高考英语定语从句完全攻略

1、.高考英语定语从句完全攻略定语从句是中学英语语法中的重点内容，也是高考中常考查的一个考点。一、什么是定语从句？在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。在定语从句中，被修饰的这一名词或代词叫做先行词。在定语从句中的引导词叫做关系词。关系词又分关系代词和关系副词。二、关系词有哪些？1、关系代词：which（指sth.），that（指sb.或sth.），who（指sb.作主语或宾语），whom（指sb.作宾语），whose（指sb.或sth.，作定语）2、关系副词：when（指时间），where（指地点），why（指原因）三、关系代词和关系副词有何区别？主要是它们在从句中所起的作用不同。关

2、系代词在从句中一般作主语或宾语。而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。分清楚这一关系并在做题时想着这个原则，就不会出原则性的错误了。 四、定语从句解题步骤1、找对先行词。2、确定先行词在定语从句中的位置，也就是在定语从句中担任何成份。这一点可以帮助我们划分使用关系代词还是关系副词。eg：This is the place that/which I visited years ago.This is the place where I lived years ago.分析：这两句的先行词都是the place，由于第一句中的先行词在定语从句中作visit的宾语，所以选择关系代词，如果作宾语时关系代词可省

3、略。而第二句的先行词则在定语从句中作状语，因为live是不及物动词，因此选择关系副词where。3、区别各关系代词的使用。在定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词都代替先行词在从句中充当一定的成分，如果该从句中缺少主语、表语、宾语或定语，就要用关系代词来连接从句；如果从句中缺少状语，就得用关系副词来连接从句。例如：（1）I still remember the days which / that we spent together . （2）I still remember the days when we worked together . 五、关系代词中的which和that如何区分？ 在先行词为

4、物情况下，一般情况两者可通用，但也有不可互换的情况。以下几种情况只用that:1. 先行词all, few, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词。(Is there anything that you want to buy ? )2. 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few等不定代词修饰。例如：These are all the pictures that I have seen . This is the very dictionary that

5、is of great help . 3. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。This is the best English film that I have ever seen . The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities .4. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。 That white flower is the only one that I really like. This is the very book that I want to ha

6、ve. The last place that we visited was the chemical works.5. 有两个或两个以上的分别表示人和物的先行词(先行词既指人又指物时)，从句应用that,而不是其他。 He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited. My father and his teacher talked a lot about the things and the persons that they could remember .6. 当主句是以who, which 开头的特殊疑问句时，定

7、语从句多用that，而不用who(whom)，which. Who is the person that is standing at the gate? Which is the machine that we used last Sunday ? 7. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。例如：Our school is not the one that it used to be .以上通常是使用于物，人一般不受限制，但如果正式和严谨可以遵循这一原则。六、各关系副词when：I did remember the day when I come to No. 4 High School.wher

8、e：This is the house where I lived years ago.why：Could you please tell me the reasons why you came late to school this morning.七、几点说明1、在先行词为人的情况下，遇到who和 that都有的情况，如何处理？答：如果句中已有who的情况下为避免重复，用that。eg：Who is the girl that is speaking to my teacher?2、在先行词为人且在定语从句中作宾语，用who还是whom？答：一般情况两者可通用，但遇到介词提前时只能用who

9、m。eg：He is my English teacher from whom I learned a lot.八. 特别注意“介词关系代词”结构中介词的选用 介词的选择与主句中先行词的搭配密切相关。例如：That”s the reason for which he was late for school . This is the book on which I spent 8 yuan . 注意： 1. 定语从句中谓语动词是含有介词的动词短语时，介词应放在动词之后，不能拆开放在关系代词前。例如：This is the key which you are looking for . This

10、 is the baby whom you will look after. 2. 该结构中，关系代词指人时用whom，指物时用which . 九. 弄清as 和which 引导的非限制性定语从句指代整体时的区别 1. 位置上的区别：as 引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活，可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，还可插在主句的中间；而which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：As is known to us all , the earth turns around the sun . The earth , as is known to us all , turns aroun

11、d the sun . The earth turns around the sun , as is known to us all . The earth turns around the sun , which our parents once told us when we were very young . 2. 词义与联系上的区别：as 引导的非限制性定语从句与主句之间有着较为密切的上下文联系，as 本身含有“正如”之意；而which 引导的非限制性定语从句与主句之间在逻辑意义上近似并列句，which 本身表示“这”或“这一点”之意。例如：Light travels faster t

12、han sound , as we all know . Jack came late for school , which made his teacher angry . 十. 注意定语从句的主谓一致性 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语必须与先行词保持人称和数的一致。例如：Tom is one of the boys who are from the USA. Tom is the only one of the the boys who is from the USA. 十一. 保持主句的完整性并避免从句成分的重叠 1. 在定语从句中，不管出现任何情况，主句的结构必须完整，即主句

13、必须有主语和谓语，缺一不可，否则，整个主从复合句就无法成立。试比较： （1）Is this factory _ we visited last week ? （2）Is this the factory _ we visited last week ? A. which B. where C. what D. the one 分析：第一题缺少表语，只有填D项才能保持主句的完整性，而其他的选项均为干扰项。第二题主句本身完整，应填的关系代词在从句中作visited 的宾语，故应选A项。 2. 从定语从句中，关系代词或关系副词已经代替先行词独立地或与相应的介词一起在定语从句中充当了一定的成分，因此在

14、定语从句中就不能再出现与关系代（副）词重叠的成分。例如：错句：Is this the train that they took it last Sunday ? 分析：该题中that 已经代替先行词the train 在定语从句中充当及物动词took 的宾语，故重叠出现的宾语it必须删去。总之，只要突破了以上六道难关，定语从句中的难题便会迎刃而解定语从句专项练习题及详解50题1. The place _interested me most was the Children's Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which2.Do you kn

15、ow the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3.This is the hotel _last month.A. which they stayed B. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D. where they stayed4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D. on which5.That

16、is the day _I'll never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6.The factory _we'll visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _we are working.A. where B. that C. which D. there8.This is one

17、of the best films _.A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has been shown this year D. that you talked9.Can you lend me the book _the other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about that you talked D. that you talked10.The pen _he is writing is mine.A. with which

18、 B. in which C. on which D. by which11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country?A. who B.

19、who's C. which D. whose14.I'm interested in _you have said.A. all that B. all what C. that D. which15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. as16.He isn't such a man _he used to be.A. who B. whom C. that D. as17.He is good at English, _we all kno

20、w.A. that B. as C. whom D. what18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him19.I don't like _ as you read.A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they rem

21、embered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women.A. them B. which C. whom D. who23.You're the only person _I've ever met _could do i

22、t.A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who24.I lost a book, _I can't remember now.A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what26.I have bought such a wa

23、tch _ was advertised on TV.A. that B. which C. as D. it27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong.A. which B. whose C. what D./29.This is the reason _he didn

24、't come to the meeting.A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked afterC. that I have looked after D. I have looked after31.The reason _he didn't come was _he was ill.A. why; t

25、hat B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who33.That is not the way _I do it.A./ B.which C.for which D.with which34.I have two grammars, _are of great use.A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D

26、. both of which35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago.A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them.A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph.A. that B.

27、 which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done.A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes.A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. - Did you a

28、sk the guard _ happened?- Yes, he told me all _ he knew.A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm withthe farmers, _ has a great effect on my life.A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which 43. The number of th

29、e people who _ cars _ increasing.A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 44. During the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns.A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A. that B. / C. which D. it 46. The clever boy made a hole

30、in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside house.A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that 47. Is _ some German friends visited last week?A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 48. John got beaten in the game, _ had been expec

31、ted.A. as B. that C. what D. who 49. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well.A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which 50. All that can be eaten _ eaten up.A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been 参考答案及解析1. A. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。2C. "和谁讲话”要说speak to s

32、b. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。3. D. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。4. C. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。5A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。6C. 解析同第5题。7. A. 解析见第3题。8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the on

33、e应该视为先行词。9. A. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。10. A. with which是"介词+关系代词"结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有"用"的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen.11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语.12. D. with wh

34、om引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer.13. D. whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.14. A. that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.15. D. the same.as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.16. D. such as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.17. B. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词

35、，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming.19. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成suchas或the sameas固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。 as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用

36、such a.,本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词.20. B. things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.21. D. who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语.22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.23. D. 先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.24. A

37、. whose title引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成the title of which25. A. for which 引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语 be famous for "以.而闻名".26. C. 当先行词被such修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as. As在本从句中作主语.27. A. 两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.28. D. 在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替“in (或其他介词)+which”、when或where，而that常可省略。29. D. for which在定语从句中作原因状语,可用why 来替代.30.