有两年没见面了。 a. He saw Bill yesterday. They havent

20、met each other for two years. b. He saw Bill yesterday. They hadnt met each other for two years.“他们没见面他们没见面”是到是到“昨天昨天”为止的（而不是为止的（而不是到现在为止），是过去的过去，故后一个句到现在为止），是过去的过去，故后一个句子需使用过去完成时态进行表达。子需使用过去完成时态进行表达。李梅很高兴，因为她期中考试及格了。李梅很高兴，因为她期中考试及格了。a. Li Mei was very glad, because she passed the mid-term exam. b.

21、Li Mei was very glad, because she had passed the mid-term exam.当我们表示某动作或存在的状态发生于过去某动当我们表示某动作或存在的状态发生于过去某动作之前时，那么这个动作或状态要用过去完成时作之前时，那么这个动作或状态要用过去完成时态。句中态。句中pass the mid-term exam 的动作是发的动作是发生在过去动作生在过去动作was very glad 之前的，故之前的，故pass 需用需用had passed表示。表示。6.他走进屋他走进屋,打开灯打开灯,然后开始写起来。然后开始写起来。 a. He had come i

22、nto the room, turned on the light and began to write. b. He came into the room, turned on the light and began to write.当按顺序陈述过去连续发生的动作时，我们常当按顺序陈述过去连续发生的动作时，我们常常使用一般过去时态。注意：常使用一般过去时态。注意：以上几个动作为以上几个动作为短暂性动作，动作之间几乎没有时间间断。短暂性动作，动作之间几乎没有时间间断。用所给动词的正确形式填空用所给动词的正确形式填空(10/1)1.The poor girl never saw her gra

23、ndpa because he _ (pass away) before she was born.2. She_ already_ (clean) the blackboard before I entered the classroom.had passed awaycleanedhad句型转换句型转换 (10/1)1.He had stood up before he cleaned the window. _ he had stood up, he cleaned the window.2.His father went to Beijing. He arrived home. (用用

24、before合并句子合并句子) His father_ _ _ Beijing before he _ home.Afterhad gone toarrived按要求改写下列句子按要求改写下列句子(5/1)Simon had finished his homework before he watched TV. 否定句：否定句：疑问句：疑问句：肯定回答：肯定回答：否定回答：否定回答：Simon hadnt finished his homework before he watched TV. Had Simon finished his homework before he watched TV?Yes, he had.No, he hadnt.选择