考研考博-英语-桂林医学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-桂林医学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Inrecentyearstherehasbeenmuchtalkofa“renaissance”inAmericanmanufacturing.Afewthingsseemedtobeonthesideofthemakers.Forinstance,untilrecentlythedollarwasweak,Americanwageswerestagnant,butthoseinChinawerebooming.Cheapshaleoilandgasgavefactoriesaboost.Butaswearguedrecently,talkingofarenaissanceisoverblown.Andfewfigure,releasedtoday,addtothemountingpileofevidencesayingthatmanufacturinggrowthisstartingtoslow.

WearguedbeforethatalthoughtherehasbeenarecoveryinAmericanmanufacturinginrecentyears,itisnotasustainableone.Employmentinthesectorisstilllowerthanbeforethecrash.Soisoneimportantmeasureofoutput:realvalueadded.Inshort,Americahasnotgotbetteratproducingstuff.

Also,muchoftherecoveryinAmericanmanufacturingseemstobebasedonacyclicalboomin“durable”goods—thingsthatyouexpecttolastalongtime,likecarsandfridges.Duringtherecession,ordersfordurablegoodsplunged.That’sbecauseitisquiteeasytoputoffsuchpurchases.Bycontrast,itismoredifficulttoputoffpurchasesofnon-durablegoods,likemedicines,becausepeopletendtoconsumethemmorefrequently.

Aftertherecession,productionofdurablegoodssoared.Cheapcredit,forinstance,spurreddemandfornewmotorsandrapidgrowthincar-making.Thatsectoraccountedforoverathirdofthedurablegrowthfrom2009to2013.Yetarecoverybasedonafewdurableindustriesisunsustainable.Thisisbecausewhenpent-updemandissatisfied,afewbigindustrieswillsuffer.Overalloutputislikelytostall.

Newdataconfirmthisprediction.Ordersfordurablegoodsfellby1.4%inFebruary.Motor-vehicleordersfellby0.5%.Itispossiblethattherecentbadweatherhashadaneffecthere.Butitmaybeasignofsomethingmoretroubling.AseconomistsatCapitalEconomics,aconsultancy,argue,“themoregeneralmalaisestartedbackintheautumnoflastyear.Indeed,coreordershavenowfallenineverymonthsincelastOctober.”

Inrecentmonths,non-durablegoodshavealsofallenquiterapidly.Whatexplainsallthis?Theobviousculpritisthestrongdollar.Becauseitmakesmanufacturingexports(whichaccountforroughlyhalfofAmerica’stotal)moreexpensive.Alternatively,itmaybebecauseconsumersarestartingtopullbackonspending.InJanuary,consumercreditgrewattheslowestpaceinoverayear,accordingtorecentdatafromtheFederalReserve.Inrecentmonthsconsumerconfidencehasdroppedabit.Andcompaniesmaynotbesoconfident,either,andarethusnotinthemoodtoaddtocapitalstock,saysStevenRicchiutoofMizuhoSecurities,aninvestmentbank.ThisdoesnotbodewellforAmericanmanufacturingor,indeed,foreconomicgrowthoverall.

1.WhatdoestheauthorsayabouttherecoveryinAmericanmanufacturing?

2.Inwhatsense“durable”goodscannotboostsustainableeconomicgrowth?

3.HowcanweunderstandtheremarksofeconomistsatCapitalEconomics?

4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

5.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardstheoutlookofAmericamanufacturing?

问题1选项

A.Itmaybeputtoanendsoon.

B.Itismerelyanillusion.

C.Itisabouncebeforebreakdown.

D.Itlacksessentialsupport.

问题2选项

A.Theyarenotfast-consumeddailynecessities.

B.Theytendtobeinfluencedbybankingpolicy.

C.Ordersforthemareeasilytobecancelled.

D.Industriesofthemmaybelesssustainable.

问题3选项

A.Ordersfordurablegoodsareaffectedbybadweatherindeed.

B.Decreaseofordersfordurablegoodsiscausedbydiseasespread.

C.Slumpofdurablegoodsindustriesstartedearlierthanthought.

D.Thenewdatamaynothaverevealedtherealityoftheindustries.

问题4选项

A.ThestrongdollarmakesAmericanproductslessattractive.

B.Consumersarenotwillingtospendmoreondurablegoods.

C.Companiesdarenotacceptthecapitalinvestmentfrombanks.

D.Theconditionsofgeneraleconomicgrowtharenotpresent.

问题5选项

A.Quiteconfident.

B.Fairlyanxious.

C.Abitconfused.

D.Verypessimistic.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。第二段“WearguedbeforethatalthoughtherehasbeenarecoveryinAmericanmanufacturinginrecentyears,itisnotasustainableone.我们之前认为，尽管美国制造业近年来出现了复苏，但这不是可持续的。”可知美国制造业的复苏可能会很快结束。故A项正确。

2.推理判断题。由第四段“Yetarecoverybasedonafewdurableindustriesisunsustainable.Thisisbecausewhenpent-updemandissatisfied,afewbigindustrieswillsuffer.Overalloutputislikelytostall.然而，建立在少数可持续产业基础上的复苏是不可持续的。这是因为，当被压抑的需求得到满足时，一些大型行业将会遭殃。总产出可能会停滞。”

3.推理判断题。由第五段“AseconomistsatCapitalEconomics,aconsultancy,argue,‘themoregeneralmalaisestartedbackintheautumnoflastyear.Indeed,coreordershavenowfallenineverymonthsincelastOctober.’正如咨询公司CapitalEconomics的经济学家所言，‘更大范围的低靡从去年秋天开始。事实上，自去年10月以来，核心订单逐月下降。’”可知耐用产品产业的衰落比想象中要开始得早。故C项正确。

4.推理判断题。由最后一段“Theobviousculpritisthestrongdollar.Becauseitmakesmanufacturingexports(whichaccountforroughlyhalfofAmerica’stotal)moreexpensive.罪魁祸首显然是美元走强。因为它使得制造业出口（约占美国出口总额的一半）更加昂贵。”可知A项“强势美元降低了美国产品的吸引力”正确。

5.观点态度题。由最后一段“ThisdoesnotbodewellforAmericanmanufacturingor,indeed,foreconomicgrowthoverall.这对美国制造业，甚至整个经济增长来说都不是好兆头。”可知作者对美国制造业的态度是非常担忧的。故B项正确。

2.单选题

Aconcert（

）willbeheldnextweek

问题1选项

A.inwhichMozart'sworksaretobeperformed

B.whichperformsMozart'sworks

C.performsMozart'sworks

D.thatMozart'sworkswillbeperformed

【答案】A

【解析】句意:下周将举行一场演奏莫扎特作品的音乐会。

语法题。考查定语从句。分析题干跟选项可知,Aconcert为句子主语,willbeheld为谓语动词。所以空格处是一个限制性定语从句。排除C项。先行词为concert,所以空格处应该包含介词in.故选A。

3.单选题

Animportantpropertyofascientifictheoryisitsabilitytospurfurtherresearchandfurtherthinkingaboutaparticulartopic.

问题1选项

A.renovate

B.advocate

C.arouse

D.stimulate

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。spur意为“鞭策，激励，刺激”；renovate意为“翻新，修复，整修”；advocate意为“提倡”；arouse意为“引起”；stimulate意为“促进，激励，刺激”。

句意：科学理论的一个重要特性是它能够激励对某一特定主题的进一步研究和思考。

4.单选题

Atsometimeinyourlifeyoumayhaveastrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible.However,chancesarethatyoudon’tactonyourimpulse,butletitpassinstead.Youknowthattocommittheactioniswronginsomewayandthatotherpeoplewillnotacceptyourbehavior.

Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudesonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime.Topicssuchasdeath,forexample,wereonceconsideredsoupsettingandunpleasantthatitwasatabootoeventalkaboutthem.NowwiththepublicationofimportantbookssuchasOnDeathandDyingandLearningtoSayGoodbye,peoplehavebecomemoreawareoftheimportanceofexpressingfeelingsaboutdeathand,asaresult,aremorewillingtotalkaboutthistaboosubject.

OneofthenewesttaboosinAmericansocietyisthetopicoffat.Unlikemanyothertaboos,fatistopicthatAmericanstalkaboutconstantly.It’snottaboototalkaboutfat;it’stabootobefat.The“in”lookisthin,notfat.Intheworkworld,mostcompaniespreferyouthful-looking,trimexecutivestoselltheirimageaswellastheirproductstothepublic.Thethinlookisassociatedwithyouth,vigor,andsuccess.Thefatperson,ontheotherhand,isthoughtofaslazyandlackinginenergy,self-discipline,andself-respect.Inanimage-conscioussocietyliketheU.S.,thinis“in”,fatis“out”.

It’snotsurprising,then,thatmillionsofAmericanshavebecomeobsessedwithstayingslimand“inshape”.Thepursuitofayouthfulphysicalappearanceisnot,however,thesolereasonforAmerica’sfascinationwithdietandexercise.Recentresearchhasshownthecriticalimportanceofdietandexerciseforpersonalhealth.Asinmosttechnologicallydevelopednations,thelife-styleofNorthAmericanshaschangeddramaticallyduringthecourseofthelastcentury.Modernmachinesdoallthephysicallaborthatpeoplewereonceforcedtodobyhand.Carsandbusestransportusquicklyfrompointtopoint.Asaresultofinactivityanddisuse,people’sbodiescaneasilybecomeweakandvulnerabletodisease.Inanefforttoavoidsuchafate,millionsofAmericansarespendingmoreoftheirtimeexercising.

66.Fromthepassagewecaninfertaboois______.

67.Basedontheideaspresentedinthepassagewecanconclude“beingfat”_______inAmericansociety.

68.Thetopicoffatis______manyothertaboosubjects.

69.IntheU.S.,thinis“in”,fatis“out”,thismeans______.

70.Apartfromthisnewunderstandingofthecorrelationbetweenhealthandexercise,themainreasonthepassagegivesforwhysomanyAmericansareexercisingregularlyis______.

问题1选项

A.astrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible

B.acrimecommittedonimpulse

C.behaviorconsideredunacceptableinsociety’seyes

D.anunfavorableimpressionleftonotherpeople

问题2选项

A.willalwaysremainataboo

B.isnotconsideredataboobymostpeople

C.haslongbeenataboo

D.maynolongerbeataboosomeday

问题3选项

A.thesameas

B.differentfrom

C.morepopularthan

D.lessoftentalkedaboutthan

问题4选项

A.thinis“inside”,fatis“outside”

B.thinis“diligent”,fatis“lazy”

C.thinis“youthful”,fatis“spiritless”

D.thinis“fashionable”,fatis“unfashionable”

问题5选项

A.theirchangedlife-style

B.theireagernesstostaythinandyouthful

C.theirappreciationoftheimportanceofexercise

D.theencouragementtheyhavereceivedfromtheircompanies

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】66.推理判断题。题干意思是“从文章中我们可以推断禁忌是……”。根据第二段第一句Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudesonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime.（也许关于禁忌行为现象最有趣的事情是它是如何在同一社会中随着时间的推移而改变的，某些曾经被认为是禁忌的行为和态度是如何在另一个时间点变得完全可接受和自然的）可知，某些曾经被认为是禁忌的行为和态度在另一个时间点变得完全可接受和自然的，那么可以推断禁忌是不可以被接受的一种行为，所以C项“被社会认为是不可接受的行为”正确。A项“想要做一些奇怪或可怕的事情的强烈欲望”是干扰项，在第一段中有原话Atsometimeinyourlifeyoumayhaveastrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible.（在你生命中的某些时候，你可能有强烈的欲望去做一些奇怪或可怕的事情），这是为了引出禁忌行为这个话题，不是禁忌的推断结果，所以A项不选；B项“冲动而犯的罪行”，文中没有提到罪行；D项“给别人留下不好的印象”太广泛，不能准确表述禁忌的含义。因此，该题选择C项正确。

67.推理判断题。题干意思是“根据文章中提出的观点，我们可以得出推断‘变得肥胖’在美国社会是……”。第二段第一句指出Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudesonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime.（也许关于禁忌行为现象最有趣的事情是它是如何在同一社会中随着时间的推移而改变的，某些曾经被认为是禁忌的行为和态度是如何在另一个时间点变得完全可接受和自然的），可知禁忌行为在某一天可以变得能够接受；接着第三段讨论到了美国社会的肥胖问题，根据第三段第三句It’snottaboototalkaboutfat;it’stabootobefat.（谈论肥胖并不是禁忌，变得肥胖才是禁忌）可知变得肥胖在美国社会是一个禁忌，那么根据这两处可以推断，变得肥胖在美国社会中虽然是一个不可接受的禁忌行为，但是在某个时间点可能会变得可以接受，所以D项“在将来某一天可能不再是一个禁忌”符合题意。A项“将永远是一个禁忌”不符合原文；第三段第一句提到OneofthenewesttaboosinAmericansocietyisthetopicoffat.（关于肥胖的话题是美国社会最新的禁忌之一），B项“不被大多数人认为是禁忌”表述错误；C项“长期以来一直是禁忌”错误，文中提到肥胖是美国社会最新的禁忌，所以不可能长期以来都是。因此，该题选择D项正确。

68.细节事实题。题干意思是“关于肥胖的话题与许多其他禁忌话题相比，是……”。第三段第二句提到Unlikemanyothertaboos,fatistopicthatAmericanstalkaboutconstantly.（不像其他的禁忌，肥胖是美国人经常谈论的话题）可知，肥胖的话题不同于其他禁忌话题，所以B项“不同的”正确。A项“一样的”和D项“不常被讨论的”表述与原文相反；C项“更受欢迎的”为干扰项，文中指出禁忌是人们不能接受的行为，所以不可能会受到欢迎。因此，该题选择B项正确。

69.推理判断题。题干意思是“在美国，瘦是‘in’，胖是‘out’，这句话的意思是……”。根据第三段第五句Intheworkworld,mostcompaniespreferyouthful-looking,trimexecutivestoselltheirimageaswellastheirproductstothepublic.（在工作中，大多数公司更喜欢年轻、苗条的主管来向公众推销自己的形象和产品）和最后一句Inanimage-conscioussocietyliketheU.S.,thinis“in”,fatis“out”.（在像美国这样注重形象的社会里，瘦是“in”，胖是“out”）可知，在注重形象的美国社会，瘦的人才可以向大众推销形象和产品，那么可以推断瘦在美国代表时髦，而胖则是过时，所以D项“瘦是‘时尚’，胖是‘不时尚’”正确。A项“瘦是‘内’，胖是‘外’”不符合原文意思；B项“瘦是‘勤奋’，胖是‘懒惰’”文中没有提到瘦是勤奋；C项“瘦是‘年轻’，胖是‘无精打采’”为干扰项，第三段虽然提到Thethinlookisassociatedwithyouth,vigor,andsuccess.Thefatperson,ontheotherhand,isthoughtofaslazyandlackinginenergy,self-discipline,andself-respect.（瘦削的外表与年轻、活力和成功联系在一起。另一方面，胖人被认为懒惰、缺乏活力、自律和自尊。），但是C项表述比较片面。因此，该题选择D项正确。

70.细节事实题。题干意思是“除了对健康和锻炼之间的关系有了新的理解，这篇文章给出的为什么这么多美国人经常锻炼的主要原因是……”。在文章最后两句提到Asaresultofinactivityanddisuse,people’sbodiescaneasilybecomeweakandvulnerabletodisease.Inanefforttoavoidsuchafate,millionsofAmericansarespendingmoreoftheirtimeexercising.（由于不活动，人们的身体很容易变得虚弱和容易得病。为了避免这样的命运，数百万美国人把更多的时间花在锻炼上。），由此可知，美国人花时间锻炼的原因是为了保持健康，即他们认识到锻炼的重要性，所以C项“他们对锻炼重要性的认识”符合题意。A项“他们生活方式的改变”是现代机器取代体力劳动的结果；B项“他们对保持苗条和青春的渴望”是美国人想要变瘦的原因，因为瘦代表着时髦；D项“他们从公司得到的鼓励”最后一段没有提到。因此，该题选择B项正确。

5.单选题

Ididn'tsayanythinglikethatatall.Youarepurposely（）myideastoproveyourpoint.

问题1选项

A.revising

B.distorting

C.distracting

D.contradicting

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。revise“修订”；distort“扭曲”;distract“转移，分心”；contradict“反驳，否定”。根据Ididn’tsayanythinglikethatatall“我根本没有说过那样的话”可知“为了证明你的观点，将我的想法扭曲了”符合语境，因此选项B符合题意。

6.单选题

Launchingpeopleintospacemaymakeheadlinesbutitdoeslittleusefulscience.SowhenGeorgeBushredirectedAmerica’sspaceagency,NASA,awayfromscientificresearchandtowardsamannedreturntothemoonin2004,manyscientistsweredisappointed.Nowtheagencyhasfinallyofferedsomesmallmorselsofcomfortintheformoffourprojectsthatcouldaccompanyeffortsforalunarreturn.

Themostexcitingoftheseistheplanforaradiotelescopethatcouldbeplacedonthefarsideofthemoon.Suchadevicewouldlookbackattheearlyuniversetothetimewhenlarge-scalestructuressuchasgalaxiesandstarsformed.Alunar-basedradiotelescopewouldbeabletodetectlongwavelengthsthatcannotbesensedonEarthbecausetheyareabsorbedbytheoutermostlayersoftheplanet’satmosphere.Moreoverbypointingthetelescopeawayfromthedinofshorter-wavelengthradiowavesthatareusedforcommunicationonEarth,astrophysicistswouldbeabletoseetheearlyuniverseinunprecedenteddetail.

Findingalienlifemightalsobepossiblewithsuchatelescope.Itwouldbeabletomapthemagneticfieldsofstarsandexoplanets(planetsthatcirclestarsoutsidethesolarsystem).ItisthemagneticfieldoftheEarththatprotectsitsinhabitantsfrombeingbombardedbyhigh-energyparticlesfromspacethatwouldotherwiseleavetheplanetsterile.DetectingamagneticfieldsurroundinganEarth-likeexoplanetwouldproveapromisingsignforfindingextraterrestriallife.Theproposal,ledbyJosephLazio,oftheNavalResearchLaboratoryinWashington,DC,istocreateanarrayofthreearmsarrangedinaY-shape,eachofwhichwouldbe500meterslongandcontain16antennae.Eacharmwouldbemadeofaplasticfilmthatcouldberolledoutontothesurfaceofthemoon,eitherbyrobotsorbyastronauts.

Asecondproject,headedbyMichaelCollier,oftheNASAGoddardSpaceFlightCentre,wouldexaminehowthesolarwind—astreamofchargedparticlesejectedfromthesun—interactswiththetenuouslunaratmosphereclosetothemoon’ssurface.Suchbombardmentproduceslow-energyX-raysthatwouldbedetectedonthesurfaceofthemoon.ThethirdandfourthprojectsaresimilarbothtoeachotherandtoearlierventuresdroppedonthemoonbytheApolloandtheSovietLunamissionsinthelate1960sand1970s.Some35yearson,reflectorsplacedonthelunarsurfacearestillusedbyscientistsinterestedingeophysicsandgeodesy(forexample,howthemoon’sgravitationalfieldshiftsovertime).Mostofthereflectorsareclusteredclosetothelunarequator.Theproposals,ledbyStephenMerkowitz,alsoofNASA’sGoddardSpaceFlightCentre,andDouglasCurrie,oftheUniversityofMaryland,aretosprinklesomemoresophisticatedversionsovermoreofthemoon’ssurface.

SucheffortsmayattractlittleattentioncomparedwiththelaunchofthespaceshuttleEndeavourthisweek.Nevertheless,whenNASAarguesthatputtingpeopleintospaceinspiresyoungpeopletostudyscience,itispreciselytheseendeavorsthatitwishestoencourage.

51.By“Launchingpeopleintospacemaymakeheadlinesbutitdoeslittleusefulscience”(Line1,Paragraph1),theauthormeans______.

52.Themostdistinctivefeatureofalunar-basedradiotelescopementionedinthesecondparagraphisthat______.

53.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthefournewmoonplans?

54.WhichofthefollowingisNOTafeatureofthelasttwoprojectsdiscussedinthefourthparagraph?

55.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree?

问题1选项

A.Launchingpeopleintospaceisveryimportant

B.Newspaperonlycaresaboutwhetherhumanscantravelintospace

C.Humans’traveltooutsidespaceisagainstscientificrules

D.Launchingpeopleintospaceisnotofgreatscientificvalue

问题2选项

A.itisabletocapturelongwavelengths

B.itpossessesbetterfunctionsthanthetelescopesonearth

C.itcanescapefromthemagneticfieldoftheEarth

D.itcandetectallgalaxiesintheuniverse

问题3选项

A.Objective

B.Affirmative

C.Carefree

D.Panicked

问题4选项

A.Thetwoprojectsareoflessimportancethantheothertwo.

B.Thetwoplansareofsimilaritywitheachother.

C.Thepurposeoftheplansistoaddsomeequipmentonthemoon.

D.Theseplansarecontinuanceofpreviousstudiescarriedoutdecadeago.

问题5选项

A.Theradiotelescopewillbeabletofindextraterrestriallife.

B.ThesecondprojectfocusesontheinteractionbetweensolarwindandEarthatmosphere.

C.JosephLazio’sproposalispartoftheradiotelescopeproject.

D.ThefourprojectsarecloselyrelatedtotherecentlylaunchedspaceshuttleEndeavour.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】51.推理判断题。题干意思是“第一段第一行通过说‘Launchingpeopleintospacemaymakeheadlinesbutitdoeslittleusefulscience’，作者的意思是……”。根据题干定位到文章第一行，Launchingpeopleintospacemaymakeheadlinesbutitdoeslittleusefulscience.（把人送入太空可能会成为头条新闻，但它对科学没有什么用处），可以推断，把人送入太空对科学没什么价值，故D项“将人送入太空没有很大的科学价值”正确。A项“把人送入太空是非常重要的”和C项“人类到外太空旅行是违反科学规则的”与文章不符；B项“报纸只关心人类是否能进入太空”该段没有提到。因此，该题选择D项正确。

52.细节事实题。题干意思是“第二段提到的基于月球的射电望远镜最显著的特点是……”。根据第二段第三句Alunar-basedradiotelescopewouldbeabletodetectlongwavelengthsthatcannotbesensedonEarthbecausetheyareabsorbedbytheoutermostlayersoftheplanet’satmosphere.（设在月球上的射电望远镜将能够探测到地球上无法探测到的长波，因为它们被地球大气层的最外层所吸收）可知，A项“它能够捕获长波长”正确。B项“它比地球上的望远镜有更好的功能”，文中没有对这两个进行比较；C项“它可以逃离地球的磁场”文中没有提及；D项“它可以探测到宇宙中的所有星系”表述太夸张。因此，该题选择A项正确。

53.观点态度题。题干意思是“作者对四个新的月球计划有什么看法？”。文中提到了四个计划是在第一段最后Nowtheagencyhasfinallyofferedsomesmallmorselsofcomfortintheformoffourprojectsthatcouldaccompanyeffortsforalunarreturn.（现在，宇航局终于提供了一些小安慰，以四个项目的形式，努力重返月球），接着作者第二段就描述了自己的看法，第一句提到Themostexcitingoftheseistheplanforaradiotelescopethatcouldbeplacedonthefarsideofthemoon.（其中最令人兴奋的是一个可以放置在月球背面的射电望远镜计划），可以看出作者的态度是肯定的，故B项“肯定”正确。A项“客观”、C项“无忧无虑”和D项“惊慌失措”都不够准确。因此，该题选择B项正确。

54.细节事实题。题干意思是“下列哪项不是第四段所讨论的最后两个项目的特征？”。根据题干我们定位到第四段，第三句提到Thethirdandfourthprojectsaresimilarbothtoeachother（第三和第四个项目彼此相似）可知，B项“这两个计划很相似”正确；最后一句提到Theproposals,ledbyStephenMerkowitz,alsoofNASA’sGoddardSpaceFlightCentre,andDouglasCurrie,oftheUniversityofMaryland,aretosprinklesomemoresophisticatedversionsovermoreofthemoon’ssurface.（这项提议由同样来自美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心的StephenMerkowitz和马里兰大学的DouglasCurrie指导，他们打算在月球表面的更多地方安装一些尖端反射器）可知，C项“计划的目的是在月球上增加一些设备”正确；同时，最后两个项目同样是由美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心的研究员指导，所以可以推断D项“这些计划是十年前先前的研究的延续”也符合原文；只有A项“这两个项目不如另外两个重要”在文中没有提到。因此，该题选择A项正确。

55.细节判断题。题干意思是“作者可能同意下列哪一项？”。由第三段第四句DetectingamagneticfieldsurroundinganEarth-likeexoplanetwouldproveapromisingsignforfindingextraterrestriallife.（探测到一颗类似地球的系外行星周围的磁场将证明是发现外星生命的一个有希望的迹象）可推断，射电望远镜有希望能够发现外星生命的迹象，A项“这台射电望远镜将能够发现外星生命”太绝对；根据第四段第一句Asecondproject,headedbyMichaelCollier,oftheNASAGoddardSpaceFlightCentre,wouldexaminehowthesolarwind—astreamofchargedparticlesejectedfromthesun—interactswiththetenuouslunaratmosphereclosetothemoon’ssurface.（第二个项目由美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心的MichaelCollier领导，将研究太阳风——从太阳喷射出来的带电粒子流——如何与月球表面附近稀薄的月球大气层相互作用）可知，第二个项目研究的是太阳风与月球大气层之间的相互作用，B项“第二个项目主要研究太阳风与地球大气之间的相互作用”错误；第三段提到了射电望远镜的提议人，Theproposal,ledbyJosephLazio,oftheNavalResearchLaboratoryinWashington,DC（由华盛顿海军研究实验室的JosephLazio领导的这项提议），由此可知C项“JosephLazio的提议是射电望远镜项目的一部分”符合原文；文章第一句就指出Launchingpeopleintospacemaymakeheadlinesbutitdoeslittleusefulscience.（把人送入太空可能会成为头条新闻，但它对科学没有什么用处）可知，本周发射的奋进号航天飞机对科学并没有什么用处，所以D项“这四个项目与最近发射的奋进号航天飞机密切相关”不正确。因此，该题选择C项正确。

7.单选题

PerhapsthebestWashingtoncandoistoremindtheKremlinofthelikelygeopoliticalrepercussionsofanaggressive,nucleararmedIran.

问题1选项

A.insatiabation

B.replication

C.ionization

D.reverberation

【答案】D

【解析】考查近义名词辨析。A选项insatiabation不存在；B选项replication“复制；回答”；C选项ionization“电离；游离；离子化；电离作用”；D选项reverberation“混响；反射；反响；回响”。句意：或许华盛顿能做的最好的事情就是提醒克里姆林宫，一个咄咄逼人、拥有核武器的伊朗可能会产生地缘政治影响。repercussions“反响，影响”，D选项与该词词意最相近，因此D选项正确。

8.单选题

Eventhoughstrongevidencehasprovedthenicotinetobe（

）,thetobaccocompanystillinsiststhatitsproductsareharmless.

问题1选项

A.soluble

B.deficient

C.addictive

D.skeptical

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。soluble“可溶解的；可解决的”；deficient“不足的；有缺陷的”；addictive“使人上瘾的”；skeptical“怀疑的”。句意：尽管有力的证据已经证明尼古丁能让人上瘾，但是烟草公司仍然坚持它是无害的。选项C符合题意。

9.单选题

Ifthiskindoffishbecomes（）,futuregenerationsmaynevertasteitatall.

问题1选项

A.minimum

B.short

C.seldom

D.scarce

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项minimum“最小化（一般指数据之类的）”，B选项short“短的；短小的”，C选项seldom“很少；不常（一般指频率）”，D选项scarce“稀少的，稀缺的”；原句意思是说如果这种鱼变得稀缺……，其余选项代入均不符合题意，因此D选项符合题意。句意为：如果这种鱼变得稀缺，未来的几代人可能再也吃不到它了。

10.翻译题

每逢新年，人们往往要定新年决心（NewYearresolutions）。这是很多人下决心改变旧习惯、适应新的学习和生活方式的时刻。新年决心像其他很多时尚一样，说起来简单做起来难。通过艰苦工作和坚持不懈，把自己的目标、梦想、决心和远大期望变成现实真不是容易的事情。像其他目标和计划一样,新年决心只是口头宣言，如果没有行动和决心来支撑，则毫无意义。

【答案】WhenNewYearisaroundthecorner,peopletendtomakeNewYearresolutions.It’samomentmanypeopleresolvetochangeoldhabitsandadapttonewwaysoflearningandlife.Newyearresolutions,likemanyothertrends,areeasiersaidthandone.Thehardpartisimplementation:Bringingintents,dreams,resolutionsandloftyexpectationstorealitythroughhardworkandpersistenceisfarmoredifficult.Theresolutions,likemanyotheraimsandobjectives,arejustverbaldeclarationsthatwouldn’tmatter,unlesswhenbackedwithactionanddetermination.

11.填空题

TheoriginofcontemporarysociologicalreferencestosocialstructurecanbetracedtoEmileDurkheim,whoarguedthatpartsofsocietyareinterdependentandthatthisinterdependencyimposesstructureforthebehaviorofinstitutions

A

B

C

D

andtheirmembers.

【答案】Dfor改为on

【解析】【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】imposesth.onsb./sth.意思为“把……强加于……”，此题正确用法为imposestructureonthebehavior。

【句意】当代社会学对社会结构可以追溯到埃米尔•迪尔凯姆，他认为社会的各个部分相互依赖的，这种相互依赖将结构强加在机构及其成员的行为。

12.单选题

Iamoneofthemanycitypeoplewhoarealwayssayingthatgiventhechoice,wewouldprefertoliveinthecountryawayfromthedirtandnoiseofalargecity.Ihavemanagedtoconvincemyselfthatifitweren’tformyjobIwouldimmediatelyheadoutfortheopenspacesandgobacktonatureinsomesleepyvillageburiedinthecountry.Buthowrealisticisthedream?

Citiescanbefrighteningplaces.Themajorityofthepopulationliveinmassivetowerblocks,noisy,dirtyandimpersonal.Thesenseofbelongingtoacommunitytendstodisappearwhenyoulivefifteenfloorsup.Allyoucanseefromyourwindowissky,orotherblocksofflats.Childrenbecomeaggressiveandnervous—coopedupathomeallday,withnowheretoplay;theirmothersfeelisolatedfromtherestoftheworld.Strangelyenough,whereasinthepasttheinhabitantsofonestreetallkneweachother,nowadayspeopleonthesamefloorintowerblocksdon’tevensayhellotoeachother.

Countrylife,ontheotherhand,differsfromthiskindofisolatedexistenceinthatasenseofcommunitygenerallybindstheinhabitantsofsmallvillages