《有关房地产的》word版

1、按揭购房 to buy a house on mortgage; to mortgage a hous房屋空置率 housing vacancy rate安居工程 Comfortable Housing Project板楼，板式楼 slab-type apartment building搬迁户 a relocated unit or household财产税 property tax;estate(or capital) duty拆迁补偿费 compensation for demolition拆迁费用 removal expense城镇住房公积金 urban housing providen

2、t fund低价住房 low-cost housing二手房 second-hand house房产估价师 realestate evaluator房产证 property ownership certificate房屋置换 buy or exchange houses炒房者realestate speculator房改 housing system reform房管 realestate management房权证 property right certificate房产市场 realestate market房屋空置率 housing vacancy rate福利分房 welfare-or

3、iented public housing distribution system个人购房贷款 individual housing loan公房商品化 commercialization of public housing集资房 houses built with funds collected by the buyers居民住房建设 residential construction人均住房per-capital housing现房 complete dapartment (or flat)期房 forward delivery housing商品房 commercial residenti

4、al building商品房空置 the vacancy problem in commercial housing政策性住房 policy-related house, policy-based house住房补贴 rental allowance; housing allowanceReal estate is supposed to be put to its “highest and best use.” It comes in several varieties : residential , commercial , and industrial. Among residentia

5、l properties , there are houses , apartment buildings and other special-use properties such as time shares . Most areas are zoned for residential , commercial , industrial , or other forms of real estate . But sometimes you can upgrade real estate by building a more remunerative type as permitted ,

6、or by going to city hall to get the land rezoned for a higher type of use . Thus , an investor might be able to upgrade residential property for commercial use . If it were mixed residential and commercial , one might be able to convert it to all of one or the other , depending on which was the more

7、 profitable use in this area . A person might buy a building and adjoining land , and either erect another building on the spare land or sell the land for a profit . Industrial properties are the trickiest to deal with because they tend to consist of “ single-use ” buildings such as a factory , whic

8、h are hard to convert to other uses if the business closes down .Real estate can be owned in several ways . The most common way is as a stand-alone building , usually a house . A unit in an apartment can also be owned as a condominium . In such a situation , people own individual apartments within t

9、he building , while the manager of the building owns the lobby and other areas open to all that are known as common areas . Apartment owners pay a fee to the manager for the use of these common areas known as maintenance . If the building goes bankrupt , the lender will foreclose on the ownership of

10、 the common area , but individual apartment owners will not be affected . A less safe arrangement is a cooperative , or co-op for short . Here , a corporation owns an apartment building , and individual apartment owners buy shares in the building corresponding to the value of their apartment . The a

11、partment itself is occupied under a proprietary lease . Here , if the building is mortgaged and defaults , the lender to the building can foreclose on the whole corporation , which is to say that individual apartment owners lose their shares in their apartments , and thus , the ownership of the unit

12、s themselves .Co-ops are much harder to finance than condos .In the case of a condo , the owner has title to the unit , which the bank can repossess in the event of a default . The unit can then be liquidated fairly easily , as in the case of a detached building such as a house . In the case of a co

13、-op , the bank can repossess only the shares corresponding to the apartment , not the unit itself . This is a much weaker form of security because the co-op loans . The ones that do are mainly in large cities like New York City , where such arrangements are fairly common , and they typically require

14、 an assessment of the buildings financial condition , as well as the individuals finances . Many co-ops require buyers to either pay cash or , if the purchase is financed , to use consumer , mortgage , credit , wherein the interest is not deductible for tax purposes , in order to screen out buyers .

15、 A most illustrative case was in the novel Bonfire of the vanities , in which the hero , Sherman McCoy , needed $420,000 of pretax income in order to pay annual interest of $252,000 on his $2.6 million apartment . He was “going broke on one million dollars a year .”Another arrangement is known as a

16、time share . This applies mainly to vacation and resort homes , where a number of people purchase and own the right use the home exclusively for a specified period of time , usually measured in weeks and months . The more desirable time slots ( the season ) cost more , because what youre really purc

17、hasing is not the home itself ., but the right to use it at a particular time . Commercial real estate commands higher rents per square foot than residential , but it is quite a bit riskier . Except for the highest and lowest-cost properties residential real estate will seldom be priced out of the m

18、arket , because there will be always be someone “ trading up “ or “ trading down ,“ even if the original target market disappears . However commercial properties such as stores , factories or motels are basically “ single-use “holdings that will have a tough time finding alternative users to its ori

19、ginally intended market . A private investor would do well to gain some experience with residential at first , before moving up to commercial . Office buildings are the riskiest . They are overbuilt in many parts of the country , which means high vacancy rates and soft rents . 房地产应该得到完全充分地利用。根据用途，其可

20、分为以下几类：居民用房、商业用房、以及工业用房。其中居民用房包括民宅、公寓以及其他特殊用途的房产（例如分时共用房产）。虽然大部分区域被规划为居民区，工业区，或其他房地产区，但偶尔你也可以通过获批（或市政厅重新规划）建造更多的其它形式的有偿地产。因此，投资者可以通过将居民用房变为商业用房来提高房地产的利用价值。如果该种物业类型混合了居住型和商业型的特色，使用者可以根据在当地房屋的盈利情况选择将其变为居住型或商业型房产，亦或居住商业混合型的。某人买房的同时可以买下与其相连的空地，也可以在空地上建造另一栋楼房，当然也可以卖掉这块地。工业房产是最难处理的房产，因为它是由单一用途的建筑组成（例如工厂），

21、而当企业破产后的房产是相当难转化为其他用途的。房地产有以下几种拥有形式：最常见的方式是单一楼房，比如住宅。公寓的一个单位的产权可以归居住者自有。在次种情况之下，个人拥有该房屋建筑里面的某个人单元，而房屋建筑经营者拥有大堂或者其他公共区域。公寓所有人为该部分公用区域给公寓管理者付的费用称为物业管理费。如果该栋建筑物房产破产，贷方会取消公共区域的赎回权，但个人部分不受影响。合作经营（或者短期消费合作）是指一家公司拥有一个公寓型建筑，而拥有公寓所有权的个人根据公寓价值买该公寓的股份，这栋公寓本身就存在房产租赁契约，在这种情况下，如果该公寓是作为抵押借款或是为了拖欠债务，该房屋的贷方能取消整个公司的赎

22、回权，也就是说公寓所有权的个人失去了他们对该建筑物的房产份额，当然，他们对房屋单元的所有权也会相应失去。所以，这种管理模式不太保险。合作性消费房产比分户出售公寓大厦还更难融资。在分户出售公寓大厦的情况下，原权利属于公寓单位所有人的公寓单位在拖欠债务的情况下，银行有权收回。在分离建筑住房的情况下，这样的单元结算相对简单。在合作性消费房产的情况下，银行只能收回公寓相应的份额，不是公寓单元本身，因为是消费性合作贷款，所以不是很保险。这种形式主要是在像纽约这样的大城市中能够行得通。在那里，该管理形式相当普遍，建筑物房产和个人经济状况的评估受到关注。许多合作性消费性房产要求买主或者付现金，或者消费，抵押

23、，信用，等融资形式来支付。其中，为了甄选买家，利息是不因为税收而扣除的，最有说服力的例子是小说虚无的篝火，当中的主角Sherman McCoy需要420，000美元的税前收入为了付年利息为252，000美元的价值2.6百万的公寓。每年1百万美元使得他就要破产了。另外一种形式是分时共有房产。这种房产的形式主要应用在度假村或旅游景点。在那里，一些人购买并且获得房子的某段特定时期的独家使用权，通常以星期或月份来计算。需求越旺盛的季节，房屋的价钱很高，因为你所购买的不是房屋本身，而是该房产的某个特定时间段的使用权。商业房产比居住房产要求更高的租金，但其风险也更高。除了高租金，低成本以外，居住房产很少在

24、市场上定价，因为尽管原有的目标市场消失了，可总有人“炒”房或“抛”房。然而，商业房产，像商店、工厂、旅馆等其基本用途都很单一，并且在原来目标市场上很难找到可代替的使用者。个体投资者可以用居民住房的这种形式积累一定的资本，然后再转移到商业用途上。写字楼的风险是最大的，全国各地建了过多的写字楼，这意味着房产闲置率高，租金便宜。Before buying any property , you should get an engineering report , to make sure that the main systems work ; electric , gas , and water .

25、 There should not be any structural problems with these , the foundation , or the beams . There may be plenty of minor faults such as chipped paint , but there should be reflected in a lower selling price . You should welcome such defects because you can increase your profits by fixing them.The bank

26、 will do an appraisal , but it will be a cursory one . Instead of trying to pinpoint the exact value for your house , the bank appraiser will use the selling price as a starting point , and then test it for reasonableness . A good (well done , not necessarily favorable )appraisal will tell you what

27、the market thinks of the house and why.Cash flow on real estate is pretty much discretionary , at least after the minimum debt service charges are paid off . You can reinvest it in the property to maintain or improve it , you can prepay your mortgage or you can spend it ,either on more real estate ,

28、or on other items . A property can even be “ milked ” for short periods of time by deferring maintenance , but that is not a wise long-term strategy . Any way you slice it, cash flow is what ultimately drives the return on real estate . If cash flow after expenses and debt service is negative , the

29、property is priced too high and likely to go down in value . For this reason , one should not think in terms of sacrificing cash flow for “appreciation .”Real estate should be bought for intrinsic(i.e., cash flow) rather than resale value . This is true of stocks, but particularly told in numerous p

30、laces, most notably by John Paul Getty , of Florida swamp land in the 1920s; in which “ investors ” bought and sold binders, or contracts, on real estate ; with the intention of “flipping” them within a short time . When one skeptical investor asked the agent to show him the land ,which was under a

31、swamp, the agent explained ,“ This real estate is for trading , not for owning .” When the craze is over , some hapless investor will be left with a worthless piece of property . An only slightly less insidious form of “real estate ” is one that is uneconomical , except for tax breaks . Then the inv

32、estor is hostage to changes in the Tax Code .不管买什么房子，之前你都要拿到该房子的工程报告，以弄明白房子的电、水、和气等主要工作系统。房子的基础、大梁也不能有任何结构性问题。当然，一些小的瑕疵也是不可避免的，比如说油漆脱落，可这应该在价格上有所反应。对于这些缺陷，你应该感到高兴,因为通过修补你还能提高你的收益。银行会出一个评估报告，但却很粗略。银行评估师不会给你的房产定价，只是用卖价作为起点，然后用合理性进行检验。一个好的（做得好却未必有利的）评估报告将会告诉你市场对该房产的反映和市场为什么如此反应。房地产现金流的决定权相当之大，要求至少先支付最低

33、的债务偿还的服务费用。你可以重新投资房地产，以便对其进行维持、改善；你也可以预交抵押贷款的定金，你也可以将其自行花掉（可考试*大用于其它房地产投资，也可用于房地产以外的项目）；房地产的款项甚至可以通过推迟保养而暂为“挪用”，可这从长期来讲，却不是一个明智的策略。不管你如何分配，现金流回报最终都会受房地产的引导。如果现金流在扣除各种花销和债务之后为负，就是说房产的价格过高而趋向于跌价。基于此，就不要指望通过牺牲现金流来达到“涨价”的目的。买房与其用转售价格，不如用其固有（指现金流）价格。这适用于股票，因其较低的流动性，尤其适用于房地产。最著名的要数上世纪20年代佛罗里达沼泽地的约翰保罗格蒂，他的

34、故事曾被考试*大多处引用。他提出，投资者带着短期弹压房地产的目的对其基料或合约进行买卖。当一位投资者怀疑的向代理人咨询其地皮为何在沼泽之上时，代理人解释道，“这里的房产只是为了买卖，不是为了拥有。”当狂热过去，一些倒霉的投资者将会剩下一块分文不值的地皮。这种唯一略显狡诈的“房地产”形式除了税额优惠以外，对购房者而言并无经济实惠可言。随之而来的就是这些投资者成了税法改革的人质。The real secret is to buy only in situations in which debt servicing costs are less than rental income minus ex

35、penses . Investors most often get into trouble in negative cash flow situations . A bankruptcy in real estate terms is known as a foreclosure . This is when the bank or other lender takes possession of the building because the buyer cant meet payments for a period of time . Foreclosures are the clos

36、est thing to personal bankruptcy , and stay on a persons credit record for seven years . (bankruptcy stays for ten .) A more amicable situation is one in which the owner hands title (as symbolized by the keys and deed ) to the property to the lender in lieu of foreclosure , but this also involves a

37、seven-year record . One or more missed payments followed by a catch-up will not lead to foreclosure , but this information does damage a credit record for some years .To buy in a turnaround , the most promising situation is one in which the neighborhood and properties are already being improved by t

38、he current owners . It is good sign if developers are moving in . (But this is smart money . ) The largest profits are made just before the developer stage , when individuals are fixing up the property . The quality of the people is even more important than the quality of the buildings . A blue-coll

39、ar neighborhood with stable incomes and families may be a better bet than one inhabited by young singles who move out every few years . Seattle , Washington , was a case in point when the aerospace industry laid off people .房地产的秘密就在于只有在这种情况下才可以购房，即债务偿还开销要低于扣除份额中日常开销之后的租金收入。投资者很容易陷入负向现金流动的困境之中。止赎是房地产

40、破产中的著名条款。此即由于买方考试&大一定时期内负担不起还款，该房产便收归银行或其他贷方所有了。止赎权与个人破产的信用记录保留期限最为接近，要保留7年（破产为10年）。一个更为和睦的处境就是所有者将财产所有权（以钥匙和契约表征）交与贷方从而避免破产，可这也要在信用记录中保留7年。一个或多个忘还的款项随后补交之后虽然不会导致止赎，可却会在信用记录中保留多年。转型期购房，此时最有价值的投资就在那些已被现有业主开发的小区和物业。如果开发者进入，这就是一个好的标志。（可这获利甚微。）要想获得较大利益，就要在开发者进入之前动手，即人们开始解决物业之时。人的因素考试&大要比物的因素更为重要。有稳定收入及家

41、庭的蓝领公寓与那些没几年就搬一次家的单身青年聚居区要更值得搏一把。对此，西雅图、华盛顿在航空和航天工业裁员时就是再恰当不过的例子了。semi-detached house 半独立式房子（一栋房子从中间隔开，成为两户人家，花园也用篱笆隔开） detached house 独立式房子(一家拥有) terraced houses/ row houses 连栋房屋(互相连接的一排房屋；两幢之间只有一层墙壁相隔) fence 篱笆 front door 房子前门 garage 车库 driveway 车库通向马路的空地 Flat/Apartment (公寓) block of flats 公寓楼grou

42、nd floor 第一层 first floor 第二层 lift/elevator 电梯 stairs 楼梯 steps 楼外的台阶 balcony 阳台 Renting (租房) 你如果打算租房子，不妨进来看一下这一段对话，看房的时候就知道跟房东说什么了 。 landlord 房东 rent 房租 House Leasing Contract 房屋合同 deposit 定金furnished house/ apartment有家具的房子/公寓 unfurnished house/ apartment 无家具的房子/公寓 a vacant room/ a spare room 空房singl

43、e room 单人间double room 双人间utilities 水、电、煤气和垃圾处理等费用flatmate 合住一套公寓的人；合租者letting agency 房屋中介agency fee 中介费 海外留学租房三攻略 home stay 寄宿家庭，指和房东住在一起，由房东提供食宿）university accommodation 学校宿舍（住在大学提供的宿舍里）private accommodation 私人住房Room (房间) cozy 温馨的living room/lounge 起居室 ；客厅bedroom 卧室main bedroom 主卧carpet 地毯 coffee t

44、able （置于沙发前的）茶几 armchair 单人沙发 sofa 沙发 remote control 遥控器 radiator 暖气片central heating 中央供暖fridge/ freezer 冰箱 kettle 电烧水壶 stool 厨房高脚椅 oven 烤箱 dishwasher 洗碗机 tap 水龙头 sink 洗碗池 cupboard 橱柜 shower 淋浴/冲凉 bath 浴缸bathroom 卫生间main bathroom 主卫 toilet 马桶 Buy a (an)flat/ apartment 买房 real estate 房地产mortgage 按揭（指

45、向银行借长期抵押贷款，用来买房子）down payment 首付completed apartment/flat 现房（指已建好供销售的房子）forward housing delivery 期房resold apartment 二手房affordable housing 经济适用房housing price 房价按揭贷款 mortgage loan 按揭购房 to buy a house on mortgage; to mortgage a house 房屋空置率 housing vacancy rate 安居工程 Comfortable Housing Project 板楼，板式楼 sla

46、b-type apartment building 搬迁户 a relocated unit or household 财产税 property tax;estate(or capital) duty 拆迁补偿费 compensation for demolition 拆迁费用 removal expense 城镇住房公积金 urban housing provident fund 低价住房 low-cost housing 二手房 second-hand house 房产估价师 realestate evaluator 房产证 property ownership certificate 房

47、屋置换 buy or exchange houses 炒房者realestate speculator 房改 housing system reform 房管 realestate management 房权证 property right certificate 房产市场 realestate market 房屋空置率 housing vacancy rate 福利分房 welfare-oriented public housing distribution system 个人购房贷款 individual housing loan 公房商品化 commercialization of pu

48、blic housing 集资房 houses built with funds collected by the buyers 居民住房建设 residential construction 人均住房per-capital housing 现房 complete dapartment (or flat) 期房 forward delivery housing 商品房 commercial residential building 商品房空置 the vacancy problem in commercial housing 政策性住房 policy-related house, policy

49、-based house 住房补贴 rental allowance; housing allowance 住房分配货币化进程 capitalization process of housing distribution/allocationproperty 物业，资产 interest 产权 subsidiary 附属机构，子公司 valuation 评估 open market value 公开市场价值 leaseback 售后回租（即租回已出售的财产） on a residual basis 剩余法 capital value 资本价值 cost of development 开发费（指

50、拆迁费，七通一平费等） professional fee 专业人员费（指勘察设计费等） finance costs 融资成本（指利息等） sale proceeds 销售收益 on the basis of capitalisation 资本还原法 floor area 建筑面积 title document 契约文书 plaza 购物中心 land use certificate 土地使用证 commercial/residential complex 商住综合楼 land use fee 土地使用费（获得土地使用权后，每年支付国家的使用土地费用） Grant Contract of Land Use Right 土地使用权出让合同 plot ratio 容积率 site coverage 建筑密度 land use term 土地使用期 pro