五、高中语法之形容词_副词

1、表示人和事物的特征，对名词起表示人和事物的特征，对名词起修饰和描绘作用。修饰和描绘作用。e.g. long, e.g. long, empty, cheap, hungry, etc.empty, cheap, hungry, etc.在句中作在句中作定语定语、表语表语、宾语宾语补足语补足语等成分等成分He is a He is a goodgood student. student.I have something I have something importantimportant to tell to tell you.you.当形容词修饰由当形容词修饰由some-,any-,no-,

2、every-构成的不定代词时构成的不定代词时,形容词要放在这些形容词要放在这些不定代词的之后不定代词的之后. e.g.Is there Is there anything anything interestinginteresting in in todays newspaper ?todays newspaper ?The trees turn The trees turn greengreen in spring. in spring.We are We are alonealone on the island. on the island.只能作表语，不能作定语的形容词只能作表语，不能作

3、定语的形容词你能说出几个？你能说出几个？alone afraid awake asleep alive able形容词和宾语一起构成形容词和宾语一起构成复合复合宾语宾语We must keep the classroom clean.He made us happy. Colour it green.Attention :Attention : 有些单词以有些单词以- -ly ly结尾，但却是结尾，但却是形容词形容词而非副而非副词：词： livelylively、lonelylonely、lovelylovely、deadlydeadly、friendlyfriendly、uglyugly、s

4、illysilly、likelylikely、 timely timely 、 brotherly brotherly sisterly motherly fatherly sisterly motherly fatherly 等。等。系动词系动词+ 形容词形容词作表语作表语 This dish smells well. He is not feeling good today. She felt badly at the news. He looks very seriously.well good good well badly bad seriously seriousLets Lets

5、 fill in the fill in the blanks,blanks, 词词 尾尾 变变 化化原级原级比较比较级级最高最高级级单音节词在词尾加单音节词在词尾加-er(比较级比较级)或或-est(最高级最高级)以字母以字母e接尾的词加接尾的词加-r或或-sttall hard large wide以重读闭音节结尾的词末尾只有一以重读闭音节结尾的词末尾只有一个辅音字母应双写辅音字母再加个辅音字母应双写辅音字母再加er或或estbig hot thin fat wet 以辅音字母以辅音字母+y结尾的词变为结尾的词变为i再加再加-er,或或-esthappy dry early narrow

6、clever 多音节词和多数双音节词在其前面多音节词和多数双音节词在其前面加加more 和和most difficult popular slowlytaller harder larger wider tallest hardest largest widestbigger hotter fatter wetterbiggest hottest fattest wettest happier drier earlierhappiest driest earliestnarrower cleverernarrowest cleverestmore difficult more popularm

7、ore slowly most difficult most popularmost slowly少数以少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节结尾的双音节词可加词可加-er或或-est原级原级goodwellbadillmanymuchlittlefarold比较级比较级最高级最高级better bestworseworstless more mostfarther/furtherolder/elderleast farthest/furthestoldest/eldest巧记：巧记：特殊形式比较级特殊形式比较级共有三对二合一共有三对二合一坏病两多并两好坏病两多并两好little意思不是小意思不是小

8、一分为二有两个一分为二有两个一是老来二是远一是老来二是远Tom is as tall as Mike. as+形容词原形形容词原形+asThere are as many students in our school as yours. Tom is three times as old as Mike. 否定否定 not as+形容词原形形容词原形+as “和和 不一样不一样” 或或 not so+形容词原形形容词原形+as “不及不如不及不如 Tom is not as tall as Mike.Tom is not so tall as Mike. This truck is big e

9、nough to carry 5 tons. so+ 形容词原级形容词原级+that丛句丛句 such+名词名词that丛句丛句He is so big that he cant enter the room by the door . too+原级原级+ to do sth.He is too young to join the army. 形容词原级形容词原级+ enough to do sth. 比较级比较级+than This bridge is longer than that one. Our school is larger than theirs. 表示两者之间的选择，可使用表

10、示两者之间的选择，可使用“Which isWhich is+ + 比较级，比较级，or?”or?” 表示不及另一方时，使用表示不及另一方时，使用“less+less+原级原级+than”+than”Which is longer, this one or that?This park is less beautiful than that one. “The+“The+比较级比较级，the+the+比较级比较级” “比较级比较级+and+and+比较级比较级” ” The The smallersmaller the house is, the house is, the lessthe le

11、ss it it will cost us the heat.will cost us the heat.In spring, the days are getting In spring, the days are getting longer and longerlonger and longer. . 注意注意 no/ not + no/ not + 比较比较 级级 + than + than 的特殊含义的特殊含义 A is A is nono more careful than B. more careful than B. A A和和B B两人都不仔细。两人都不仔细。 A is A

12、is notnot more careful than B. more careful than B. A A不如不如B B仔细。仔细。one of the+one of the+最高级最高级+ +名词复数名词复数最高级最高级+of (in)+of (in)This is/ was theThis is/ was the最高级最高级+ +名词名词+that+that定语从句定语从句Lu Xun is Lu Xun is one ofone of thethe greatest writers last greatest writers last century. century. This i

13、s the worstThis is the worst film film thatthat I have seen these I have seen these years.years.Of allOf all the movie stars, I think Zhang the movie stars, I think Zhang Ziyi is Ziyi is the bestthe best. . 倍数的表达倍数的表达 A is twice / three times as+big / tall / A is twice / three times as+big / tall /

14、high / wide / long +as Bhigh / wide / long +as B A is twice / three times bigger / taller / A is twice / three times bigger / taller / higher / wider/ longer than B higher / wider/ longer than B A is twice / three times the size / height A is twice / three times the size / height / width / length of

15、 B / width / length of B 用来修饰动词、形容词、用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、全句或其它副词、全句或 名词词组及句子的词。名词词组及句子的词。very, early, out, soon, quickly, etc.用用 法法例例 句句作表语作表语My mother is My mother is outout . .作定语作定语The girl The girl therethere is my friend. is my friend. 作状语作状语He runs He runs fastfast . .作宾补作宾补I found him I found him

16、outsideoutside. .四、副词的分类四、副词的分类时间副词时间副词now, then, today, tomorrow, ago, lately, soon, now, then, today, tomorrow, ago, lately, soon, immediately, often, usually, earlyimmediately, often, usually, early地点副词地点副词outside, upstairs, anywhere, up, forward, here, there, outside, upstairs, anywhere, up, for

17、ward, here, there, away, in, back, offaway, in, back, off方式副词方式副词simply, quickly, happily, loudly, suddenly, luckily, simply, quickly, happily, loudly, suddenly, luckily, again, once, easily, togetheragain, once, easily, together程度副词程度副词very, quite, rather, extremely, completely, widely, very, quite

18、, rather, extremely, completely, widely, partly, perfectly, badly, toopartly, perfectly, badly, too疑问副词疑问副词when, where, why, howwhen, where, why, how关系副词关系副词when, where, why (when, where, why (引导定语从句引导定语从句) )连接副词连接副词when, where, why, how (when, where, why, how (引导名词性从句和副词性引导名词性从句和副词性从句从句) )其他其他surel

19、y, certainly, really, however, therefore, perhaps, surely, certainly, really, however, therefore, perhaps, moreover, yes, nomoreover, yes, no 副词的比较级和最高级的构成和形容副词的比较级和最高级的构成和形容词的比较级和最高级的构成基本相同词的比较级和最高级的构成基本相同.e.g. .e.g. 形容记的最高级前要用定冠词形容记的最高级前要用定冠词the,the,副词副词的最高级前可用可不用定冠词的最高级前可用可不用定冠词the.the.Mount Qomo

20、langma is the highest Mount Qomolangma is the highest in the world.in the world.Jim jumped (the) highest of the all.Jim jumped (the) highest of the all.fast-faster-fastestfast-faster-fastestslowly- more slowly slowly- more slowly most slowlymost slowly频度副词放在动词前，情态动词和助动频度副词放在动词前，情态动词和助动词之后。词之后。He He

21、always always goes to school on footgoes to school on footShe was She was oftenoften late for schoollate for school I haveI have nevernever been to Beijingbeen to Beijing The _ edition of the dictionary is far The _ edition of the dictionary is far better than the previous ones.better than the previ

22、ous ones. If the cab arrives _, you will miss the If the cab arrives _, you will miss the flight. flight. This photo reminds me of my _ grandfather.This photo reminds me of my _ grandfather. Hes not been feeling well just _.Hes not been feeling well just _. In _ autumn, you will find the ground In _

23、 autumn, you will find the ground covered with fallen leaves. covered with fallen leaves. At first he denied all guilt, but he _made At first he denied all guilt, but he _made a partial confession. a partial confession. latelate late late laterlater It is _ that his English is _ perfect.It is _ that

24、 his English is _ perfect. sure; very B. right; rathersure; very B. right; rather C. exact; fairly D. certain; quite C. exact; fairly D. certain; quite 1. rather 1. rather 常修饰常修饰贬贬义的词，义的词，fairly fairly 常修饰常修饰褒褒义义的词。有些词本身并无褒贬，但用的词。有些词本身并无褒贬，但用rather rather 意为意为反感，用反感，用fairly fairly 意为赞许。意为赞许。This roo

25、m is fairly big/ rather big. This room is fairly big/ rather big. 2. quite 2. quite 与表示完全概念的词与表示完全概念的词 （right, wrong, right, wrong, perfect, certain, empty, fullperfect, certain, empty, full ) ) 连用时，连用时，表示表示“完全完全”= completely = completely still, yet, alreadystill, yet, already The guests are _ here.

26、 But the The guests are _ here. But the meat is not ready _. It _ meat is not ready _. It _ has to be cooked for another five has to be cooked for another five minutes.minutes. Have you finished the work Have you finished the work _? You are very speedy. _? You are very speedy. alreadyalready yetyet

27、 stillstillyetyet not , nonot , no not not 为副词，修饰谓语，为副词，修饰谓语，no no 为形容词，修为形容词，修饰名词饰名词We got _ help from them.We got _ help from them. no no There is _ time left . There is _ time left . There is scarcely _ time left. There is scarcely _ time left. no no any any值得熟记下列有关形容词、副词的固定搭配。值得熟记下列有关形容词、副词的固定搭配

28、。 He is He is dead/blind dead/blind drunk.drunk. He is He is widewide awake. awake. Hes Hes sound/fast sound/fast asleep.asleep. Its raining/snowing Its raining/snowing heavilyheavily. . He is moving / breathing / drinking He is moving / breathing / drinking smoking smoking heavily.heavily. The traf

29、fic/His moustache is The traffic/His moustache is heavyheavy. .值得熟记下列有关形容词、副词的固定搭配。值得熟记下列有关形容词、副词的固定搭配。 The population of China isThe population of China is largerlarger than that than that of Japan.of Japan. The price of the book is The price of the book is high/low.high/low. The book is The book i

30、s expensive/cheap.expensive/cheap. Johnsons speech Johnsons speech was broadcast livewas broadcast live across across the world. With views beyond his age and the world. With views beyond his age and even a sense of humor, Johnson soon became even a sense of humor, Johnson soon became an internation

31、al sign of the fight against AIDS an international sign of the fight against AIDS and HIV.and HIV. JohnsonJohnson的演讲是全球的演讲是全球现场直播的。现场直播的。 凭着他这个年龄段的观点以及这样的凭着他这个年龄段的观点以及这样的幽默感，幽默感，JohnsonJohnson很快变成了一个抵抗艾滋病毒的国际代言人。很快变成了一个抵抗艾滋病毒的国际代言人。 1. The bread is _ than these cakes A. very delicious B. much delici

32、ous C. more delicious D. as delicious2. Lin Tao jumped _ in the long jump in the school sports meeting A. far B. farther C. farthest D. quite far3. When they met in the hotel . They talked and laughed _A. happily B. happy C. happier D. happiestCCA 4. In our city its _ in July ,but it is even _ in Au

33、gust A. hotter hottest B. hot hot C. hotter hot D. hot hotter 5. Hainan is a very large Island .It is the second _ island in china. A. large B. larger C. largest D. most largest 6. An elephant is _ than a tiger . A. heavy B. very heavy C. the heaviest D. heavierDCD 7. A horse is _ than a dog . A. mu

34、ch heavy B. more heavier C. much heavier D. more heavy 8. Emma always makes a lot of mistakes . She is _. A. care B. careful C. carefully D. careless 9. Which subject is _ , physics or chemistry ? A. interesting B. most interesting C. more interesting D. the most interesting CDC10. He is _ enough to carry the heavy box . A. strong B. stronger C. much stronger D. the strongest 11. Li lei often talks _ but does _ so everyone says he is a good boy . A. less more B. few much C. more little D. little many 12. When the famous singer