上海市2022届高三英语二轮复习概要写作练习二 含答案.docx

1、(4) A Question of JudgementHuman beings are, in principle, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance, this might seem like a strength that grants people the ability to make judgments which are independent of external factors. But in a world of limit

2、ed resources in other words, the world in which most professional people operate Dr. Simonsohn reported in Psychological Science that it was actually a weakness since an inability to consider the big picture was leading decision-makers to be biased (有偏见)by the daily samples they were working with.To

3、 lest this idea, Dr. Simonsohn and his assistants turned their attention to the university-admissions process. Admissions officers interview hundreds of applicants every year, at a rate of 4% a day, and can offer entry to about 40% of them. In theory, the success of an applicant should not depend on

4、 the few others chosen randomly for intennew during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was otherwise.He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews conducted by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had rated applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale took numerous factors,

5、 including communication skills, personal drive, team-working ability and personal accomplishments, into consideration. The scores from this rating were then used in conjunction with an applicant's score on the GMAT, a standardized exam which is marked out of 800 points, to make a decision on wh

6、ether to accept him or her.Dr.Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily scries of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one before that, (hen the score for lhe next applicant would drop by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to rever

7、se the effects of such a decrease, a candidate would need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been necessary.As fbr why people behave this way, Dr.Simonsohn proposes that after accepting a number of strong candidates, inten iewers might form the illogical expectation (hat a weaker candidat

8、e "is due".参考答案:4.Making decisions without considering the big picture will cause biased opinions, which can be proved by MBA interviews. The success depends on the candidate's competitors because his score will fall if the previous candidates keep being graded with higher points. The

9、reason is that the interviewer expects the aiTival of a 'weaker' candidate after meeting with several strong ones. (59 words)Small TalkSecurity guard, truck driver, salesperson year after year, these jobs appear on lists of the unhappiest careers. Although many factors can make a job depress

10、ing 一 unusual hours, low pay, no chance for advancement these three jobs stand out for another reason: a lack of small talk.Psychologists have long said that connecting with others is central to our well-being, hut just how much conversation we require is under investigation. In one study, researche

11、rs overheard undergraduates for four days and then catalogued each conversation as either "small talk" ("What do you have there? Pop com? Yummy!” ) or "serious" ("Did they break up soon after?") . They found that the second type is connected with happiness the happ

12、iest students had roughly twice as many "serious" talks as the unhappiest ones. Small talk, meanwhile, made up only ten percent of their conversation, versus almost 30 percent of conversation among the unhappiest students.However, don't just consider small talk worthless yet. Scientist

13、s believe (hat small talk could promote bonding. Chatting with strangers could brighten our morning. In a series of experiments, psychologists found that those who chatted with other train passengers reported a more pleasant journey than those who didn't.Small talk can also help us feel connecte

14、d to our surroundings. People who smiled at, made eye contact with and briefly spoke with their Starbucks baristas （咖啡 巾）reported a greater sense of belonging than those who rushed through the transaction （交易）.Similarly, when volunteers broke the silence of the art gallery to chat with gallcry-gocrs

15、, the visitors felt happier and more connected to the exhibit than （hose who were not approached.Of course, some of us arc better than others at turning small talk into something bigger. In one study, people who were rated "less curious" by researchers had trouble gelling a conversation ro

16、lling on their own. People who were considered "curious", meanwhile, needed no help transforming conversations about ordinary things like favorite holidays into friendly exchanges. A "curious mindset ", the researchers concluded, can lead to 44positive social interaction.参考答案：5 J

17、obs lacking a small talk will become joyless. Psychologists find happy students like serious talk more than small talk, but small talk has its value in promoting relationship and bringing a good mood. It also helps one connected with the environment, increasing sense of belonging. Curious people are

18、 belter at initiating a friendly conversation. （54 words）（6）How much do you know about venom?All snakes arc hunters and predators, feeding on the animals and sometimes their eggs. Having no limbs, snakes cannot hold their preys down to bile； hence they usually swallow them whole. Poisonous snakes so

19、metimes do immobilize their preys with their venom （毒，夜）to make consumption easier.Most poisonous snakes are conspicuously colored to warn others off. One example is the redheaded krait which has a bluish-black body and scarlet head and tail. Snakes like (he cobras, which have less outstanding body

20、colors, display their fatality by lifting the front part of their body and spreading their hoods.Why then is the venom so deadly? Each species of venomous snakes has a different mix of poisonous chemicals in its bite. Scientists know about two basic categories. One type of poison contains molecules

21、that block the activity of nerves, which paralyzes the muscles. When this action stops the muscles that work the lungs, the prey stops breathing and dies. The other type of venom is made up of molecules that kill (he prey by making (issues in the body begin to break down.Though these bites arc deadl

22、y, certain actions can be taken to slow down the spread of the venom, hence saving the victim's life. Attempting to incise and suck at the spot of the bite is more likely to be harmful than a cure. The poisonous venom usually travels fast into the body upon being released; hence sucking at the m