食品专业英语词汇

1、食品专业英语常用词汇海南大学食品学院编2007.09.26化学名词中常用的数目词头1/2hemi,semi19nonadeca1mono,uni20eicosa2di,bi,bis21heneicosa3tri,ter22docosa4tetra,quadri23tricosa5penta,quinqui,quinque24tetracosa6hexa,sexi25pentacosa7hepta,septi26hexocosa8octa27heptacosa9ennea,nona28octacosa10deca29nonacosa11undeca,hendeca30triaconta12dod

2、eca31hentriaconta13trideca40tetraconta14tetradeca50pentaconta15pentadeca60hexacoonta16hexadeca70heptaconta17heptadeca80octaconta18octadeca90enneaconta1、词头mono-一deca-十uni-一undeca-广bi-一dodeca-十二di-一trideca-十三tri-三tetradeca-十四tertio-三pentadeca-+5tertrial-三hexadeca-什tetra-四Heptadeca-十七quart-四Octadeca-十八

3、penta-五Nonadeca-十九hexa-六Arachidic-二十hepta-七Methyl-甲基octa-八Ethyl-乙基nona-九Propyl-内基Butyl-基oligo-寡，少数的Amyl-戊基ortho-正-,邻-,(o-)Hexyl-己基meta-偏-,同-,(m-)Heptyl-炭基para-傍-,对-,副-Octyl-士生normal正-Nonyl-壬基trans反-Decyl-癸基cis顺-Cyclo-环benzyl卜生Iso-异benzoyl苯甲酰（基）Hemi-半acetyl乙酰基Semi-半propionyl丙酰基Hemo-血butyryl丁酰基Homo-同t

4、hionyl亚硫酰基Holo-完全thio-硫-Heter(o)-杂，异，其它sulfonyl-磺酰Ov-卵fluoro-氟代alkane烷烧chloro-氯代paraffin石蜡iodo-碘代olefin石蜡bromo-澳代alkene烯煌hydroxyl(l)-羟基alkyne焕烧carboxy(l)-竣基alcohol醇carbony(l)-琰基ketone酮alkylaldehyde醛alkoxyl烷氧基phenol酚amido酰胺基ether醒amino氨基acid酸imino业氨基ester酯sulfhydryl就基amine胺guanidino月瓜基amide酰胺imidazol

5、e咪吵基acylhalide酰卤methylol羟甲基halide卤代物methylene业甲基quinone醍primary伯-,一级hyper-过于，超，极度secondary仲-,二级super-过于，超，极度tertiary叔-,三级hypo-次，亚，在之下quaternary季-,四级per-高2、词尾-ane-烷-al-醛-ene-烯-aldehyde-醛-yne-快-one-酮-enol-烯醇-amine-胺-ol-醇-amide-酰胺-imine-亚胺-onic-酮酸，-糖酸-ate-盐-酯-ose-醛糖-ester-酯-ulose-酮糖-ether-醒-an-聚糖-ide-I

6、ff,-化-yl-基-ite-亚盐-genin-配基-itol-糖醇-oside-糖口-ase-酶3有机酸与核甘酸Formicacid甲酸13-docosenoic二十二碳-13-烯酸Acetica.乙酸Citric柠檬酸Propionica.丙酸Lactic乳酸Butyrica.丁酸Acetic乙酸，醋酸Caproica.己酸Malic苹果酸Heptoica.庚酸Tartaric酒后酸Caprylica.辛酸Oxalic草酸Caprica.癸酸Amber琥珀酸Laurica.月桂酸Fumaric富马酸Myristica.肉豆蔻酸Succinic琥珀酸Palmitica.棕桐酸（软脂酸）Tan

7、nic丹宁酸Palmitoleica.棕桐油酸Tannin单宁Stearica.硬脂酸Benzoic苯甲酸Oleica.油酸Sorbic山梨酸Linoleica.亚油酸Adenosine(A)腺昔Linolenica.亚麻酸Guanosine(G)鸟昔eicosanoic花生酸，二十烷酸Cyridine(C)胞昔Arachidonic花生四烯酸Uridine(U)Wbutannoic丁酸Thymine(Thy)胸腺喀咤hexanoic己酸Cytosine(Cyt)胞喀咤heptylate,heptanoate庚酸Uracil(Ura)尿喀咤octanoic,octoic辛酸Nucleicaci

8、d核酸decanoic癸酸Nucleotide核甘酸dodecanoic十二酸Ribonucleicacid核糖核酸tetradecanoic十四酸Deoxyribonucleic脱氧核糖核酸hexadecanoic十六酸Nucleoside核甘9-hexadecenoic十六-9-烯酸Ribose核糖octadecanoic十八酸Purine喋吟9-octadecenoic十八-9-烯酸Adenine(Ade)腺喋吟9,12,15-octadecatrienoic十八碳三烯酸Guanine(Gua)鸟喋吟Arachidic5,8,11,14-eicostetraenoic二十酸二十碳四烯酸P

9、yrimidine喀咤4糖类与脂类furanose味喃糖heteroglycan杂聚糖pyranose口比喃糖glycan聚糖arabinose阿拉伯糖glycosan聚糖xylose木糖glucan葡聚糖ribose核糖fructosan果聚糖glucose葡萄糖xylan木聚糖fructose果糖mannany露聚糖galactose半乳糖hexosan己聚糖mannose甘露糖glycoside糖甘，配糖物sorbose山梨糖glucosyl葡萄糖（基）fucose岩藻糖glycerol甘油galacturonicacid半乳糖醛酸glycerine甘油glucuronicacid糖醛酸

10、glycoritol甘油酸盐oligosaccharide寡糖glycerate甘油糖醇oligose寡糖sorbitol山梨糖醇polysaccharide多糖glucitol葡萄糖醇polyose多糖xylitol木糖醇mucopolysaccharide粘多糖mannitol甘露糖醇sucrose蔗糖syrup糖浆maltose麦芽糖goldensyrup糖蜜，佐餐糖浆isomaltose异麦芽糖molasses（废）糖蜜dextrin糊精caramel焦糖，酱色cyclodextrin环状糊精molassesmass废糖蜜浆amylose直链淀粉caramelize焦糖化amylope

11、ctin支链淀粉saturatedfattyacid饱和脂肪酸glycogen糖原glyceride甘油酯cellulose纤维素glycerinester甘油酯hemicellulose半纤维素triglyceride甘油三酸酯pecticsubstances果胶质tristearin三硬脂酸甘油酯protopectin原果胶glycerin单硬脂酸甘油酯levulose左旋糖triolein三油酸甘油酯dextrose右旋糖phosphatide磷脂monosaccharide单糖phospholipid磷脂monose单糖glycerophospholipid甘油磷脂monosaccha

12、rose单糖lecithin卵磷脂disaccharide双糖cephalin脑磷脂disaccharose双糖glycolipid糖酯triose三碳糖choline胆碱tetrose四碳糖inositol肌醇aldose醛糖ethanolamine乙醇胺Ketose酮糖sterol固醇homoglycan同（均）聚糖cholesterol胆固醇steroid类固醇化合物5、分析reagent试齐standardcurve标准曲线sequesteringagent螯合剂standardization标定chelatingagent螯合剂fluorometry荧光分析法qualitativea

13、nalysis定性分析fluorescence荧光quantitativeanalysis里分析spectrometry光谱测定法methylred甲基红massspectrometry质谱法methylorange甲基橙volumetricflask容量瓶neutralred中性红beaker烧杯sensuousidentification感观鉴定flask烧瓶opticalanalysis光学分析conicalflask三角瓶accuracy准确度graduatedcylinderprecision精密度funnel漏斗deviationBitdesiccator干燥器error误差des

14、iccant干燥剂visible-ultraviolet可见-紫外dryingoven烘箱absorbance吸光度defecate用石灰澄清spectralcurve光谱曲线defect缺陷，疵病titrimetry滴定分析6、无机盐sodiumcarbonate碳酸钠chloride氯化物sodiumbicarbonate碳酸氢钠chlorine(Cl)氯sodiumbisulphate硫酸氢钠bromide澳化物Sodiumbisulphate亚硫酸氢钠bromine(Br)澳phosphite亚磷酸盐iodide碘化物phosphate磷酸盐iodine(I)碘disodiumphos

15、phate磷酸氢二钠carbide碳化物phosphide磷化物silicate硅酸盐Mono-sodiumphosphate磷酸氢钠iodate碘酸盐nitrate硝酸盐Chloride漂白粉Nitrite亚硝酸盐bleachingpowder漂白粉Sulphur(S)硫hightesthypochlorite漂白精Sulphuricacid硫酸Hypochlorite次氯酸盐Sulphate(sulfate)硫酸盐Perchlorate高氯酸盐Sulphurousacid亚硫酸Chlorate正氯酸盐Sulphite(sulfite)亚硫酸盐Hydroxide氢氧根离子Sulphide(s

16、ulfide)硫化物Chlorinity氯含量oxide氧化物Cyanide氧化物fluoride氟化物Cyanicacid氟酸fluorine氟8常见食品分类名词mangocashewpomegranateguavaPassionfruitmandarin(e)腰果石榴番石榴西番莲蜜橘，橘orangeLitchi,lycheelonganplumjujubehawthorn梅枝眼，楂橙荔阳色枣山7食品化学emulsifier乳化器，乳化剂resorption回吸emulsion乳浊液moisture湿度，水分Glycerinmonostearate单硬脂酸甘油酯centrifugate离心S

17、oybeanphospholipid大豆磷脂clarify澄清，净化spicery香料，佐料clarification澄清，净化seasoning佐料，调味料homogenize均质，均化seasoner佐料，调味料homogenate匀浆Seasoningmatter佐料，调味料emulsify乳化Sweetorangeoil甜橙油Deshell脱壳Mandarinoil橘子油Decorticate脱皮Lemonoil柠檬油Degum脱胶Spearmintoil薄荷油Defatting脱脂vanillin香兰素Dehull脱壳maltol麦芽酚Degrease脱脂ethylmaltol乙基少

18、勿MnHygroscopicity吸湿性Activecarbon活性碳Diffusion扩散性diatomaceous硅藻土Viscosity粘性，粘度kaolin高岭土，白陶土Volatility挥发性antifoamer消泡剂PlasticityRJ塑性antiadhesive抗粘着剂permeability渗透性Anti-cakingagent抗结块剂Impermeability不渗透性，气密性Benzylacetate乙酸节酯Osmoticpressure渗透压antimold防霉剂Depolymerize解聚Isoamylacetate乙酸异戊酯Hydrolysis水解作用Antis

19、epticagent消毒齐IJPyrolysis热解，高温分解Sweetener甜味剂Browning褐变Antitoxic解毒剂Rancidity酸败Thickener增稠剂PalatabilityPJ口性Synergist增效剂Lubrication润滑Sodiumalginate海藻酸钠Solubility溶解度/性Stabilizer稳定剂Solvability溶解能力carboxymethylcellulose竣甲基纤维素Dipolar偶极adsorptionisotherm吸附等温线Dielectricconstant介电常数desorption解吸Equilibriumconst

20、ant平衡常数9微生物学名Aspergillus曲霉属Corynebacterium棒杆菌属A.flavus黄曲霉Escherichiacoli大肠埃希氏菌A.foetidus臭曲霉Hansenula汉逊酵母属A.niger黑曲霉Lactobacillus乳杆菌属A.oryzae米曲霉Mucor毛霉属A.usamii宇佐美曲霉Rhizopus根霉属Absidia梨头霉属Rhodotorula红酵母属Acetobacter醋酸杆菌属Saccharomyces酿酒酵母属Agaricus蘑菇属Salmonella沙门氏菌属Bacillus芽抱杆菌属streptococcus乳酸链球菌属Bacillu

21、ssubtilis枯草芽抱杆菌Trichoderma木霉属Brevibacterium短杆菌属Trichodermaviride眼色木霉Candida假丝酵母属Willianus威尔酵母菌Clostridium梭状芽抱杆菌属papaya木瓜sugarcaneBetelnut,areca槟榔Chinesemustard芥菜cinnamon肉桂clove丁香menthol薄荷onion洋葱ginger姜scallion葱chive细香葱leek韭菜garlic林头garlicsprouts蒜苗mustard芥末spice香料essence香精sesame芝麻soysauce酱油beef牛肉pork

22、猪肉mutton羊肉fleshofrabbit/hare兔肉fishflesh鱼肉seaweed海藻laver紫菜beancurd豆腐sausage香肠margarine人逅更油yogurt酸奶yolk蛋黄Sauerkraut泡菜pickledcabbage脸Chinesecabbage大白菜spinach菠菜eggplant加于bittermelon苦瓜bittergourd苦瓜cucumber黄瓜cucumberinsoy酱黄瓜waxgourd冬瓜whitegourd冬瓜cantaloup香瓜，甜瓜pumpkin南瓜dishclothgourd丝瓜pea豌豆，青豆soybean,soyap

23、eanutcarrotChineseradishlotusrootCassava,manioc豆大卜M,生萝卜薯黄花胡萝藕木双杆菌菌落芽抱，抱子荚膜噬菌体科菌丝抱子感染，传染浸制，泡制工业发酵进料浸提腐败的，不洁消泡脱脂作用退化退化，降解净化，精制干燥糊精同化作用异化作用硝化作用反硝化作用固氮作用巴氏效应可发酵性同型发酵异型发酵自溶现象裂殖芽殖休眠延滞期衰亡期稳定期指数生长期受体对数生长期腐败性，腐蚀性脱涩克隆突变突变体诱变诱变剂变异基因型原氧型营养缺陷型营养琼脂营养肉烫豆芽汁培养基琼脂肉膏牛肉膏麦芽汁酵母膏琼脂斜面污染物（杂菌）无菌操作培养纯化灭菌高压灭菌间歇分段）灭菌过滤除菌钝化，灭活灼烧

24、灭菌巴氏消毒法糖食，糖果糖果，蜜饯胶体，胶态胶体磨凝固，冻凝目真菌子实体外生抱子10食品微生物及发酵diplobacilluscolonysporecapsulebacteriophagefamilyhyphasporeInfectInfuseCommercialfermentationFeedingDiffuseCorruptDefoamDe-esterificationDegenerationDegradeDepurateDesiccateDextrineAssimilationdissimilationnitrificationdenitrificationNitrogenfixatio

25、nPasteurfixationfermentabilityHomofermentationheterofermentationAutolysisSchizogenesisBuddingDormancyLagphageDeclinephaseStationaryphaseExponentialgrowthRecipientLogphageCorrosivedeastringentCloneMutationMutantMutagenesisMutagenVariationGenotypePrototrophAuxotrophnutrientagarnutrientbrothbeansprouts

26、mediumagarmeatextractbeefextractmaltwortyeastextractagarslantcontaminantinoculuminoculationinoculateculturetransferringaseptictechniquecultivationpurificationsterilizationautoclavetyndallizationfiltrationsterilizationinactivateincinerationpasteurizationconfectioncandycolloidcolloidmillcongealorderfu

27、ngifruitingexosporeparasexuality准性生殖rod杆菌actinomycetes放线菌Decolorize脱色anaerobe厌气菌Defecated澄清的obligateanaerobe专性厌氧菌Degermingsaprophyticbacteria腐生菌Denature变性Gram-positive革兰氏阳性Deterioration变质，退化endospore内生抱子Petriplate怖皿eubacteria真细菌Mash醪液aerobe需氧菌Spoilage酸败，腐败facultativeanaerobe兼性厌氧菌primaryfermentation前

28、发酵coccus球菌solidstatefermentation固态发酵microaerobe微需氧菌liquidstatefermentation液态发酵diplococcus双杆菌secondaryfermentation后发酵tetrads四联球菌shallowtrayfermentation浅盘发酵sarcina八叠球菌mainfermentation主发酵coccubacillus球杆菌submergedfermentation深层发酵flagellum鞭毛batchfermentation分批发酵pilus菌毛continuousfermentation连续发酵sporicidal

29、杀死芽抱的openfermentation敞口发酵gasvacuole气泡topfermentation上面发酵protoplast原生质体bottomfermentation卜面发酵mycophage真菌噬菌体fermenter发酵罐trypsin胰蛋白酶seedingtank种子罐trypticenzyme姨蛋白酶brewing酿造gelatinase明胶蛋白酶aging陈酿papain木瓜蛋白酶acidification酸化作用inoculatingneedle接种针antifoamagent消泡剂loop接种环acetification醋化作用incubator培养箱saccharif

30、ication糖化作用activatedsludge活性污泥saccharine糖精immobilizedcell固定化细胞sacchariferousagents糖化剂flat-sourspoilage平罐酸败rawstarter曲infectiousmicrobe杂菌koji日本酒曲commercialstrain生产用菌株brankoji款曲compoundbarm混合酵母liquidkoji液体曲distillation烝储medium1口加金conversioncoefficient转化率Donor供体Gram-negativebacteria革兰氏阴性菌11食品包装sealing封

31、口solidfibreboard硬纸板箱adhension粘合corrugatedbox瓦楞纸箱labeling加标，贴标carton盒barcode条形码three-piececan三片罐jar坛，广口瓶rigidpackage刚性包装bag,pouch,sachet,sack袋transparentpackage透明包装retort杀菌，杀菌锅See-throughpackage透明包装aluminiumfoilbag铝袋Outerpackage外包装crown王冠盖Exteriorpackage外包装tamperproofcap防盗盖Innerpackage内包装pilferproofc

32、ap扭断螺纹盖，防盗盖Interiorpackage内包装plug塞子domesticpackage内销包装piston活塞exportpackage出口包装package包装returnablepackage回收包装contents内装物one-waypackage小回收包装flexiblepackage软包装12食品工2与设备centrifuge离心机colloidmill胶体磨separator分离机sterilizer杀菌器retort杀菌器processinginwater常压杀菌pasteurizer消毒器commercialsterilization商业灭菌gauge表，计，量规

33、ultrahightemperature超高温杀菌（UHTS）milkgauge牛乳比重计baumehydrometer波美比重计retortpouch蒸煮袋roasting焙炒vertical立式cure腌制，熏干horizontal卧式brine盐水，卤水plate板式rinsed漂洗rotary回转式chilling冷却scrapped刮板式pickled腌制scrappedevaporator刮板式蒸发器dip浸，浸double-pipe套管式distilledvinegar白醋blanching,scald热烫distiller'sgrain酒精lyepeeling碱液去皮d

34、osage剂量，补料juicescrew-extractor螺旋榨汁机educt抽出物，浸提物spraydrying喷雾干燥emulsify乳化grind研磨，破碎homogenize均质subdivide粉碎homogenate均浆mill糖厂，粉碎机13食品酶与蛋白质lipase脂肪酶endocellularenzyme胞内酶lipoxidase脂肪氧化酶nuclease核酸酶lipoxygenase脂肪氧合酶ribonuclease核糖核酸酶decarboxylase脱竣酶tannase单宁酶exoenzyme胞外酶cellobiase纤维二糖酶exocellularenzyme胞外酶t

35、rypsin胰蛋白酶endoenzyme胞内酶pepsin胃蛋白酶bromelin波罗蛋日酶renase凝乳酶lipolyticenzyme脂肪分解酶pancreatin胰酶dehydratase脱水酶chymotrypsin胰凝乳蛋白酶dehydrase脱水酶chymotrypsinogen胰凝乳蛋白酶原cellulose纤维素酶catalase过氧化氢酶cellulosicenzyme纤维素酶oxidase氧化酶lactase乳糖酶oxygenase加氧酶peroxidase过氧化物酶kinase激酶superoxidedismutase超氧化物歧化酶pancreaticamylase胰淀粉酶dehydrogenase脱氢酶liquefyingamylase液化淀粉酶hydroxy