牛津高中英语模块四unit1 -Grammar and usage

1、Grammar and UsageDirect speech and reported speech直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语 直接引用别人的话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句；直接引语前后加引号，间接引语不必加。 直接引语：She said, “My brothers name is Tom.”He asked me, “Where do you live?” 间接引语：She said that her brothers name was Tom.He asked me where I lived.直接引语和间接引语的转换直接引语和间

2、接引语的转换 在直接引语向间接引语转换的过程中，不在直接引语向间接引语转换的过程中，不仅要进行句式上的转换，而且常常要在仅要进行句式上的转换，而且常常要在时时间、地点、人称间、地点、人称等方面做相应的转换。等方面做相应的转换。1 1、如何变人称：、如何变人称： 口诀：一随主口诀：一随主, ,二随宾，第三人称不更新二随宾，第三人称不更新1. Shesaid.Mybrotherwantstogo shoppingwithme.”1. Shesaid.Mybrotherwantstogo shoppingwithme.”Shesaid _ brother wantedtogo shoppingwit

3、h _Shesaid _ brother wantedtogo shoppingwith _2. She said to me , “ You play basketball better than me.”2. She said to me , “ You play basketball better than me.” She told me that _ played basketball better than _. She told me that _ played basketball better than _.3. He said, “She will come to have

4、 a long holiday with us.”3. He said, “She will come to have a long holiday with us.”He saidthat _would come to have a long holiday He saidthat _would come to have a long holiday with _.with _.herherherher Iherhersheshethemthem2. 若主句谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变成间接引语时要调整时态。如下表：直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语现在时现

5、在时过去时过去时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时不变不变将来时将来时过去将来时过去将来时将来进行时将来进行时过去将来进行过去将来进行时时将来完成时将来完成时过去将来完成过去将来完成时时1. 1.He said, “He said, “ImIm a policeman.” a policeman.”He said that He said that he washe was a policeman. a policeman.2. He said, “2. He said, “ImIm playin

6、g football now.” playing football now.”He said that He said that he washe was playing football then. playing football then.3. He said, “3. He said, “I haveI have done my homework.” done my homework.”He said that He said that he hadhe had done his homework. done his homework.4. He said, “4. He said,

7、“I sawI saw a film yesterday.” a film yesterday.”He said that He said that he had seenhe had seen a film the day before. a film the day before.5. He said, “5. He said, “I had learnedI had learned 3,000 English words by 3,000 English words by the end of last term.the end of last term.He said that He

8、said that he had learnedhe had learned 3,000 English 3,000 English words by the end of the term before.words by the end of the term before. 注意：以下几种情况时态注意：以下几种情况时态 不变不变直接引语是客观真理。直接引语是客观真理。 TheteacherTheteacher saidsaid Theearthmovesaroundthesun.”Theearthmovesaroundthesun.”Theteachersaidthattheearthmo

9、vesaroundTheteachersaidthattheearthmovesaround thesunearth. thesunearth.直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语， 变为间接引语时，时态不变。变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：如： Jacksaid.IwasbornonApril2l,1980.Jacksaid.IwasbornonApril2l,1980.直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。 Jacksaid.“I was doing cooking when Tom came to see me

10、”Jacksaid.“I was doing cooking when Tom came to see me”Jacksaid he was doing coking when Tom came to see him.Jacksaid he was doing coking when Tom came to see him.Jack saidhewasbornonApril21,1980.Jack saidhewasbornonApril21,1980.3. 指示代词、时间状语和动词也要做调整。如下表：直接引语直接引语间接引语间接引语指示代词thisthesethatthose时间状语nowt

11、odaytonightthenthat daythat nightthis weeklast weekyesterdayfive days agotomorrownext weekthat weekthe week beforethe day beforefive days beforethe next daythe next week地点状语herethere动词comegoEx: Page 9(1) was (1) was (2) would be (2) would be (3) had read (3) had read(4)that (4)that (5)would (5)would

12、 (6) had bought (6) had bought(7) that (7) that (8) would (8) would (9) those (9) those(10) her(10) her4. 若直接引语为一般疑问句，改为间接引语时要用陈述句语序，而且要加连词if或whether。如： She asked her mother, “Can I go shopping with She asked her mother, “Can I go shopping with you?”you?”She asked her mother if/whether she could go

13、She asked her mother if/whether she could go shopping with her.shopping with her. He asked me, “Will you have a test on Thursday?”He asked me, “Will you have a test on Thursday?”He asked me if/whether I would have a test on He asked me if/whether I would have a test on Thursday.Thursday.5. 若直接引语为特殊疑

14、问句，间接引语就要使用特殊疑问词，而且要用陈述句语序。如： “How much money do you spend on books?” How much money do you spend on books?” he asked me.he asked me.He asked me how much money I spent on He asked me how much money I spent on books.books. “What is your uncle?” he asked me.“What is your uncle?” he asked me.He asked m

15、e what my uncle was.He asked me what my uncle was.6. 当直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语要改为当直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语要改为tell (ask, order, advise,encourage,warn) sb. (not) to do sth. 的句型的句型。直接引语如果是以直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用通常用“suggest +动名词（或从句）动名词（或从句）”1. The police man said to the children, “Dont play 1. The

16、 police man said to the children, “Dont play football in the street.”football in the street.”The policeman told the children not to play The policeman told the children not to play football in the street.football in the street.2. My mother said to me, “Please come and help 2. My mother said to me, “

17、Please come and help me.”me.”My mother asked me to go and help her.My mother asked me to go and help her.3. Hesaid,Letsgotothemovies.3. Hesaid,Letsgotothemovies. Hesuggestedgoingtothemovies./ Hesuggestedgoingtothemovies./ Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethemovies.Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethem

18、ovies.Key to Exercise A2. asked how it could help him remember English words. 3. Asked whether/if it taught listening and speaking.4. asked what the designer would do if she was not satisfied with the software.5. asked whether/if it was easy to use. Key to Exercise B2. The expert encourages us to us

19、e interesting and attractive photos.3. The expert recommends that we (should) use eye-catching logos.4. The expert suggests that we (should) make the slogans short and easy to remember.5. The expert tells us to make good use of colors to attract peoples attention.把下列句子改为间接引语把下列句子改为间接引语1. “I dont thi

20、nk I will be able to finish it in time,” Mike said.2. “Its the most interesting film Ive ever seen,” he told his friend.Mike said that he didnt think he would be able to finish it in time.He told his friend that it was the most interesting film he had ever seen.3. The doctor said, “The man has hurt his leg rather badly.”4. My mother said, “Have your bad tooth been pulled out?”5. “How will you go to the park?” Brown said to his younger brother.The doctor said that the man had hurt his leg rather badly.My mother aske