被动语态专练

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上被动语态专练一、被动语态的构成形式1.被动语态由be过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时 例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2）has /have been done 现在完成时例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时 例A new cinema is

2、being built here4） was/were done 一般过去时 例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5） had been done 过去完成时例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6） was/were being done 过去进行时 例A meeting was being held when I was there.7） shall/will be do

3、ne/ be going to be done/ be about to be done/ be to be to done一般将来时 例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8） should/would be done/ waswere going to be done/ waswere about to be done/waswere to be to done 过去将来时例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.2.

4、 被动语态的特殊结构形式1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词be过去分词。例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语， 另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。例 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动

5、语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。例 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为 A stranger was seen to wal

6、k into the building.5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.3. 非谓语动词的被动语态v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。例: I don't like being laughed at in the public. Anyone not obeying traffic rules is to be punished. 二、 It i

7、s said that+从句及其他类似句型一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think等可以用于句型“Itbe过去分词that从句”或“主语be过去分词to do sth.”。有： It is said that 据说,It is reported that据报道，It is believed that大家相信，It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that众所周知，It is thought that大家认为，It is suggested that据建议。

8、例: It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）三、谓语动词的主动形式表示被动意义1.英语中有很多动词如 break，catch，clean，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作

9、用造成的影响。试比较：The door won't lock （指门本身有毛病） The door won't be locked （指不会有人来锁门, 指“门没有锁”是人的原因）2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义。例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受

10、、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。 例Your reason sounds reasonable.四、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。1 在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing（to be repaired）这房子需要修理。2 形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定

11、式的被动形式。例: The picture-book is well worth reading（The picture-book is very worthy to be read）3. 动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。 例: I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)试比较：Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted?

12、( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)4. 在某些“形容词不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例This problem is difficult to work out .（可看作to work out省略了for me）.5 在too to结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。例This book i

13、s too expensive (for me) to buy.6. 在there be句型中，当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时，不定式用主动式作定语，重点在人，用被动形式作定语，重点在物。例There is no time to lose（to be lost）（用 to lose可看成for us to lose；用to be lost，谁 lost time不明确。）7. 在be to do结构中的一些不定式通常应用主动表主动, 被动表被动。然而,由于古英语的影响,下列动词rent, blame, let等仍用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。例 Who is to blame for star

14、ting the fire?基础练习题：( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year?A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build( )2. An accident _ on this road last week.A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened( )3.Cotton（棉花） _ in the southeast of China.A. is grown B. are grown C.

15、 grows D. grow( )4.So far, the moon _ by man already.A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited( )5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives( )6.How many trees _ this year? A. are planted B. will plant

16、C. have been planted D. planted( )7.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done( )8.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used( )9.The Great Wall _ all over the world. A.

17、knows B. knew C. is known D. was known( )10. When I left the classroom last night, it _ by the students on duty. A. cleaned B. was cleaned C. was cleaning D. was being cleaned( )11. The teacher said many people _ to our school the next week. A. will be invited B. would be invited C. was going to inv

18、ited D. was invited( )12. By the time we got to the canteen, all the food _ up. A. has been eaten B. was eaten C. had been eaten D. had eaten( )13.Who _ this book _? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written( )14.A story _ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to u

19、s C. is told us D. told us( )12.The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump( )13.The school bag _ behind the chair. A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put( )14.Older people _ well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after( )15

20、.Our teacher _ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened不能用于被动语态的情况1.不及物动词不能用于被动语态。例如：The sun is rising.太阳冉冉升起。When did the event happen?那件事情是什么时候发生的？2.表示状态特征的系动词，如look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, become, fall, get, grow, kee

21、p等的主动形式表示被动意义。例如：It sounds very good.听起来很好。The food tasted good so it was sold out soon.那种食品美味可口，很快就销售一空。3.表示开始、结束、运动的动词不用于被动语态。这类动词有begin, start, finish, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, move等。例如：Class begins at 8 oclock.八点上课。The shop closes at 7 oclock.这家商店七点关门。区别：Our class will begin in 10 minu

22、tes.The teacher will begin our class in 10 minutes. Our class will be begun by the teacher in 10munutes.4. read, write, wash, sell, wear, lock等动词和well, easily, smoothly等连用时，主动形式表示被动意义。例如：The pen writes smoothly. 这笔用起来很流畅。The coat washes easily.这件大衣容易洗。5.一部分动词用进行时表示被动意义。这类动词有：print, cook, fry, h

23、ang, build, make等。例如：The novel is printing.小说正在印刷。The supper is cooking.正在做晚饭。6.need, want, require(需要，要求), deserve(渴望，欲望，要求)等动词以物做主语时，后接动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。例如：My watch needs / wants / requires repairing.我的手表需要修理。Who said the boy deserves punishing.谁说那男孩应受到惩罚？7.宾语是反身代词、相互代词、同源宾语时，不用被动语态。例如：I taught mysel

24、f English.我自学英语。We help each other.我们相互帮助。They live a life of luxury.他们过着豪华的生活。8.一部分及物动词不用于被动语态。常见的有：fit, have, wish, cost, leave, enter, reach, suit, benefit, lack, own等。例如：He entered the room and got his book.他进了房间，拿走了他的书。I have a book. 我有一本书。9.一些短语动词不能用于被动语态，如：break out, take place, lose hea

25、rt, come true, belong to , consist of, add up to , agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed in, walk into, suffer from, happen to, take part in等。例如：The fire broke out in the house.屋子着火了。The group, consisting of 5 people, has achieved its goals.五人小组实现了他们的目标。10.不定式to blame, to seek, to let等

26、用主动形式表示被动意义。例如：Who is to blame for it?那件事情谁应该受责备？The house is to let.此房出租。11.不定式做定语与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系时，不定式用主动形式。例如：I have lots of work to do.我有很多工作要做。He is a pleasant person to get along with.他是一个很好相处的人。12.一部分形容词后接不定式做状语时，不定式用主动形式。常见的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, nice, kind, pleasant等。例如：He is easy to deal

27、 with. 他容易相处。The ground is hard to dig.这块地难挖。被动语态专项练习一、选择题( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year? A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2. An accident _ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )3.Cotton（棉花） _ in the

28、 southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow ( )4.So far, the moon _ by man already. A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited ( )5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( )6.How m

29、any trees _ this year? A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted ( )7.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done ( )8.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D.

30、are; used ( )9.The Great Wall _ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known ( )10.Who _ this book _? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written ( )11.A story _ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us ( )12.The monkey wa

31、s seen _ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump ( )13.The school bag _ behind the chair. A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put ( )14.Older people _ well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after ( )15.Our teacher _ carefully. A. should be lis

32、tened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened 二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。1.It's said(据说) that the long bridge_（build）in two months 2.Where to have the meeting _ （discuss）now 3.Which language _the most widely_（speak）in the world？ 4.The lost boy_（not find）so far 5.Last year a large number of t

33、rees_（cut）down 6. The students _ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 7. The old man is ill. He _ (must send) to the hospital. 8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop. 9. What _ knives _ (make) of ? They_(make) of metal(金属) and wood. 10. Can the magazine _took_ (take) ou

34、t of the library? 11. The room _ (clean) by me every day. 12. The stars cant _ (see) in the daytime. 13. Some flowers _ (water) by Li Ming already. 14. This kind of shoes _ (sell) well. 15. How long _ your uncle _(be) in the city? 16. The food _ (smell) delicious.17. Look! Someone _(dance). 三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。1.Is tea grown in South China？（改