2019-2020年高考英语一轮总复习第一部分教材知识梳理Unit3Lifeinthefuture练习新人教版必修

1、2019-2020年高考英语一轮总复习第一部分教材知识梳理Uni t3Lifei nthefuture练习新人教版必修一、阅读理解（共8小题；每小题2分，满分16分）AMary Moe may look like an average gran dmother.But she is no t.She just lear nedhow to fly an airplane,a dream she has had since she was a little girl.But Mary Moe could not find time to make her dream e true.At age

2、34,she was just too busy to think about flying a pla ne.Less ons were costly.Everyth ing seemed to be work ing aga inst Mary.Her dream had to wait.Mary Moe has done a lot duri ng the past 91 years.For much of that time,she wan ted to fly,but never had the chance until now.Ms Moe learned about Wish o

3、f a Lifetime,a non-profit organization.lts goal isto change the way our society thinks about aging and older adults.Sally Webster works for the group.She said Ms Moe s wishis one of hundreds they receive each year.Wish of a Lifetime helps older people to enjoy a dream.It also sends the message that

4、it is never too late for a dream.But MsWebster says it also wants to send another message to society that older America ns can achieve things just like youn ger America ns can.Susie Dan ick also believes in this goal.She foun ded TAD Relocati on,a bus in essthat helps senior citize ns whe n they mov

5、e.Ms Dan ick gave $5,000 to the Wish of aLifetime to help seniors realize a dream.Mary Moe was one of them.Mary Moereceived three flyingless on s.A nd on the big day of her first flight,herfamily and friends all came to cheer her on .Mary s success made every one aroundher excited and proud .It was

6、just a great even t,a great day.It is never too late to spread your wings and try something new.You are nevertoo old to try to make your dreams e true.Why was Mary Moe s dream difficult to e true?She had no eno ugh time and money in the past.She did nothing for flying less ons.No pilots were willi n

7、g to help her.Her family did not support her wish.What do we know about Wish of a Lifetime?lt can make much money every year.Ms Moe did much for its developme nt.It is popular with the young America ns.lt en courages many old adults to succeed.From Mary Moe s success,we can know she is .determ inedB

8、.stubbor nC.un realisticD.delicateWhat does the passage mainly tell us about?One should try to be successful whe n young.You are n ever too old to try to make your dreams e true.Old people should not be looked dow n upon.Flying lessons are more difficult to learn.【文章大意】本文是记叙文，讲述了一位91岁的老太太锲而不舍，努力实现飞行

9、梦想的故事。A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的But Mary Moe could not find time to make her dream e true. Lessons were costly. ”可知，她没有足够的时间和金钱去实现自己的飞行梦想。D 细节理解题。由第四段第一、二句 Wish of a Lifetime helps older people to enjoya drea m.It also sends the message that it is n ever too late for a dream.” 可看出 ,该组织的宗旨就是帮助老年人实现梦想，D项符合文意。A 推

10、理判断题。由第二段Mary Moehas done a lot during the past 91 years.For muchof that time,she wanted to fly.”可知，玛丽莫伊对儿时的梦想矢志不渝，是一位意志非常坚定的人。determ in ed 坚定的，决意的”；stubborn 顽强的；顽固的” ;unrealistic想象的，不切实际的” ；delicate优美的，优雅的”。B主旨大意题。最后一段点明主题：努力实现梦想永远不晚。故B项正确。BThe odd ness of life in space n ever quite goes away.Here

11、are some examples.First con sider someth ing as simple as sleep .Its positi on prese nts its own challe nges.The main questio n is whether you want your arms in side or outside the sleeping bag.If you leave your arms out,they float free in zero gravity,often givinga sleep ing astro naut the look of

12、a funny ballet（芭蕾）da ncer. “ I m an in sideguy,”Mike Hopkins says,who returned from a six-month tour on the InternationalSpace Station. “I like to be wrapped up. ”On the station,the ordinary bees strange.The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars.It also has no seat.With no grav

13、ity,it s just as easy to pedal violently.You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microputer anywhere you want.But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long.Without gravity to help circulate air,the carbon dioxide you exhale（呼气）has a tendency to form an invi

14、sible（隐形的）cloud around your head.You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.Leroy Chiao,54,an American retired astronaut after four flights,describes what happens even before you float out of your seat.“Your inner ear thinks yourefalling.Meanwhile your eyes are telling you yo

15、ure standing straight.That can beannoying that s why some people feel sick. ”Within a couple of days truly terrible days for some astronauts brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear,and space sickness disappears.Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly da

16、ngerous.For instance,astronauts lose bone mass.That s why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration（NASA）puts it right on the workday schedule.The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy

17、.NASA is worried about two things:recovery time once astronauts return home,and more importantly,how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to Mars.（xx 湖北高考）What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space?Decid

18、ing on a proper sleep position.Choosing a fortable sleeping bag.Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly.D.Finding a right time to go to sleep.The astro nauts will suffer from a carb on-dioxide headache whe nthey circle around on their bikesthey use microputers without a stopthey exercise in one place f

19、or a long timethey watch a movie while pedali ng3.Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few daysbecause.their sen ses stop work ingthey have to sta nd up straightthey float out of their seats un expectedlytheir brains receive con tradictory messages4.0ne of NASA s major concerns

20、about astronauts is.how much exercise they do on the stati onhow they can rema in healthy for long in spacewhether they can recover after retur ning homewhether they are able to go back to the stati on【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，作者通过举例介绍在太空中生活是什么样的。A 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句Its position prese nts its own challe nges.”以及下文

21、的介绍可知，应选A项。C 细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第三句和最后一句You can end up with whatastr on auts call a carb on-dioxide headache. ”可知应选C 项。D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的Your inn er ear thi nks you re falli ng.Mea nwhileyour eyes are telling you you re standing straight.That can be annoying that swhy some people feel sick. ”可知应选 D 项。B 细节理解题

22、。根据第五段最后一句NASA is worried about two things.how tomai ntai n.to Mars.”可知应选 B 项。二、语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)Rene Laennec was a French doctor who learned to tap on people s chests to find out illness from an Austrian doctor 1.(name) Leopold Auenbrugger.As a boy,Leopoldused to tap wine containers in his

23、fathers inn to see how much wine they held.Afull one made a different sound 2.an empty one.When he became a doctor,hetapped people s chests to see how much liquid was in their lungs.Laennec did 3.same and learned to tell by tapping carefully on a chest 4.it was diseasedor not.But he was even more in

24、terested in diseases of the heart,and he wished thathe could hear heartbeats 5.(clear) .In those days,a doctor would place hishead on a patient s chest to listen,but if the patient was extremely fat it was6.(possible) to hear any heartbeat at all.One day when Laennec was walking in the park,he saw s

25、ome girls7.(play)with a see-saw( 跷跷板).One of them scratched the end of the boardwhile the othersplaced their ears aga inst the other end.On walk ing up,the doctor 8.(ask)why the sounds traveled along the wood.The sounds are magni fied(大),girls,er.” Suddenly he turned and rushed back to the hospital.

26、Quickly takingsome thick paper,he rolled it up like a tube and 9.(begi n) liste ning topatie nts chests.He heard the heartbeats and their breath in g.Lae nnec soon made abetter instrumentof wood,10.he called a stethoscope.Later,they were madeof steel and rubber.（xx 山东济宁一模）1.namedo空前的doctor是name的动作承受

27、者，应用过去分词表示动宾关系，故填named.2. from。different from.“不同于”。3. the 。 same必须与定冠词the连用。4. whether。空后是 telling的宾语从句，由it was diseased or not ”可知，应填表是 否”含义的连词。clearly 。此处应用副词修饰动词hear,故填clearly 。impossible 。根据前文的but可知，这里是语意的转折，应表示太胖而不可能听到心脏的跳动”。故填 impossible 。playing 。see sb.doing 看到某人正在做某事”，为固定搭配。was asked。 doct

28、or是ask的动作承受者，再联系上下文语境可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态,故填 was asked 。began。 begin与前文的rolled 是并列的谓语动词，应用过去式began。10. one/which。此处是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少called的宾语，应用which引导；或者填one作wood的同位语，后跟省略了引导词that的定语从句。Part B一、完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）One day an old man and his son were going with their don key to market.As they walked th

29、rough a village,the man was1 the don key and the boy was walk ingbeh ind.A coun tryma n said the old man was a2 for not ridi ng,so he3 up onthe animal s back.Soon they passed a group of men,one of whom said the old man was4 to letthe child walk while he5 the ride.Heari ng this,he got off and6 the bo

30、yon the animal s back.But they hadn t gone far when people 7 the child of being lazy for making the old manwalk,and the 8 was made that they both ride.9 ,theman climbed on and they set off10.By the time they had e to the tow n,the passers-by all took11 on thedon key.Some were even 12 about the cruel

31、ty to the don key because he was made to carry two people.13 ,the discouraged man and his son were see n14 thedon key on their shoulders down the road.Trying to 15every one is impossible,a nd will result in16 to satisfyanyone.lf you re trying to17 all the expectatio ns that crowd in on you frompeopl

32、e and societyat large you ll end up carrying a 18 burden because you renot livi ng the19 you want to,and you ll necessarily not20 to meet allthe pet ing dema nds.1.A.drivi ngB.leadi ngC.trai ningD.ridi ng2.A.pi on eerB.pilotC.foolD.loser3.A.flewB.restedC.marchedD.climbed4.A.cruelB.generousC.fairD.en

33、ergetic5.A.avoidedB.enjoyedC.delayedD.shared6.A.fittedB.distributedC.seatedD.fixed7.A.excusedB.mistookC.punishedD.accused8.A.conclusionB.suggestionC.agreementD.impression9.A.BesidesB.OtherwiseC.ThereforeD.However10.A.thoughB.tooC.yetD.again11.A.pityB.protectionC.prideD.risk12.A.carefulB.angryC.famil

34、iarD.excited13.A.NormallyB.ActuallyC.FinallyD.Secretly14.A.slidingB.decoratingC.savingD.carrying15.A.persuadeB.pleaseCfortD.trust16.A.failureB.successC.fearD.attempt17.A.look down on B.get down toC.put up withD.live up to18.A.heavyB.selfishC.weakD.simpleB.wayA.lifestatusD.growthA.decideB.promiseC.ma

35、nageD.intend【文章大意】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述一对父子和驴子的故事告知我们 , 我们不可 能取悦每一个人 , 试图取悦每一个人结果只能是人人都不满意 , 而自己却背上了沉重的负担。B 由“ the boy was walking behind ”以及下文中的“ not riding ”可推断 , 老人在前面 牵着驴。 lead “牵引 ,引领”符合语境。C 句意 : 一位乡下人说道 , 放着驴子不骑 , 这位老人真是傻瓜 (fool)!pioneer “先锋 ; 拓荒 者” ;pilot “飞行员” ;loser “失败者 , 输家”。D 由前句内容和下段第二句“ Hear

36、ing this,he got off. ”可知 , 此处表示这位老人爬 到了驴背上，应选D项。A 句意:其中一个人说道 ,这位老人太残忍了 ,他让孩子步行而自己却骑驴享受。cruel “残忍的 ， 残酷的” ;generous “慷慨的 ， 大方的” ;fair “公平的 ， 公正 的” ;energetic “精力充沛的”。A 项符合语境。B avoid “避免” ;enjoy “享受 ， 享用” ;delay “推迟 ， 耽搁” ;share “共享”。 B 项符合 语境。C此处指让儿子骑坐在驴背上，seat “使坐下,使落座”符合文意。fit “安装,使适应” ;distribute

37、“分发 ， 分配” ;fix “使固定 ， 安装”。D句意：但是他们没走多远,就有人指责这孩子懒惰,因为他让一位老人步行。excuse “原 谅, 饶恕” ;mistake “弄错 , 误解” ;punish “惩罚” ;accuse “指责 , 谴责”。 accuse sb.of doing sth. “指责某人做某事”。B 后面 that 引导的同位语从句使用了虚拟语气 , 故选择 B 项。 conclusion “结 论” ;suggestion “建议” ;agreement “协议” ;impression “印象”。C 老人骑上了驴背是因为人们 (对孩子)的指责和建议 ,此处上下文

38、为因果关系 ,应选择 C 项。D这里指“他们又出发了”。 again “又,再一次”符合语境。A 根据下文中的“ the cruelty to the donkey ”可知 , 所有的路人都对驴子表示同情。take/have pity on “同情，怜悯”。A项符合语境。B 由空后的about the cruelty to the donkey项“愤怒的”符合文意。可知，此处应选带有贬义色彩的词,BC句意：最后，人们看到泄气的老人和儿子扛着驴子沿路走去。本文讲述的故事是按时间顺序写的，相继运用了 One day,Soon,hadn t.when.,By the time等时间标志词，此处应用F

39、inally,C项正确。D 由“ on their shoulders”推知应选D项，表示“扛在肩上”。slide “使滑动，滑落” ；decorate “装饰”；save “保存，储蓄,拯救”。B 后文中的satisfy 提示答案为B项。persuade “说服”；please “使满意” ；fort “安 慰” ;trust “信任”。A 由上文中的impossible 可知，此处应选择表示否定含义的A项。D look down on/upon “看不起，瞧不起” ;get down to “开始认真做” ;put up with “忍受，忍耐” ;live up to “符合，不辜负”。

40、live up to all the expectations“符合各种期望,满足各种期望”。A要迎合每个人的期望，自然是“沉重的负担” ,A项符合语境。A上文提到“你将会背上一个沉重的负担”，所以这里指“你过的不是你理想中的生活”。live a.life “过的生活”。C decide “决定” ；promise “许诺” ；manage 设法完成” ；intend “打算 ,意欲”。此处表示“不能满足各种相互矛盾的需求”,manage侧重行为的结果，符合语境。二、七选五阅读填空（共5小题；每小题2 分,满分10分）Almost every one has experie need some

41、 form of road rage while drivi ng.While most people are able to recover from their an ger quickly,i n some situati on s,itcan turndeadly. 1 Here is your guide to deali ng with road rage.Breathe deeply. 2Focus ing on your breath ing brings your atte nti on in wardand makes frustrationsseem more remov

42、ed,without taking your focus too far away fromthe road.Man age your time wisely.3Orga nizing your schedule so you can leaveearlier,a nd pla nning for traffic route,ca n leave you feeli ng more relaxed becauseit really won t matter as much if thetrip takes a few extra minutes.Keep en terta ined in tr

43、affic.Gett ing stuck in traffic can be so frustrati ng as you watch the clock tick away and waste valuable time.Make the most of these moments in the car by listening to audio books or educational material,many of which canbe dow nl oaded for free from the iTunes store.45 When you start to experie n

44、ee feeli ngs of rage,drive your car to the sideof the road and regain your sanity.Taking revenge on or hurting other drivers mayseem logical while in the heat of the moment but can result in tragedy,so clear your head.Yell it out.It is importa nt to recog nize the symptoms and address them quickly.P

45、ull over to calm dow n.Ofte n, drivers are more likely to get angry whe n they are running late.Breath ing exercises can get your blood more oxyge nated and release yourtension.However,surfi ng the web on your pho ne or read ing a book is not safe.Put the cell pho ne dow n so you can focus on the ro

46、ad ahead of you.【文章大意】本文为说明文，向驾驶员介绍了避免出现路怒症的四种方法。B根据空前“在某些情况下，路怒症可能是致命的”和空后“下面是路怒症应对指南”可知,B项顺承上下文。B项意为“认清路怒症的症状并尽快予以解决是非常重要的”。E E项中的“ Breathing exercises ”与第二段主题句“ Breathe deeply. ”吻合 ，应选择E项。D第三段介绍了明智安排行驶时间的重要性，D项“迟到更可能致驾驶员动怒”与之相关。F前文提到遇到交通堵塞时可以采用“听”的娱乐方式来打发时光,F项继而提示“看”的方式不安全，前后构成内容上的衔接；另外，“on your

47、phone”对应空前的“ iTunesstore ” ，故选F项。C 由“ drive your car to the side of the road and regain your sanity ”和“ so clearyour head ”可看出，“Pull over to calm down”概括了本段含义，应选择C项。三、短文改错（满分10分）Dear Man ager，I am Li Hua,a customer of your travel agency.Last week,when follow your travel agency to travel to Beijing,I

48、 find some problems that dissatisfied me.I am writing to draw my attention to them.To begin with,the guide was not friend to the visitors,which made bad impression on me.Beside,some tourist attractions were inconsistent with those were advertised by your travel agency.Also,so poor was the acmodation

49、 that all the tourists plained about it.Lastly,we were asked to spend too many time in shopping,which made all the tourists disappointing and angry.I hope you will consider the problems below and try to make improvements.In this way,I believe your travel agency will attract more and more tourists.Th

50、ank you for your consideration.Yours faithfully,Li Hua第2句：follow tfollowing 。“ when分词”为省略了主语和be动词的状语从句,且follow 这个动作是由主语 I 来执行的 , 两者之间为主谓关系 , 故改为 following 。第2句：find tfound。描述的是上周发生的事 ，应用过去式found。第3句：myr your。此处指引起收信人的注意，应用第二人称的物主代词your。第 4 句:friend r friendly。固定搭配 be friendly to sb.对某人友好”。第4句：在made后

51、加a。make a bad impression on sb. 为固定搭配，意为给某人留下 不好的印象”。第5句:Beside r Besides 。 beside为介词，意为在旁边” ;besides 既是介词又是副词 ， 作副词用表示递进关系 ， 意为“而且 ， 此外”。第 5 句 ： 删除 those 后的 were 或者在 those 后加 which 或 that 。此处表示“一些景点与 你们旅行社的广告宣传并不相符”。有两种改法 ： 一是删除 those 后的 were， 让 advertised 所在的过去分词短语修饰 those; 二是在 those 后加关系代词 which

52、或 that， 构成定语从句修 饰 those 。第7句:manyr much。time为不可数名词，而many修饰可数名词，故将many改为mucho第 7 句 ：disappointingrdisappointed 。 disappointing 意为“令人失望的” ;disappointed “感到失望的”。此处指游客们感到很失望 ， 应用过去分词。第8句：below r above。此处指上文中提到的问题，应改为above。2019-2020年高考英语一轮总复习第一部分教材知识梳理Uni t3TheMillio nPou ndBa nkNote练习新人教版必修一、阅读理解（共8小题；每

53、小题2分，满分16分）AGenetically modified （转基因的）foods have bee a focus point of agriculturethroughout the n ews today.This has an effect on many differe nt aspects of the agriculture world.From the seed dealer,to the farmer that buys the seed,to the workers that the farmer sells gra ins to,all are affected b

54、y the new tech no logies that are in volved in this part of product ion agriculture.Gen etically modified foods have e un der heavy fire lately.There are some coun tries that are aga inst buying these types of foods.They are being tested for safety by the best scientific experts in Europe,the USand

55、the rest of the world.They are not for sale un tilthey have gone throughthis plete safety process.S ince theyare new products,andany slight problem with them could affect a whole country,thesetests are very n ecessary.These safety tests are carried out because of the new rules that were made with th

56、e Novel Foods Regulatio n.Begun in May of 1997,the Novel Foods Regulation set up an EU-wide pre-market system for all novel foods.A novel food is described as one that has not been eaten by EUconsumers widely in the past.By setting up this program the EU hopes to keep its con sumers safe from any po

57、ssible side effects of any new food products.There are a variety of ways in which gen etic modificatio n has helped food producers.They can improve the nu triti onal value or the storage con diti ons of the food.Today there are only two geneticallymodified foods that have been allowed for usethese a

58、re GM soybea n and GM maize.Despite any safety checks,ma ny people are still cautious about eat inggen etically modified foods.By providi ng these people with the n ecessaryin formati on,we can allow them to make decisi ons about these foods.（xx 安徽江淮十校”联考）What do we know about the no vel food?It s v

59、ery popular in EU.It s bad for people s health.It s a new kind of food.Its story has bee n published.Ge netically modified foods are allowed to be sold if they are.tested for safetyB.of high qualityC.more nu triti onalD.grow n in EuropeFrom Paragraph 2,we can lear n that gen etically modified foods.

60、do no harm to peoplehave caused some problemsare well received after being testedare criticized and attacked by many peopleWhat s the writer s attitude towards genetically modified foods?We should warn people that they are too dan gerous to be eate n.We should give people information about them so t