2018年中考英语特训复习第3编中考题型攻略篇4阅读理解试题

1、1四、阅读理解阅读理解题是典型的能力考查题，重点考察语言的运用能力和阅读能力，也侧重考查学生的语言技巧，即阅读速度、理解程度及对短文进行综合判断的能力。具体包括：1.句子的理解；2.段落、短文的概括；3.合乎逻辑的推理和判断。阅读材料常为幽默故事、成语典故、寓言、健康环保、广告图表、跨文化交际、人物轶事、 新闻报道及科普文章，也会涉及历史、地理方面的知识。考查方式以细节理解题为主，穿插推理判断题、词义猜 测题和主旨大意题。近几年，云南省中考英语阅读理解通常有两种题型，一是判断题，即根据短文内容判断所给句子的正误，通 常设一篇，词数在 200 左右，文章以记叙文、说明文为主；二是选择题，从ABC

2、D 四个选项中选择最佳答案，通常有 2 篇。词数在 200-250 之间，文章以记叙文、说明文为主，应用文也偶有涉及。变卑/判断型话题篇数20172016201520142013故事类（记 叙文）1 三把斧头 的寓言故 事介绍类（说 明文）4“爱” 的手 势语中国的 唐卡 艺术中国的 剪纸房屋失 火（如何 逃牛）方法点拨首先，要把握每个待定句子的含义。其次，要通读短文，把握文章大意，明确作者的观点和态度。最后，通过寻读法在原文中找出于每个问题相关的段落与词句，与这些段落、词句意思相符或与作者观点相 同的，可判断为正确的，否则，就是错误的。应试技巧细节理解题题目有些选项是对原文表达的同义或近义替

3、换；有些选项是对文段细节、概念的理解或引申；有 些则是根据文段的描述进行推断。做此类题目，关键要细心。此外，还需知道命题人喜欢从哪些方面或哪些词语 来设置错误选项。它是针对文章中的细节而设计的，如文章中某一个特定的细节，也可能涉及若干个细节，或者 针对文章的主要事实，或利用图表、图形来表示信息等。要求学生根据对短文的理解，直接选择正确答案，一般 在通读短文后可直接找出答案依据，难度较小，属浅层理解题。推理判断题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，抓住关键词、短语、句子或段落，透彻理解 文章内容，注意文章结构层次和逻辑关系，推断出作者没有提到或没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题

4、旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意思去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属深层理解题。需要考生运用文段 所叙述或描绘的事件背景提供的信息进行推理判断。主旨大意题一定要注意文章的首尾两段。如果首尾两段的主旨表达是一致的，那么文章的主旨便是两段重复 表明的语句内容表达。找出选项中与归纳的主旨表达重复最多的选项即为最佳答案。如果首尾两段的主旨表达不 一致，则需要观察文章的段落篇幅量是倾向于首段或是尾段，从而确定主旨段落。在此过程中，根据篇幅量，只 需跳读文章段落的首句尾句即可，无需细读段落内容，以节省时间。如果文章只有一段，则注意文章的前两句及 尾句，然后用以上的方法确定主旨句。典例剖析（2017 青岛

5、中考改编）根据短文内容，判断句子正（T）误（F）。2Our skin is like a bag that we live in.lnside the bag our bodies are mostly water.Our water islike the water in the sea .It is very salty.Also, like the ocea n , we can lose our water.The wi nd andthe sun could take it away.Our bag of skin keeps our bodys ocea n from drying

6、 up.Our skin keeps out sunshine.Too much sunshine can hurtus.Skinalso keeps out dirt.Thatsimporta nt because some kinds of dirt can make us sick.Our skin feels things.lt feels warm things,cold things , things it touches , and things that hurt it.A campfire feels warm.A snowball thrown in our face fe

7、els cold and hurtsus.A hug is the touch of ano ther pers ons skin on our own.Our hairis a specialkind ofcovering.lt helps us keepthings out of our eyes , ears andnose.Hair isalsogood forkeepingus warm.When we get goosebumps （鸡皮疙瘩）,our body hairsstand up.Then the hairs hold air close to our skin like

8、 a thick blanket （毯子）.Hair keeps animalswarm, too.Some animals have more hair than others， so they have a better blanket for cold weather.Our n ails （ 指甲）are ano ther special skin which are very hard.They help keep our fin gers fromgetting hurt.Our nails arent as strong as the nails that animals hav

9、e.But they are good for pick ing up coins.（）1.Our skin is like a bag full of salt.（）2.Our skin keeps out dirt and sun shi ne.（）3.Our skin helps us feel things， touch or hurt others.（）4.Our hair helps protect our eyes， ears and nose.（）5. Our n ails are weaker tha n the n ails that ani mals have but c

10、an keep our fin gers safe.【解析】本文介绍我们的皮肤就像一个袋子把我们包裹在里面，阻止水分蒸发流失，保护我们避免日晒。1 . F 纟田节理解题。根据Our skin is like a bag that we live in.lnside the bag our bodies aremostly water.可知皮肤像一个包裹我们的口袋，口袋里我们的躯干大部分是水。故判断F.2.T 细节理解题。根据第一段Our bag of skinkeeps our bodys ocean from drying up. 和第二段 Ourskin keeps out sunshin

11、e. 故判断为 T。3.F 细节理解题。根据 Our skinfeelsthings.ltfeels warm things , cold things , thingsittouches , and things that hurt it.可知皮肤能感知疼痛但是不能伤害他人，故判断F。4.T 细节理解题。根据It helps us keep things out of our eyes,ears and nose. 可知毛发可以阻止东西进入我们的眼睛，耳朵和鼻子，故判断To5.T 纟田节理解题。根据 They help keep our fingers from getting hurt.O

12、ur nails arent asstrongas the nails that animals have.故判断 T。真题汇编话题 1：网购的利弊A（2017 云南中考）Shopping used to mean going to shops , but nowadays, you can shop without even leavingyour3house.Just sit in front of your computer, click（ 点击）your mouse and your things will be sent to your house inseveral days.Yo

13、u can also use your mobile phone to buy things you want.4November 11 is a big day for many people who like shopping online.On that day， many stores offer a big sale.The biggestChinese online shopping sites andT.Goods(商品)online are often much cheaper.Shopping online also saves you a lot of time.And y

14、ouoften have more kinds of goods online than in shopping centers.Another big advantage of online shopping is that it helps you getthings easily from different cities，even different countries.While enjoying online shopping，many people also have worries ，especially for middle schoolstudent buyers.They

15、 often buy things that they dont need. “ Middle school students should pay moreattention to their study.Searching for things to buy online wastes their time.” said teachers.根据短文内容，判断句子正(T)误(F)。( T ) 1.Nowadays， shopping becomes easier than before.(T )2.Many people like shopping online on November11.

16、(F )3.Shopping online cant save time and money.( T )4.Teachers think middle school students should pay more attention to their study.( F )5. This article is about disadvantages of shopping online.话题 2: 爱的手势语B( 2017 昆明中考 )Are you still doing the“ V ” for victory sign? Its out.The latest popular hand

17、gesture(手势) is putting both your hands together to make a heart shape.It is called a“hand heart ”Many young pop stars in the USA do this in their photos.“The hand heart gesture meansdid it to help out three children whose parents dies from a car accident.In some Asian countries ，the “hand heart ” is

18、 popular ，too ，but in a different way.People there put their hands abovetheir heads and make a bigger heart shape with their arms.It means “Ilove you ”根据短文内容，判断句子正(T)误(F)。( T ) 1.Its out to do the “V” for victory sign.(F )2.The “hand heart ” gesture means “I dont love you”(F )3.No one can express on

19、es love without saying a word.( T )4.In this passage ，some superstars did the “hand heart ” to help out three children.( T )5. “Hand heart ” is popular not only in the USA but also in some Asian countries.话题 3 ：现代科技 ( 电子书 ) 与纸质书C( 2017 曲靖中考 )Smart phones and e- books have become more popular in rece

20、nt years.Some people worry that paper books will begone.But recent surveys have shown that traditional books are still popular among readers.something betweenI love you andthankyou ，the country singer. “ Youcan send a sweet and simple message without saying a word.Swift often does it at herconcerts.

21、And some people think she makes this gesture popular.Justin Bieber and his superstar friends did thehand heartand put the photos online.They5Research has found that in the UK，sales of e -books are falling while sales of paper booksare rising.More surprisingly ， its young people who are buying paper

22、books.Another survey of，Japan and Germany also showed that 92 percent of them preferred paper books.So what is behind the paper book comeback(回归)?The most popular reason given was :“ I like to hold the product.” Its true that paper booksbring a very different reading experiences.Some students said t

23、hat they like the smell of paper books.Other stude nts believedthat they get a sense of achieveme nt whe n they finish read ing a paper book.Besides , they enjoy seeing it on the bookshelf.Paper books can also be very pers onal objects to lovers of readi ng.Ma ny people like to sig ntheir n ames on

24、the books.Research has also show n that readers remember more in formatio n from paper books tha n e- books .Itseems that paper books still have an attraction( 吸弓丨力).So why not pick up a book and start readi ng?(F ) 1.92 percent of university students from the UK preferred paper books.(F ) 2. Its tr

25、ue that e-books bring a very different reading experiences.(T ) 3. Finishing reading a paper book brings some students a sense of achievement.(F ) 4. Readers remember less information from paper books than e-books.( T ) 5. According to the passage , paper books are still popular among readers.类樂2选择题

26、题型分析话题篇数（2013 年2017 年）故事类 记叙文共 5 篇，包括：坚强的意志一一大山里求生；电影小王子；与父母亲的交流和分享；亲情；应对学生肥胖介绍类 说明文共 5 篇，包括：现代交通（中国高铁）；美国博物馆；英国的出租车；水城威尼斯；信息表 格。分析近几年的云南中考选择性阅读理解可知，文体多为说明文和记叙文，也会少量涉及应用文、话题主要包含故事类、介绍类和健康环保，少量涉及广告图表及跨文化交际。故事类主要涉及情感故事、哲理故事、家庭教育故事等；介绍类主要涉及旅游景点的介绍。词数为 160-300 之间。考查方式以细节理解题为主，涉及1-2 道推理判断题和主旨大意题，偶尔涉及词义猜测

27、题、标题归纳题、数字计算题。文章涉及1-5 个生单词，有汉语注释。应试技巧1. 通读全文，掌握全貌首先，迅速浏览原文材料，抓住文章主旨。在速读的过程中，尽可能多地捕获信息材料。其次，细读题材， 各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找有关 信息。要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性。主题句往往出现在篇首、句尾或文章每段的第 一、二句。对于捕获到的信息，要认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，针对题目要求，做到稳、准。2. 瞻前顾后，反复推敲阅读时，要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。对于暗含 在

28、文章中的人物的行为动机，事件中的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判 断、推理、分析，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质 性的东西，排除干扰项。3审视语境，求同存异university students from the United States6有些短文，如英美风俗人情类，理解时要从西方语言文化背景入手，切忌主观臆断。根据不同的文体，注意短文的侧重点。如记叙文，就要弄清楚五大要素，即五个W (when, where, who, what，why)以及记叙的高潮所在。如幽默故事，就要弄懂故事中的幽默所在。说明文则要弄

29、清楚说明的对象，以及说明的中心、细节及其出 现的数字，能准确体察表格所说明的重点。4 复核全文，调整答案完成所有题目后，把短文再次通读一遍进行核查，注意以下三点：(1)上下文的一致性，即时态语态的一致以及代词、名词、单复数的一致；(2)从语法和惯用语及习惯搭配、甚至从语感入手，判断是否符合上下文的逻辑。(3)段与段、句与句之间的衔接是否连贯。典例剖析(2017 枣庄中考)阅读下列短文，从所给的四个选项A、B C D 中，选出最佳选项。Last year , I went to BeijingQizhi SpecialEducationSchool for community service(社

30、区服务) Before we took the bus , my friend asked me a question, “ Why are you here ?” I did not knowhow to an swer the questi on.The school was not far from my school, but it looked like it was in a different world.A groupof childrenwere waiting for us.A boy walked towardme.He held my hands and pulledm

31、e to thegroundkissed the earth and tasted n ature.I couldnot understand what he was doing at first, then I was very angry.Though I was veryangry , I con trolled my an ger.A teacher stopped this awkward(尴尬的)sile nee whe n she shouted at the boy.“ What are you doingright here , right now ?” she said.“

32、You will never see your mom again if you keep doing this.Now ,say sorry !”“ Sorry , ” he cried fearfully and nervously.I said nothing, but I realized somethingabout this child.After lunch I asked the teacher for in formati on about the childs pare nts.She said that the child was very different from

33、other students because of an illness.His familycould not afford to treat him.He n eeded the kindn ess of his family, but they had abandoned him.Sohe depended on the support from the teachers and community service workers like us.I sudde nly realized I could an swer the questi on my friend asked me a

34、t the beg inning of the day.Community service workers help others and make every one feel better.There are so many people inthe world that need help.Playing with Ionelychildren may not make a big difference.But it canlight a corner in the childre ns hearts, maki ng them know they are loved by people

35、.()1. How did the writer reach Beijing Qizhi Special Education School?A.By train. B . By car. C By bus. C By taxi.()2. Why did the writer get angry?A.Because a boy held the writers han ds.B.Because the writer did not like to taste nature.C.Because a boy pushed the writer to the ground.7D . Because a

36、 boy was impolite to the writer.()3. The boy acted differently from others because_A.he was sickB. his pare nts did nt like himC. he was nervous and fearfulD. he always lived with teachers()4. The underlined word“abandoned most probably means “_ .A. hurt B. leftC. soldD. forgotten()5. From the passa

37、ge we can learn that the writer_A. helped so many people in the worldB. played with the Ionely boy after lunchC. learned the meaning of community serviceD. was nt good at an sweri ng the questi ons about com mun ity service.【解析】这篇短文介绍了作者通过参加社区服务理解了社区服务的意义：和孤独的孩子玩耍也许不会产生作用，但这种行为能去为孩子点亮心灵，使他们知道他们也有人爱。

38、1.C细节理解题。根据Before we took thebus ， my friend asked me a question可知是乘公共汽车，故选 Co2.D推理判断题。根据小男孩的行为He held my hands and pulled me to theground.l kissed theearth and tasted nature.可推断作者生气的原因是因为小男孩的不礼貌，故选Do3.A 细节理解题。根据 She said that the child was very different from other students because of an illness. 故

39、选 A4.B推理判断题。根据上文He needed the kindness of his family，及后文的转折，可知父母抛弃了他，故选 B。5.C 细节理解题。根据第一段 Why are you here ? I did not know how to answer the question.及倒数第二段 I sudde nly realized I could an swer the questi on my friend asked me at the begi nning ofthe day.和最后一段，可知作者理解了社区服务的意义，故选G真题汇编话题 1:学习英语A(2017

40、绍兴中考)Lear n En glish in New Zeala ndLearn English in New Zealand at Language Schools New Zealand (LSNZ) .Our Christchurch and Queenstown schools inthe South Island of NZ are the perfect places to learn English.What is your dream?Do you dream of speak ing En glish very well?8Do you dream of travel ,

41、making friends, a lifestyle using English?LSNZ will help you to achieve your dream.Lan guage Schools New Zeala nd Christchurch and Quee nstow n are in the fasci nati ng South Isla nd ofNew Zealand.BothEnglishschools are fullyrecognized(认证)by NZQA and are in beautiful NZplaces.LSNZ offers many kinds

42、of English courses including General English, Exam Preparation , Study& Ski and more.Our friendly hard- working staff have helped many students from all over the worldachieve their dream of using English in their lives.We invite you too to become a memberof theLSNZ family.LSNZ En glish Courses.Enrol

43、l（ 注册 ） now for a LSNZ English course we promise your English will improve and offer 2 NZschools with excellent teachers and small class sizes.General EnglishIELTSStudy & SkiCombo CourseCambridge ， Toeic & Pitmans Exam preparation courses are also offered at both schools.（ B ） 1. According to the te

44、xt， Christchurch and Queenstown school_ A lie in the North IslandB are members of LSNZC own the perfect places to visitD teach only local students（ A ） 2. The text tells us that LSNZ_ A provides over four coursesB practices large - class teachingC designs lots of examsD has many teachers from abroad

45、（ C ） 3. Those who want to_will most probably be interested in this text.A look for jobs at LSNZB build language schoolsC improve their EnglishD learn about New Zealand话题 2: Fredette 的志愿者工作B（ 2017 绍兴中考 ）Sydney Fredette has a lot of things to deal with.Not only is she a high school student， but sheha

46、s also set up her own organization， Beary Merry Christmas.She volunteers（自愿 ） to serve poor kidsand families in Orange Country in California， US.To remember her best friend who died of cancer nearly 10 years ago， Fredette decided to servethose in Orange Country who are less lucky than she is.9She be

47、gan with the simple idea of collecting donated（ 捐赠 的 ） Build-A-Bears ， the popular toy animal that is made bychildren themselves in the stores workshops.Fredette then gave them as gifts to the homeless children in California during theholiday season.With donations at more than 100 bears a year ， Fre

48、dette and volunteers host activities every year ， where volunteers notonly give out the bears ， but also clothing ， meals ，and other things.Not wanting to limit（ 限 制 ）the giving to just the holiday months ，Fredette now hosts other activities for Valentines Day ，Mothers Day and Halloween ， providing

49、the chance for her volunteer team to make a difference through the year.“I love making relationships with the people I serve，” Fredette said. “The thanks they have ，hearing their stories and seeing how happy they are， its so cool.”Future plans for Fredette include building a public food bank and pro

50、viding a self-development classfor students in her school who will soon attend college.Heading to college herself in the fall, Fredette is looking to stay local and continue to helpout in her hometown.ln fact , she was regarded as a “ Dreamer & Doer ” not long ago for her work in improving her commu

51、nity, along with 32 other high school students.( B )1. Fredette started her own organization to_A. keep her life busyB. help poor peopleC. look after the sickD. thank her best friend( D ) 2. What can we learn about Beary Merry Christmas?A. It holds one activity a year.B. It offers service around Ame

52、rica.C. It buys bears from the stores.D. It gives out other things besides bears.(C) 3. Itcanbe inferred(推 断)thatFredette_ .A. likes telling people storiesB. dreams of being a teacherC. is pleased with what she doesD. plans to leave California for college( A ) 4. What can be the best title for the p

53、assage?A. Giving back to societyB. Getting on well with othersC. Providing a food bankD. Improving community colleges话题 3:对外图书馆q2017 绍兴中考)More Chinese universities are opening their libraries to the public, allowing people to enjoyreading during normal time and the vacations.10But for some students,

54、 including Wang Ling, 21 , in Sun Yat- sen University, this practice hascaused headaches . “ Members of the public come to our libraries more forsightseeing than reading , ”said Wang.“ They sometimes even bring their kids along , and take photos as if it were a place of in terest.”Wang has found it

55、hard to get a seat duri ng busy times.Be ing short of space is a com mon problem for uni versity librariesin China.However, this is not the only reason why students dislike their libraries being open to membersof the public.They fear that the quiet ness of the libraries will be in flue need because

56、of visitors rude behavior.Chen Jie , 18, a student in Tongji University, is one who would be against opening to the public.I have bee n to a public library before.People were chatti ng loudly or speak ing on cell phone soyou can hardly read , ” Chen said.She notices teachers doing serious readingand

57、 feels their11concentration( 专注 ) has influenced her.“If too many strangers stay here， the whole library will bea noisy place and its difficult for us to study quietly，” she said.Will there be alternative( 可替代的 ) ways to share those libraries? Some experts consider that university libraries canpreve

58、nt the public from entering certain areas.“ We might keep magazinesfor academic research only for teachers and students，” said Zhu Lina ， library director in JinanUniversity.Working together with the community library is another solution. “ Its possible that a member of the public can order a bookin

59、 our library over the Internet ，” Ge Jianxiong ， the library director in Fudan University said.“ Well sendit to a public libraries close to their home.”( D ) 1. We can see from the passage that Wang Ling_ A hates to study in the libraryB prefers sightseeing to readingC feels good to play with kidsD

60、is a university student aged 21( B ) 2. In Chen Jies opinion， visitors to university libraries may_A take up too much spaceB break the peace thereC make teachers relaxedD get students to read more( C ) 3. The writer mentions two libraries directors words to help explain how to _A manage libraries on