高一英语(下册)知识点归纳总结

1、学校:年级:班级:姓名:用心用情服务教育53基础课程教学资料渊副瓢彖人身体演' 万事如意、阂彖欢乐，祝福同学付财成长，HI®取得好成灵 为祖国奉献力*高一英语知识点总结（下册）教学知识点归纳总结,英语小窍门句型与句子结构(句型层次表)的一日 的一目 /万旧 / I a f 1f 1- / I a f 1f 1- l/W I I III as F >ff e f M> »» sa« * = C 您* f 一 * mt e 们” »» K * , A ava 4 XP /X xn1/ U IJ简单句 主谓 I am c

2、oming.主谓宾 I like cats.主 谓宾宾 I bought you a book. I bought a book for you.主 谓宾补 I seldom see him do morning exercises.主 谓 表 I am a teacher. He is very tall.并歹U句 主if + 主谓 (and, or, but, for) I phoned him but there was no answer.复合句 主语从句 名词性从句What he told me yesterday is true.宾语从句 I know that he is an

3、American.表语从句 This is how he broke the door.同位语从句 His suggestion that we set off now has been accepted.定语从句 This is the room where he was born.状语从句 Before he came here, he had learnt Chinese for years.重点词汇解析1. stomach n.肚子，胃，复数为 stomachs。肚子疼：stomachache 构成短语有: have a pain in the stomach胃(腹)疼lie on o

4、ne ' s stomach 俯卧have the stomach for 对有兴趣turn one ' s stomach 使恶心on an empty/a full stomach空着肚子 /吃饱2. bar n.(1)条状物；棒a bar of soap条月巴皂a bar of chocolate 条巧克力 a bar of gold根金条(2)酒吧 a coffee bar(3)固定短语：behind bars 在狱中3. diet n.正常饮食a balanced diet 均衡的饮食 a diet of potatoes 土豆食品(2)饮食限制go on a die

5、t=be on a diet节食，节食No sugar in my coffee; I ' m dieting.4. disease n. 疾病 a serious disease of the liver 严重的月干病diseased adj. 有病的 a diseased plant病态的植物辨析：illness, diseaseillness :很少指具体疾病，只表示抽象的疾病和生病的状态。disease:指可以染上和传染他人的疾病。e. g. Several children are away from school because of illness.几个孩子因生病没上学。

6、He has a rare heart disease. 他得了一种罕见的心脏病。5. probably 与 possibly 比较probably极有可能，有几分根据的猜测；比possibly所指的可能性大些。e. g. He is working hard and clever as well many people can help him. He willprobably win.他工作努力，人也聪明；很多人愿意帮助他。他极有可能取胜。possibly可能地。表示客观上潜在的可能性，可能性比probably 小，经常与情态动词can或may 连用。e. g. She may possi

7、bly be the greatest writer of her generation.她或许是她那一代人中最伟大的作家。6. promise v. &n.允诺；答应动词用法：后接名词或代词、不定式、that从句They promised an immediate reply.他们答应立刻回复。(2)He promised me to be here at six o'clock.=He promised me that he wouldbe here at six o ' clock.他答应我他将在六点在这里等我。(3)I promised you not to s

8、ay that.我答应你不说那件事。(4)It promises to be warm this afternoon.今天下午有望转暖。(5)He is a promising boy.他是一个有前途的男孩。名词用法：make a promise许下诺言keep a promise信守诺言break a promise 违背诺言7. brain n.give a promise许下诺言carry out a promise履行诺言(1)用作不可数名词，大脑The brain is the centre of higher nervous activity.大脑是高等神经活动的中枢。(2)用作可

9、数名词brains ,智力，头脑She has a good brain. =She has good brains.她彳艮聪明。8. advise, suggest 用法advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事advise doing sth.建议做某事。advise that (should) + 动词原形I advise you to leave now.我建议你现在就离开。I advise waiting till the proper time.我建议等到适当时机 (才行动)。We advise that steps (should) be taken at once

10、.我们建议立即采取措施。suggest 建议，其句型为suggest doing sth.建议做某事suggest one ' s doing sth. =suggest sb. doing建议某人去做某事suggest that -(should) +动词原形We suggested that the old museum(should)be rebuilt as soon as possible.我们建议那座旧博物馆应该尽早重修。9. diet与food 的区别：diet指的是习惯的食物或规定的食物，特指维持健康的定量或定质的食物。food指能吃喝的具有营养的东西。例如：The d

11、octor has ordered me a special diet.医生给我安排了特殊的饮食。I like a simple diet best.我最喜欢粗茶淡饭。We must have food to eat and clothes to wear.我们必须有食物吃，有衣服穿。The patient must not go without food, but he must have a diet without sugar.这个病人不可不吃东西，但要吃不含糖的饮食。,重点词组解析10. plenty of充分的，大量的，既可修可数名词又可修不可数名词，只用于陈述 句，在疑问句中一般用

12、 enough ,在否定句中用 many 或much。注意：plenty of 前面没有冠词 a,不可误记成a plenty of 。Make sure there is plenty of food for everyone.We have plenty of chairs here.in plenty 充足地There is food in plenty. =There is plenty of food.11. be careful用法归纳(1)be careful单独使用，当心Be careful ! The pan is hot! 当心！锅很热。(2)be careful about

13、 对谨慎I hope you ' ll be careful in future about the things you say.我希望你斗哥来对所说事谨慎。(3)be careful of 留神We have to be careful of what they are doing.我们得留神他们做的什么。(4)be careful with 注意You must be more careful with your work.你们需注意你们的工作。有时be careful 表示吝啬。He ' s too careful with his money; he never bu

14、ys a drink for anyone.他太吝啬了，他从不给别人买杯水。(5)be careful not to do sth.小心不要做We want to be careful not to break anything.我们要小心不要打破任何东西。(6)be careful+ 从句 加以小心Be careful what you do.小心你做的一切。12. keep up with 跟上(防止落后)keep up with the class跟上班级(不掉队)keep up with the development of society适应社会的发展keep up with the

15、 going on跟上时尚注意：catch up with (已经落后)赶上13. Be +adj +to短语be harmful to对有害be +adj. +to sb. /sth. 指对某人或某物有影响或态度如何。be good to 二be kind to 对态度好be friendly to 对友好be cruel to 对凶残be bad to 对态度不好be polite/impolite to 对有礼貌/无礼貌be rude to 对粗鲁14. cut短语总结：(1)cut into 把切成Vegetables should be cut into small pieces a

16、nd dropped into the boiling water.蔬菜应切成小碎块放进开水里。(2)cut up 切碎Mom is cutting up the meat to make dumplings.妈妈正剁肉准备包饺子。(3)cut down 砍倒；削减If you cut down the trees, you will ruin the land.如果你砍伐树木，就会毁坏土地。I have decided to cut down my smoking.我决定戒烟。(4)cut off 切断，停掉Our water supply has been cut off again.我们

17、的供水再次中断。6. Short 短语be short of 缺少I' m short of money this week, can you lend me some?这星期我缺钱，你能借我run short几乎用光We ' ve run short of oil. 我们已经用光油了。The supply of oil is running short.供应的油快要用光了。重点句型解析1. It was a bit green. 它还有岚生。1)句中的green意为“没有成熟的“，是 ripe的反义词。例如：We don 01 like to eat green fruit.

18、/ The apples are still too green to pick.2)a bit作程度副词，与 a little同义。例如：10m a bit/ a little tired. / Could you drive a bit/ a little slower?3)但是，not a bit = not at all, 而 not a little = very/ much.例如:10m not a bit tired.我一点不累 10m not a little tired. 我很累。2. While you are at school, or walking home, you

19、r body is burning up 100 calories an hour.你在学校上课或步行回家时，你体内每小时消耗100卡。1）burn up 意为“烧掉”、“烧毁”，在本句中意为“消耗掉”。例如：He burned up all the old letters.他把过去的全部信件都烧掉了。The house burned up before they got there.他们到达那儿之前，房子已烧毁了。2）up与一些动词构成短语时，有"完结"、"终结"的意思。如 eat up吃光，drink up 喝光， tear up 撕碎,use up

20、 用完，lock up 锁好。3. Eating habits become part of who we are.饮食习惯变成我们自身的一部分。who we are 为介词of的宾语从句。eating habits 为动名词短语作句子的主语。动名词或不定式（短语）作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。Seeing is believing. 眼见为实part of 的一部分Part of the building was destroyed in the fire.大楼的一部分被火烧毁了。a part of 指不足一半，意为“一小部分”。We spent a part of our holiday

21、in France.我们的一部分假期是在法国度过的。4. The Chinese eat less sugar than many other countries in the world.中国人吃的糖比世界上其它许多国家的人都少。1）the Chinese 指（全体）中国人。以一 ese结尾的表示国籍的词与定冠词连用 时，表示整个国家的人。例如：the Japanese（全体）日本人，the Vietnamese（ 全体）越南人。但指该国单个的人时，贝U是a Chinese, a Japanese, a Vietnamese.5. They eat a lot of sugar in the

22、 form of cakes, soft drinks,sweets and so on.他们吃蛋糕、软饮料、糖果等，其中含有大量的糖。1)in the form of 意为“以的形式“。例如：He made the suggestion in theform of a question.他以提问题的形式提出建议。He expressed his feelings in the form of letters.他用写信来表达自己的感情。He wrote a novel in the form of a diary. 他以日记的形式写了一本小说。6. In some parts of Brita

23、in, one person in ten, by the age of thirty, has no teethleft!在英国有些地方，十分之一的人年方三十，牙齿就都脱光了！1)one person in ten 是 “十个中有个”的意思， 也可说成 one person out often 。例如：One in every four children had bad teeth./ Nine in ten people agreed with us./2)by the age of 意"岁之前”"到岁时"， at the age of 意"在岁时S

24、he had learned to play the piano by the age of ten.十岁之前，他就学会弹钢琴。He died at the age of 90.他九十岁去世。7. Scores of people went there in the first few days after its opening.开张后的头几天，许多人到那家餐馆去吃饭。1)score 作"二十"解，和数字连用时，不可加 s,如a score of eggs(20个蛋)，fourscore and seven years ago(87 年前)。但scores of 则为固定

25、词组，意为"许多"。例如： A score or more attended the meeting.20多人出席会议。I have been there scores of times.我至 U刃 ML 去过多次了。2)first后面跟复数名词时，意为“头几个”、“头一批”。例如：For the first few weeks, they didn 01 talk to each other.头几个星期，他们彼此不曾讲过话。He was one of the first people to discover America.他是首批发现美洲的人之一。,语法精讲情态动词 h

26、ad better, should 及ought to 的用法(1)had better 最好加动词原形You ' d better get some sleep.你最好睡一会JL。I' d better not disturb him.我最好不打扰他了。后接be doing sth.表示最好立即做某事I think I ' d better be going.我想我最好立刻走。祈使句中had省略Better not wait for them.最好不等他们。反义疑问句用hadYou' d better put away your socks, hadn 

27、9; t you? 你最好把你袜子收拾好，难道不 行吗？You had better not follow her, had you ?你最好不要跟她，不是吗？(2)should 与 ought to 应该ought to 的口气比should 稍重一些，更侧重于某件事责任、义务上该做的事情。 should表示某件事宜于做。下列句子两个词不宜换用：You are his father. You ought to take care of him.你是他的父亲，就应该照顾他。We should not use too many big words in our everyday speech.我

28、们不应该说太多的大话在我们的日常讲话中。ought to的句式变化否定句：You ought not =（oughtn ' t） to write so carelessly.你不该写得这样粗心。疑问句：Ought we to give him a chance to try ?我们该给他机会试一试 ？与完成时连用should/ought to have done sth.本应该做（而实际没做）We ought to have finished our homework on time.我们本应该按时完成作业。shouldn ' t/oughtn ' t to have

29、 done sth. 本不应该做（而实际做了）They oughtn ' t to have come back so late.他们本不该回来这样晚。,同步练习1. Four of students took part in the sports meeting.A .hundredB .hurdredsC .scoreD .scores2. He made the suggestion the form of a question.A .withB .byC .onD .in3. Your English is very good.A .Thank you. I 0 m glad

30、you think so. B .No, my English is very poor.C .Is that true?D .Don 0 t you think so?4. Our home is always love and understanding.A .rich forB .rich in C .high withD .high by5. I hope you 0 ll forget all the unhappiness I have you.A .causedB .givenC .offeredD .handed6. Why don 0 t we go and play foo

31、tball? .A .Yes, I think soB.I can play footballC .It 0 s a good gameD .That 0 s a good idea7. What is the matter the tape recorder?A .aboutB .forC .fromD .with8. You better the thing to be done.A .had; not to causeB .had; not causeC .hadn 01; causeD .hadn 01; causing9. The doctor advises that the pa

32、tient more exercise.A .take B .takes C .will takeD .to take10 . Do about nine childrenA .from B .inShe was too excited to fallA .sleep B .asleep12 -10m not feeling well.A .surprising; to lose weightC .surprised; to lose weight13 . In winter we see water fallten like eating sweets?C .amongD .betweenl

33、ast night.C .sleepyD .sleepingI 0 m not. I advise youB .surprised; will lose weightD .surprising; losing weightof snow.A .insteadB .in the formC .in front D .in drops14. . He was lucky enough not to be hurt in the accident.A .a bit B .a little C .anyD .very15. . The reason he is absent from school i

34、s he was badly hurt whileriding.A .that; why B .why; that C .why; because D .which; as参考答案1.C2.D3.A4.B5.A6.D7.D8.B9.A10.B11.B12.C13.B14.A15.B课外阅读The Wolf and the LambWOLF, meeting with a Lamb astray from the fold, resolved not to lay violenthands on him, but to find some plea to justify to the Lamb

35、the Wolf's right to eathim. He thus addressed him:"Sirrah, last year you grossly insulted me." "Indeed,"bleated the Lamb in a mournful tone of voice, "I was not then born." Then said theWolf , "You feed in my pasture." "No, good sir," replied the

36、 Lamb, "I have not yet tasted grass." Again said the Wolf, "You drink of my well." "No," exclaimed the Lamb, "I never yet drank water, for as yet my mother's milk is both food and drink to me." Upon which the Wolf seized him and ate him up, saying, "W

37、ell! I won't remain supperless, even though you refute every one of my imputations."The tyrant will always find a pretext for his tyranny.狼与小羊一只小羊在河边喝水，狼见到后，便想找一个名正言顺的借口吃掉他。于是他跑到上 游，恶狠狠地说小羊把河水搅浑浊了，使他喝不到清水。小羊回答说，他仅仅站在河边 喝 水，并且又在下游，根本不可能把上游的水搅浑。狼见此计不成，又说道：“我父亲去 年被你骂过。”小羊说，那时他还没有出生。狼对他说：“不管你怎样

38、辩解，反正我不会 放过你。”这说明，对恶人做任何正当的辩解也是无效的。The Bat and the WeaselsA BAT who fell upon the ground and was caught by a Weasel pleaded to bespared his life. The Weasel refused, saying that he was by nature the enemy of allbirds. The Bat assured him that he was not a bird, but a mouse, and thus was setfree. Sho

39、rtly afterwards the Bat again fell to the ground and was caught by anotherWeasel, whom he likewise entreated not to eat him. The Weasel said that he had aspecial hostility to mice. The Bat assured him that he was not a mouse, but a bat,and thus a second time escaped.It is wise to turn circumstances

40、to good account.蝙蝠与黄鼠狼蝙蝠掉落在地上，被黄鼠狼叼去，他请求饶命。黄鼠狼说绝不会放过他，自己生来痛恨鸟类。蝙蝠说他是老鼠，不是鸟，便被放了。后来蝙蝠又掉落了下来，被另一只黄鼠狼叼住，他再三请求不要吃他。这只黄鼠狼说他恨一切鼠类。蝙蝠改口说自己是鸟类，并非老 鼠，又被放了。这样，蝙蝠两次改变了自己的名字，终于死里逃生。这故事说明，我们遇事要随机应变方能避免危险。Unit14 Festivals英语小窍门十二条经典英语谚语1. Pain past is pleasure.（过去的痛苦就是快乐。）2. Wisdom in the mind is better than money

41、 in the hand.（月商中有知识，胜过手有金钱。）3. Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.（心之所愿，无所不成。）4. All things are difficult before they are easy.（凡事必先难后易。）5. Great hopes make great man.（伟大的理想造就伟大的人。）6. God helps those who help themselves.（天助自助者。）7. Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful indiv

42、iduals abovethe crowd: a little, bit more.（四个简短的词汇概括了成功的秘诀：多一点点！）比别人多一点努力、多一点自律、多一点决心、多一点反省、多一点学习、多一点实践、多一点疯狂， 多一点点就能创造奇迹！8. In doing we learn.（实践长才干。）9. East or west, home is best.（ 东好西好，还是家里最好。）10. Two heads are better than one.（三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。）11. Good company on the road is the shortest cut.（行路有良伴就

43、是捷径。）12. Constant dropping wears the stone.（ 滴水穿石 ）重点词汇解析1. hono（u）r vt.（1）尊敬e. g. Children should honour their father and mother.孩子应该尊敬父母。（2）对表示敬意e. g. Flowers were placed there to honour his memory.鲜花摆放在那里为了 纪念他（3）使感到荣幸e. g. You honour us by being with us today.今天你和我们在起这是我们的荣幸。I am honoured to be

44、asked to speak here.被邀请在此讲话是我的荣幸。honour n.（1）荣誉，光荣（不可数名词）e. g. They fight for the honour of their country.他们为祖国的荣誉而战。（2）（高尚）人格，信誉（不可数名词）A man of honour would not behave in so cowardly way.一个高尚的人行为处事不会这么懦弱。（3）尊敬，敬重（不可数）e. g. One must show honour to one ' s parents.一个人必须尊敬父母。（4）使感到光荣的人或事，荣幸（可数，多作单

45、数）e. g. It ' s an honour to meet you.见至U你十分荣幸。比较：in honour of为了（纪念或表示敬意而举行某活动）e. g. It is only a dance in honour of her birthday.这只是纪念她生日的一个舞会。A memorial meeting was held in his honour.为了 名己念他而举行名己念会。have the honour （of） 有幸,荣幸地e. g. May I have the honour of your company at dinner? 我能有幸与您共进晚餐吗？2.

46、 determine vt.（1）决定e. g. His future has not been determined, but he may study medicine.他还没决定好未来，但他可能学医。Can we now determine the date for our party?我们现在能决定派对的日期吗？（2）决心，决意，决定（作某事），（用过去分词）决心，下定决心determine+ 不定式 to doe. g. She determined to go that very afternoon.她决心、就在刃 B个下午走。determine+ 从句He had been de

47、termined that no one should know.他决意不让任何人知道。determined过去分词作定语或表语，果断，坚定，坚决e. g.His voice was determined, and his eyes were flashing.他的声音很坚决，他的眼睛闪闪发亮。determination n.（1）决心（不可数）e. g. He came with the determination of staying/to stay one week.他决心呆一周。（2）决定（不可数，间或加不定冠词）e. g. The boy came to a determinatio

48、n to run away from school.男孩决定逃学。self-determination n. 自主，自我决定3. purpose n. 目的，意图，目标e. g. What is your purpose in doing this?你做这件事的目的是什么?比较：for purpose 为了目的on purpose有意地，故意地，特意e. g. If I go there in future, it will be for the purpose of seeing you.如果我今后去那儿的话，就是为了见你。I' ve come on purpose to speak

49、 to you.我来是特意要与你谈谈。She did it on purpose.她是故意那样做。4. reminder n.提醒的人（物），暗示e. g. Please give me a reminder this afternoon to phone him.请下午提醒我给他打 电话。remind v. 使想起，提醒(1)+ of 短语 e. g. That story you have just told reminds me of an experience I once had.你刚刚讲的故事使我想起了我曾经有过的经历。(2)+ sb. to do e. g. Please rem

50、ind me to write that letter.请提醒我写信。(3)+ 从句 e. g. The sight of the clock reminded me that I was late.看见时钟使我想起我迟到了。pare v.(1)compare with比较，指同类事物的具体比较e. g. Compare these two languages, and we can see there are differences as well as similarities.比较这两种语言，可以发现它们有同有异。Parents like to compare their own chi

51、ldren with other children.父母们总喜欢把自己的孩子与别的孩子进行比较。(2) compare to比作，指非同类事物的抽象比较e. g. Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.莎士比亚把人世比作舞台。People often compare girls to flowers.人们经常把女孩子比作花朵。(3) compared to/ with与比起来，常在句中作状语，可位于句首或句尾，to和with可通用。It was a small place then compared to/ with what it is now.

52、和现在比起来，那时它还是个小地方。6.表不穿着的动词(1)put on 表示穿上的动作e. g. He put on his coat and went out hurriedly.他穿上外衣匆匆忙忙地出去了。(2) wear表示穿着状态，意义最广，可用于衣服、鞋、帽、袜、手套、眼镜、手表、徽章、首饰，还可表示头发、胡须的式样，带有某种表情或样子。e. g. He was a short man wearing thick glasses.他是一个带着厚厚的眼镜的矮小的(3) dress既可表示动作也可表示状态，作及物动词时，后面宾语是人，即 dress sb. /她给孩子穿上了红色的衣服。o

53、neself (in sth.) 或 be dressed in sth.e. g. She dressed the baby in red.have on 表示穿着状态，无进行时。e. g. She had a red dress on.(5)be in sth. 表示状态e. g. He ' s in plain clothes.What colour is your child in?7. light的用法她穿了一件红裙子。他身着便装。你的孩子穿着什么颜色的衣服?(1)adj.明亮的(=bright),浅色的(=pale)e. g. His room is light and a

54、iry.他的房间又亮又通风。It gets light at about six o ' clock. 六点左右天亮。She has a light green dress.她有一条淡绿色的裙子。(2)n.光线，亮光(不可数)，但如表示一种光线时，尤其是被形容词修饰时，前可加不定冠词。e. g. The test-tube was glowing with a faint blue light.试管里发出微弱的蓝光。灯，灯光，发光物，引火物(可数)e. g. There were no lights on in any office room.没有一个办公室里有灯光。(3) v. (l

55、ight, lit, lit) 和(light, lighted, lighted)点燃(生炉子)e. g. When it was dark we lit the candles.天黑时我们点上了蜡烛。照亮 e. g. Our streets are lit by electricity.街道被灯光照亮。(使)变得亮起来，开朗起来e. g. Her face lighted when she saw who it was.当她看清是谁时，她的脸亮了起来。Suddenly a smile lit (up) her face.突然微笑使她的脸亮了起来。(4)light up 动词短语照亮，点亮

56、e. g. The burning building lit up the whole street.燃烧的建筑物照亮了整条街道。当她听到好消息时，脸上露出(使)容光焕发，春风满面 (指人的面部表情)e. g. Her face lit up when she heard the good news.lighted 。注意：light的过去分词有两种:lighted, lit当作定语修饰名词时，用e. g. a lighted candle一支点着的蜡烛。8 .common 用法及 common, usual, ordinary, general区别(1)common共同的, 共有的 e. g. English is their common language.英语是他们的共同语言。普通的，一般的，平常的 Nothing is commone