语法篇专形容词和副词课件

1、专题四 形容词和副词一、形容词分类及基本用法 形容词就是用来修饰名词或不定代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。基本用法如下表： 分类功能例词定语形容词 作定语、表语和补语等。 hot, cold, etc. 表语形容词作表语，有的可作后置定语 well, ill, glad, sorry, fond, worth, able, afraid, alone, asleep, alive, awake, alike, afraid, etc. 二、复合形容词构成例词形容词+名词+ed kind-hearted, white-haired 形容词+形容词 red-hot, dark-blue

2、形容词+现在分词 good-looking, easy-going 副词+现在分词 hard-working, fast-moving 副词+过去分词 hard-won, newly-built 名词+形容词 life-long, world-famous 名词+现在分词 peace-loving, fun-loving 名词+过去分词 snow-covered, hand-made 数词+名词 ten-year, two-man 数词+名词+ed four-storied, three-legged 数词+名词+形容词 three-year-old 三、副词分类及基本用法 副词是用来修饰动词

3、、形容词、其他副词和全句的词汇。 副词分类及用法如下表： 分类例词用法例句时间副词 today, yesterday, soon, recently, suddenly, still, already, just, etc. 可位于句首、句中或句尾。 He went home yesterday. Yesterday he went home. He went to Paris recently. He recently went to Paris.Recently he went to Paris. 地点副词 here, there, up, down, away, nearby, home

4、, ahead, abroad, indoors, overseas, halfway, upstairs, downstairs, etc. 常用于句末或句首，从不位于主语和谓语之间。 Can you help to carry this table upstairs?The boy read quietly over there all afternoon. 方式副词 carefully, happily, quietly, heavily, warmly, correctly, politely, angrily, etc. 通常位于动词(及其宾语)之后；在“动词+介词+宾语”结构中，方

5、式副词既可位于“介词+宾语”之前，也可位于He read the letter slowly.He looked at me curiously. He looked curiously at me. He looked curiously at everyone who got off“介词+宾语”之后；单个的方式副词有时也可位于主语与动词之间。the plane.He quickly got dressed. 频度副词 always, continually, frequently, often, once,twice, repeatedly, sometimes, usually, ev

6、er,hardly ever,never, rarely, scarcely， ever, seldom, etc. 位于实义动词之前，be动词、助动词、情态动词之后；如果有两个助动词，频度副词通常放在第一个助动词后面。 He often comes to see us. He is seldom late for school. We have never been invited to one of their parties.She was always late.I know I should take exercise, but I never do. 程度副词 fairly, pr

7、etty, rather, quite, very, much, too, greatly, almost, nearly, half, highly, awfully, deeply, partly, perfectly, really, etc. 主要修饰形容词和副词，有的还可修饰比较级(如much, rather 等)和最高级(如quite, much, almost 等)；有的可修饰动词，有的则不能。 Houses are much more expensive these days.This is quite/much the most expensive radio here.I

8、quite agree with you.He drives very carefully. 连接副词 therefore, besides,however,moreover,still, thus,meanwhile, etc. 用于连接句子，性质类似于并列连词，使用时其前通常用分号或句号；若其前用逗号，则通常带有并列连词(如and)。 I dont like it; besides, its too expensive. We all tried our best; however, we lost the game.We all tried our best. However, we l

9、ost the game. when, why, where, how, etc. 用于引导从句或不定式。 Tell me when we shall leave. Tell me when to leave. I donknow how I can find him.I dont know how to find him. 关系副词 when, where, why 用于引出定语从句。 Sunday is the day when very few people go to work.Thats the reason why he dislikes me. Do you know a sho

10、p where I can find sandals? 疑问副词 when, where, why, how 用于引出特殊疑问句。 Where do you come from?When will it be ready?Why was she crying? 句子副词 actually, certainly, clearly, definitely, evidently, surely, fortunately, frankly, honestly, luckily, obviously, perhaps, possibly, unexpectedly, etc. 用于修饰句子(而不是修饰某

11、个单词)，反映说话人的观点和看法。 Obviously he cant tell the difference between them. I arrived late but luckily the meeting had been delayed. 【考点一】考查多个形容词修饰一个名词的排列顺序熟记口诀就可以顺利解题：限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老,颜色国籍和材料,作用类别往后靠。说明：（1）“限定词”包括：冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词，它位于各类形容词前。它本身分为三位，即：前、中、后。前位限定词有all、half、both、分数和倍数；中位限定词有冠词、指示代词、物主代词等；后位限

12、定词有基数词和序数词，但序数词位于基数词前。（2）“描绘”性形容词,如beautiful, bad, cold, great, etc.（3）“大长高”表示大小、长短、高低等一些词；（4）表示“形状”的词，如round, square, etc.（5）“国籍”指一个国家或地区的词；“出”指出处。“材料”的词，如wooden, woolen, stone, silk, etc.（6）“作用类别”的词，如medical, college, writing (desk), police (car), etc. 【考点二】考查形容词作定语的后置规律形容词作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前，但下列三种情况形容

13、词要后置：（1）形容词短语作定语时要后置。Students brave enough to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. （2）表语形容词作定语要后置。常见的表语形容词有：afraid, alike, alone, asleep, awake, alive, etc.。All the people present at the party were his supporters.（3）形容词作定语修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词，如anythin

14、g、something等时，通常后置。I have something important to tell you. 【考点三】形容词作伴随状语和原因状语形容词充当状语多表示主语的状态。He spent 7 days in the wind and snow, cold and hungry.Afraid of being caught, the thief hid himself under a bed. 【考点四】考查-ed形容词和-ing形容词的区别-ed形容词，通常说明人，意为“(某人)感到”；-ing形容词通常说明事物，意为“(某事物)令人”或“令人的(事物)”。这样成对的形容词有：

15、interested /interesting; excited /exciting; frightened /frightening; surprised /surprising; pleased /pleasing; moved /moving; disappointed /disappointing等。Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents worried.It is believed that if a book is interesting, it

16、 will surely interest the reader. 注意：即使-ed形容词用以说明事物，那也是指与该事物相关的人；即使-ing形容词用以说明人，也是指此人具有该性质或特征。He told me the news in an excited voice. The man is interesting. 【考点五】考查形容词或副词的比较级和最高级形容词、副词比较级和最高级的常用句型名称结构例句相等 as+原级+asMiss Xu speaks English as fluently as you. as+原级+a/an+单数名词+as He is as honest a man a

17、s you .as many+名词复数+as；as much+不可数名词+as I have as many books as you. 倍数+ as+原级+ a This room is three times as large as that one. 不及 not as/so+原级+as This building looks not so (as) high as that one. less+原级+than This room is less beautiful than that one. 超过 比较级+than Health is more important than weal

18、th. the+比较级+of the two，表示“两者中较的一个” He is the taller of the two. 否定词+比较级 no+比较级+than，表示“两者都不” This book is no more interesting than that one. 再不过（可译为“非常，十分”） His work couldnt be worse. 程度递增 -er+and+-er，more and more+多音节词原级，表示“越来越” The weather is getting colder and colder.The girl becomes more and mor

19、e beautiful. 两种情况同时变化 the+比较级，the +比较级，表示“越，越” The harder he works, the happier he feels. 三者或三者以上比较 the+最高级+of/ in + 比较范围，表示“之中最” Of all things in the world, people are the most precious. 【考点六】考查形容词与副词区别（1）“名词+ly”构成的是形容词，而不是副词。这类形容词有friendly, lovely, weekly, monthly, daily等。（2）too much和much too的区别to

20、o much可以充当形容词，含义是“太多的”，后接不可数名词；充当副词用时，可用来修饰动词；充当代词用时，后面不接名词，代替上下文提到的事物。I have too much homework to do.Watching TV too much is bad for your health.You gave me too much.much too充当副词，意为“太”，在句中修饰形容词或副词。Its much too expensive. 【考点七】考查比较等级的修饰语用于比较级前 a lot, much, even, still, far, a great deal, rather, two

21、 years, 5%, twice, any（常用于否定句或疑问句中） etc. My deskmate is even fatter than me. many, a few (用于“more+可数名词复数”前) It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane. 用于最高级前 the very, much, by far, the first/second, etc. This cake is by far the largest in the world. 【难点一】考查likely, possible与probabl

22、e的辨析用恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确I am _ to be late for the film.It is _ for us to finish the work within three hours.It is _ that the headmaster will come to listen to our class.解析：likely常指从表面迹象来判断有可能，常用结构有：sb. / sth.+be+likely+to do sth.；It is likely+that-clause；possible表示客观上的可能性，常构成的结构有：It is possible (for

23、sb.) to do sth.；It is possible+that-clause；probable表示“可能发生或实现的”，比possible的可能性大。常构成的句型有： sth. is probable; It is probable + that-clause。综上分析可知，题填likely；题填possible；题填possible或probable。另外，likely还可用作定语形容词，意为“似乎合适的、有希望的”。She is the most likely girl to win the prize.她是最有希望得奖的女孩。 【难点二】考查形容词alive, lively, l

24、iving和live的辨析用恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确He is telling a very _ story.We found the snake _.The _ are more important to us than the dead.The fish is still _ .They are watching a _ television show now.解析：lively 有“活泼的，快活的，生动的”等意思，可以指人或物，可作定语或表语；但它没有“活着的”意思；alive、live、living都有“活的、有生命的”意思，但live通常只作前置定语，且一般用于动物；al

25、ive、living不仅可作定语（alive只能置于名词后；living置于名词前后均可），也可以作表语；只有alive可作宾语补足语；只有living前加the方可表示“活着的人”，作主语时，视作复数。所以，题填lively，题填alive，题填living，题alive和living均可，题填live。 【难点三】考查senior, junior, superior, inferior等词与to连用表示比较的概念用恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确Their watch is superior _ all the other watches on the market.He runs a

26、 lot faster _ I.解析：某些以-ior结尾的形容词不用比较形式却能表达比较概念，其后要接介词to。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（较好的，优于）、junior（资历较浅的）、senior（资格较老的）、prior（在之前）等。因此，题填to；题是比较级，填than。1. I have seldom seen my mother _ pleased with my progress as she is now.(2010全国)A. so B. very C. too D. rather解析：选A。考查形容词的平级比较。句意为：我很少看到妈妈像现在一样为我

27、的进步如此开心。题干中的关键词是as，结合句意可知，这里是形容词please的平级比较。2. Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been _.(2010全国)popular B. more popularC. most popular D. the most popular解析：选B。考查形容词的比较级。句意为：Black先生很高兴，因为他工厂生产的服装从没像现在这样受欢迎。否定比较级相当于肯定，类似的还有too, enough。3. It took us quite a lon

28、g time to get to the amusement park. It was _ journey. (2010上海)A. three hour B. a three-hours C. a three-hour D. three hours解析：选C。考查复合形容词。“三小时的路程”有两种表达方式：a three-hour journey和three hours journey。4. _, she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.(2010安徽)A. Shy and cautious

29、 B. Sensitive and thoughtfulC. Honest and confidentD. Lighthearted and optimistic解析：选D。考查形容词作状语。句意为：愉快与乐观的她，是那种通过微笑把阳光撒给他人的女士。 shy and cautious害羞而小心的；sensitive and thoughtful敏感而多虑的；honest and confident诚实而自信的；lighthearted and optimistic豁达而乐观的。5. Drunk driving, which was once a _ occurrence, is now un

30、der control.(2010福建)A. general B. frequent C. normal D. particular 解析：选B。考查形容词辨析。句意为：曾经一度常发事故的醉酒驾车现在已经被控制了。frequent频繁的；general一般的；normal正常的； particular特别的，特定的。6. In this lecture, I can only give you a purely _ view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future.(2010湖

31、北) A. private B. personal C. unique D. different解析：选B。考查形容词辨析。句意为：在这次演讲里，关于我们怎样尽情生活我只能给你（们）纯粹的个人观点，并就未来提一些建议。private私人的，私有的；personal个人的；unique唯一的，独特的；different不同的。7. Mistakes dont just happen; they occur for a reason. Find out the reason, and then making the mistake becomes _.(2010湖北)A. favourable B

32、. precious C. essential D. worthwhile解析：选D。考查形容词辨析。句意为：犯错并没有发生；犯错是有原因的。弄清楚犯错的原因，那么犯错就是值得的。favourable赞成的，有利的；precious宝贵的，贵重的；essential本质的，实质的；worthwhile值得做的。8. If I find someone who looks like the suspect, my _ reaction will be to tell the police.(2010湖北) A. physical B. immediate C. sensitive D. sudd

33、en解析：选B。考查形容词辨析。句意为：如果我发现某人看起来像嫌疑犯，我马上采取的行动就是告诉警察。physical身体的，物理的；immediate立即的；sensitive敏感的，灵敏的；sudden突然的，意外的。9. Computers and mobile phones, though they are indeed making our life _ and more _, have reduced the need for face-to-face communications.(2010江西)A. easily; efficient B. easier; efficientC.

34、 easy; efficiently D. easily; efficiently解析：选B。考查形容词的比较级。句意为：尽管计算机和手机确实使我们的生活变得更有效率了，但是也降低了面对面交流的需求。make +life+形容词，而且后面为比较级，符合语境。10. Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have _ schedules to make it easier to care for their children.(2010山东) A. heavy B. smooth C. flexible D. complex解析：选C。考查形容

35、词词义辨析。句意为：在外工作的母亲们应该有灵活的时间以便照看孩子们。表示“灵活的”用flexible 。heavy沉重的； smooth光滑的，滑顺的； complex复杂的，难懂的。11. Studies show that people are more _ to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours. (2010陕西) A. likely B. possible C. probable D. sure解析：选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：研究表明，如果总是长

36、时间地坐在电脑屏幕前，人的背部很有可能会出现毛病。所填词作表语，主语是人，表示“可能”的意思。12. The school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too _.(2010四川) A. small B. few C. large D. many解析：选C。考查形容词辨析。句意为：由于学生的数量增长过快，所以学校从市中心地区搬出来了。the number of 意为“的数量”，其后的形容词应为大小，不用多少。 10. Mothers holding jobs outside the home sho

37、uld have _ schedules to make it easier to care for their children.(2010山东) A. heavy B. smooth C. flexible D. complex解析：选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：在外工作的母亲们应该有灵活的时间以便照看孩子们。表示“灵活的”用flexible 。heavy沉重的； smooth光滑的，滑顺的； complex复杂的，难懂的。11. Studies show that people are more _ to suffer from back problems if they alway

38、s sit before computer screens for long hours. (2010陕西) A. likely B. possible C. probable D. sure解析：选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意为：研究表明，如果总是长时间地坐在电脑屏幕前，人的背部很有可能会出现毛病。所填词作表语，主语是人，表示“可能”的意思。12. The school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too _.(2010四川) A. small B. few C. large D. many解析：

39、选C。考查形容词辨析。句意为：由于学生的数量增长过快，所以学校从市中心地区搬出来了。the number of 意为“的数量”，其后的形容词应为大小，不用多少。 13. People have always been _ about exactly how life on earth began.(2010天津) A. curious B. excited C. anxious D. careful解析：选A。考查形容词的意义和用法。句意为：人们一直对地球生命的起源感到好奇。根据介词about后面宾语从句的意义，可以确定前面表示的是好奇，be curious about 对感到好奇。14. I

40、 have been convinced that the print media are usually more _ and more reliable than television.(2010浙江)A. accurate B. ridiculous C. urgentD. shallow 解析：选A。考查形容词辨析。句意为：我确信印刷的媒体材料比电视更精确、更加可靠。accurate精确的；ridiculous可笑的，滑稽的；urgent紧急的；shallow浅的，肤浅的。15. The island is _ attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.(2010全国) A. partly B. merely C. nearly D. equally 解析：选D。考查副词辨析。句意为：这个