数学常用词汇中英对照

1、数学常用词汇中英文对照代数部分1、有关基本运算add,plus加subtract减difference差multiply,times乘product积divide除divisible可被整除的divide by被整除dividend被除数divisor因子,除数quotient商remainder余数factorial阶乘power乘方radical sign,root sign根号round to四舍五入tothenearest四舍五入2.有关集合union并集proper subset真子集solution set解集3.有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraic term代数项like

2、terms,similar terms同类项numerical coefficient数字系数literal coefficient字母系数inequality不等式triangle inequality三角不等式range值域original equation原方程equivalent equation同解方程等价方程linear equation线性方程4.有关分数和小数proper fraction真分数improper fraction假分数mixed number带分数vulgar fraction,common fraction普通分数simple fraction简分数compl

3、ex fraction繁分数numerator分子denominator分母(leastcommon denominator(最小公分母quarter四分之一decimal fraction纯小数infinite decimal无穷小数recurring decimal循环小数tenths' digit十分位5.基本数学概念arithmetic mean算术平均值weighted average加权平均值geometric mean几何平均数exponent指数,幂base乘幂的底数,底边cube立方数,立方体square root平方根cube root立方根common logar

4、ithm常用对数digit数字constant常数variable变量inversefunction反函数complementary function余函数linear一次的,线性的factorization因式分解absolute value绝对值,round off四舍五入6.有关数论natural number自然数positive number正数negative number负数odd integer,odd number奇数even integer,even number偶数integer,whole number整数positive whole number正整数negative

5、 whole number负整数consecutive number连续整数real number,rational number实数,有理数irrational(number无理数inverse倒数composite number合数prime number质数reciprocal倒数common divisor公约数multiple倍数(leastcommon multiple(最小公倍数(primefactor(质因子common factor公因子ordinary scale,decimal scale十进制nonnegative非负的tens十位units个位mode众数median

6、中数common ratio公比7.数列arithmetic progression(sequence等差数列geometric progression(sequence等比数列8.其它approximate近似(anticlockwise(逆顺时针方向cardinal基数ordinal序数direct proportion正比distinct不同的estimation估计,近似parentheses括号proportion比例permutation排列combination组合table表格trigonometric function三角函数unit单位,位几何部分1.所有的角alterna

7、te angle内错角corresponding angle同位角vertical angle对顶角central angle圆心角interior angle内角exterior angle外角supplementary angles补角complementary angle余角adjacent angle邻角acute angle锐角obtuse angle钝角right angle直角round angle周角straight angle平角included angle夹角2.所有的三角形equilateral triangle等边三角形scalene triangle不等边三角形iso

8、sceles triangle等腰三角形right triangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribed triangle内接三角形3.有关收敛的平面图形,除三角形外semicircle半圆concentric circles同心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形polygon多边形parallelogram平行四边形equilateral等边形plane平面square正方形,平方rectangle长方形regular polygon正多边形rhombus

9、菱形trapezoid梯形4.其它平面图形arc弧line,straight line直线line segment线段parallel lines平行线segment of a circle弧形5.有关立体图形cube立方体,立方数rectangular solid长方体regular solid/regular polyhedron正多面体circular cylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的6.有关图形上的附属物altitude高depth深度side边长circumference,perimeter周长radian弧度surface area 表面积volu

10、me体积arm直角三角形的股cross section横截面center of a circle圆心chord弦radius半径angle bisector角平分线diagonal对角线diameter直径edge棱face of a solid立体的面hypotenuse斜边included side夹边leg三角形的直角边median of a triangle三角形的中线base底边,底数opposite直角三角形中的对边midpoint中点endpoint端点vertex(复数形式vertices顶点tangent切线的transversal截线intercept截距7.有关坐标coo

11、rdinate system坐标系rectangular coordinate直角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标number line数轴quadrant象限slope斜率complex plane复平面8. 其它plane geometry平面几何trigonometry三角学bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe内切intersect相交perpendicular垂直pythagorean theorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多边的1、单位类cent美分penny一美分硬币nickel5美分硬币di

12、me一角硬币dozen打(12个score廿(20个Centigrade摄氏Fahrenheit华氏quart夸脱gallon加仑(1gallon=4quartyard码meter米micron微米inch英寸foot英尺minute分(角度的度量单位,60分=1度 square measure平方单位制cubic meter立方米pint品脱(干量或液量的单位2.有关文字叙述题,主要是有关商业intercalary year(leap year闰年(366天 common year平年(365天 depreciation折旧down payment直接付款discount打折margin利润

13、profit利润interest利息simple interest单利compounded interest复利dividend红利decrease to减少到decrease by减少了increase to增加到increase by增加了denote表示list price标价markup涨价per capita每人ratio比率retail price零售价tie打平集合与简易逻辑集合(集set 非负整数集the set of all non-negative integers 自然数集the set of all natural numbers正整数集the set of all p

14、ositive integers整数集the set of all integers有理数集the set of all rational numbers实数集the set of all real numbers元素element属于belong to不属于not belong to有限集finite set无限集infinite set空集empty set包含inclusion, include包含于lie in子集subset真子集proper subset补集(余集complementary set全集universe交集intersection并集union偶数集the set o

15、f all even numbers奇数集the set of all odd numbers含绝对值的不等式inequality with absolute value一元二次不等式one-variable quadratic inequality逻辑logic逻辑联结词logic connective或or且and非not真true假false真值表truth table原命题original proposition逆命题converse proposition否命题negative proposition逆否命题converse-negative proposition充分条件suffi

16、cient condition必要条件necessary condition充要条件sufficient and necessary condition 的充要条件是 if and only if 函数函数function自变量argument定义域domain值域range区间interval闭区间closed interval开区间open interval函数的图象graph of function映射mapping象image原象inverse image单调monotone增函数increasing function减函数decreasing function单调区间monotone

17、 interval反函数inverse function指数exponent根式radical根指数radical exponent被开方数radicand指数函数exponential function对数logarithm常用对数common logarithm自然对数natural logarithm对数函数logarithmic function数列数列sequence of number项term通项公式the formula of general term有穷数列finite sequence of number无穷数列infinite sequence of number递推公式

18、recurrence formula等差数列arithmetic progression ,arithmetic series 公差common difference等差中项arithmetic mean等比数列 geometric series/progression公比common ratio等比中项geometric mean三角函数三角函数trigonometric function始边initial side终边terminal side正角positive angle负角negative angle零角zero angle象限角quadrant angle弧度radian弧度制ra

19、dian measure角度制degree measure正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant诱导公式induction formula正弦曲线sine curve余弦曲线cosine curve最大值maximum最小值minimum周期period最小正周期minimal positive period周期函数periodic function振幅amplitude of vibration频率frequency相位phase初相initial phase 反正弦arc sine反余弦arc cosine反正切arc ta

20、ngent平面向量有向线段directed line segment数量scalar quantity向量vector零向量zero vector相等向量equal vector共线向量collinear vectors平行向量parallel vectors向量的数乘multiplication of vector by scalar 单位向量unit vector基底base基向量base vectors平移translation数量积inner product正弦定理sine theorem余弦定理cosine theorem不等式算术平均数arithmetic mean几何平均数geo

21、metric mean比较法method of compare综合法method of synthesis分析法method of analysis直线倾斜角angle of inclination斜率gradient点斜式point slope form截距intercept斜截式 gradient intercept form两点式two-point form一般式general form夹角included angle线性规划linear programming约束条件constraint condition目标函数 objective function可行域feasible regio

22、n最优解optimal solution圆锥曲线曲线curve坐标法method of coordinate解析几何analytic geometry笛卡儿Descartes标准方程standard equation一般方程general equation参数方程parameter equation参数parameter圆锥曲线point conic椭圆ellipse焦点focus, focal points代数部分1、有关基本运算add,plus加subtract减difference差multiply, times乘product积divide除divisible可被整除的divided

23、evenly被整除dividend被除数divisor因子,除数quotient商remainder余数factorial阶乘power乘方radical sign, root sign根号round to四舍五入to the nearest四舍五入2.有关集合union并集proper subset真子集solution set解集3.有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraic term代数项like terms, similar terms同类项numerical coefficient数字系数literal coefficient字母系数inequality不等式triangle ine

24、quality三角不等式range值域original equation原方程equivalent equation同解方程等价方程linear equation线性方程(e.g.5?x?+6=22 4.有关分数和小数proper fraction真分数improper fraction假分数mixed number带分数vulgar fraction,common fraction普通分数simple fraction简分数complex fraction繁分数numerator分子denominator分母(leastcommon denominator(最小公分母quarter四分之一d

25、ecimal fraction纯小数infinite decimal无穷小数recurring decimal循环小数tenths unit十分位5.基本数学概arithmetic mean算术平均值weighted average加权平均值geometric mean几何平均数exponent指数,幂base乘幂的底数,底边cube立方数,立方体square root平方根cube root立方根common logarithm常用对数digit数字constant常数variable变量inverse function反函数complementary function余函数linear一次

26、的,线性的factorization因式分解absolute value绝对值,e.g.|-32|=32round off四舍五入6.有关数论natural number自然数positive number正数negative number负数odd integer, odd number奇数even integer, even number偶数integer, whole number整数positive whole number正整数negative whole number负整数consecutive number连续整数real number, rational number实数,有理

27、数irrational(number无理数inverse倒数composite number合数e.g.4,6,8,9,10,12,14,15prime number质数e.g.2,3,5,7,11,13,15reciprocal倒数common divisor公约数multiple倍数(leastcommon multiple(最小公倍数(primefactor(质因子common factor公因子ordinary scale, decimal scale十进制nonnegative非负的tens十位units个位mode众数median中数common ratio公比7.数列arithm

28、etic progression(sequence等差数列geometric progression(sequence等比数列8.其它approximate近似(anticlockwise(逆顺时针方向cardinal基数ordinal序数direct proportion正比distinct不同的estimation估计,近似parentheses括号proportion比例permutation排列combination组合table表格trigonometric function三角函数unit单位,位几何部分 1.所有的角 alternate angle内错角 correspondin

29、g angle同位角 vertical angle对顶角 central angle圆心角 interior angle内角 exterior angle外角 supplement angles补角 complement angle余角 adjacent angle邻角 acute angle锐角 obtuse angle钝角 right angle直角 round angle周角 straight angle平角 included angle夹角 2.所有的三角形 equilateral triangle等边三角形 scalene triangle不等边三角形 isosceles trian

30、gle等腰三角形 right triangle直角三角形 oblique斜三角形 inscribed triangle内接三角形 3.有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外 semicircle半圆 concentric circles同心圆 quadrilateral四边形 pentagon五边形 hexagon六边形 heptagon七边形 octagon八边形 nonagon九边形 decagon十边形 polygon多边形 parallelogram平行四边形 equilateral等边形 plane平面 square正方形，平方 rectangle长方形 regular polygon正多边形 rhombus菱形 trapezoid梯形 4.其它平面图形 arc弧 line, straight line直线 line segment线段 para