考研考博-英语-同济大学考试押题三合一+答案详解篇_第1页
考研考博-英语-同济大学考试押题三合一+答案详解篇_第2页
考研考博-英语-同济大学考试押题三合一+答案详解篇_第3页
考研考博-英语-同济大学考试押题三合一+答案详解篇_第4页
考研考博-英语-同济大学考试押题三合一+答案详解篇_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩438页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-同济大学考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Hehadscarcelylefttherailwaystation_______itstartedtorain.

问题1选项

A.than

B.then

C.when

D.since

【答案】C

【解析】scarcelywhen为固定用法,表示"一...就..."。句意:他一离开火车站就开始下起了雨。选项C正确。

2.单选题

Thoughtheycamefrom______socialbackgrounds,thenewlymarriedcouplesharednumerousinterestsandfeelings.

问题1选项

A.desultory

B.obsolete

C.malleable

D.disparate

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.desultory漫无目的的;无条理的B.obsolete淘汰的;废弃的

C.malleable可锻造的;易受影响(或改变)的D.disparate由不同的人(或事物)组成的;迥然不同的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】根据though可知,此处为让步语气,根据主句的句意“但这对新婚夫妇有许多共同的兴趣和感情”可推知,______socialbackgrounds表示“不同的社会背景”。因此,该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。

【句意】虽然他们来自不同的社会背景,但这对新婚夫妇有许多共同的兴趣和感情。

3.单选题

Anambulancemusthavepriorityasitusuallyhastodealwithsomekindof().

问题1选项

A.crisis

B.urgency

C.emergency

D.emergence

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项想crisis“危机;危险期”;B选项urgency“紧急;催促”;C选项emergency“紧急情况;突发事件”;D选项emergence“出现;发生;露头”。句意:救护车必须有优先权,因为它通常要处理一些……。救护车需要处理的是一些紧急情况或突发事件,C选项符合句意。

4.单选题

Birdmigrationisoneofthemostinterestingyetleastunderstoodnaturalphenomena.Everyfallbirdsfromnorthernlatitudesflyingroupstothewarmersouthernlatitudesandthenreturnnorthinthespring.Scientistsagreeonthemainreasonsformigration:tofollowthefoodsupplyandtoavoidharshclimateconditions.Forexample,insectsdisappearduringthecoldmonths,promptinginsect-dependentbirdstoflysouthtowarmareaswhereinsectsbreed.Nosimilarconsensushasemerged,however,abouthowbirdsareabletonavigate.Despitemanyrecentexperiments,birdexpertsstilldonotknowhowbirdsarriveatthesamedestinationeveryyearandthenfindtheirwaybackhomeinthespring.

Somehavesuggestedthatbirdsfindtheirwaybyfollowinglandmarks,suchasriversandmountainranges.Experimentshaveconfirmedthatsomespeciesdofollowsuchtopographicfeatures.Butthatmethodcannotexplainhowsomebirdstravelatnight.Otherstudiesshowthatsomenocturnalbirdsnavigatebythestars.Butthatexplanationcannotexplaindaytimemigrationortravelwhentheskiesarecloudy.

ThemostpopularexplanationcurrentlyisthatbirdsareguidedbyEarth’smagneticpoles.Themechanismbywhichthatworkshasnotyetbeenproved.Onetheorypointstothefactthatsomebirds’brainscontainmagnetite,anaturallyoccurringmagneticcompoundconsistingofironoxide.Magnetite

hasbeenfoundinmanyanimals,includingbirds.Withmagnetsembeddedintheirbrains,birdswouldbeabletosensethemagneticfieldsoftheNorthandSouthPoles.

Arecentexperimentwithhomingpigeonsprovidedsomeevidencethatmagnetitedoesplayacrucialroleinmigration.Homingpigeonsareknowntohavetheabilitytoreturntotheirhomesafterbeingtakenhundredsofmilesaway.Researchersfoundthattheycouldtrainhomingpigeonstorecognizechangesinamagneticfield.Whenasurroundingmagneticfieldwasnormal,thebirdswouldgatheratoneendofacage.Butwhenthefield’spolaritywasaltered,theyhoppedtotheotherend,suggestingthattheyweredetectingandrespondingtochangesinthemagneticfield.

Anothertheoryhasbeenofferedtoexplainthissensitivitytomagneticpoles,atheorythatdrawsuponquantummechanics,whichisthestudyofhowparticlesmoveinsideanatom.Itreliesonthefactthatelectronscomeinpairsthatorbitthenucleusofanatom.Thetwoelectronsspininoppositedirections,creatingtwomagnetsthatneutralizeeachother.Butwhenmoleculessplitandreactwithothermoleculestoformcompounds,theelectronpairsmaynolongerspininoppositedirections.Instead,theymayrepeleachother,aswhentwonorthendsofmagnetsarepressedtogether.Theelectronsstruggletochangedirectioninordertoachieveastablestateinwhichthetwoelectronsagainneutralizeeachother,givingoffnomagneticfield.

Thetheoryisthatthesedisturbedelectronpairsarecreatedinbirdswhentheyareexposedtochangesinlight.ThebirdscansensetheeffortsoftheelectronsintryingtoreachaconditionofstabilitybecauseoftheslightchangesinthepulloftheNorthandSouthPoles.Inthisway,thebirdscandetectthedirectionofthepoleswhiletheyareinflight.

Inoneexperimenttoconfirmthiseffect,agroupofEuropeanrobinsweretrickedbyartificiallighttobelievethatitwastimeforspringmigration.Thebirdsbecameeagertoflynorth.Thechangesinlighttriggeredtheelectron-pairmovementdescribedabove,exposingtherobinstothemagneticfieldaccompanyingtheelectronpairs.Thebirdsbecamedisorientedandflewinalldirections.Thesimulatedmagneticfieldsweremuchtooweaktobedetectedbythebirds’naturalmagnetite,suggestingtotheexperimentersthattheelectronpairs,notthemagnetite,wereresponsibleforthebirds’confusedflying.

Thecurrentview,therefore,isthatlightplaysanimportantroleinguidingbirdmigration.Thismaybewhybirdsturntheirheadsfromsidetosidebeforeflyingoff.Theireyesarecollectingthesurroundinglight,whichinturnallowsthemtoprocessandanalyzetheexistingmagneticfieldsandtokeepthemselvespointedintherightdirection.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,insectsinfluencebirdmigrationinwhichofthefollowingways?

2.AccordingtoParagraph3,birdscandetectthemagneticfieldsoftheNorthandSouthPolesbecause(

).

3.TheauthordiscusseshomingpigeonsinParagraph4inorderto(

).

4.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretheoriesabouthowbirdsnavigateexcept:

5.Accordingtothepassage,theauthormentionsallofthefollowingaboutelectronsexcept:

问题1选项

A.Insectsgenerateamagneticfieldthatbirdscandetect.

B.Insectsprovideafoodsupplythatexistsonlyinwarmclimates.

C.Birdsfollowthepathstakenbyflyinginsects.

D.Birdsknowwhentomigratebyasuddenincreaseininsectpopulation.

问题2选项

A.theysensethemotionofelectronpairs

B.theycanlocatethepolesbyfollowinglandmarks

C.theyingestmetalparticlesthatareattractedbythepoles

D.theyhavemagnetiteintheirbrains

问题3选项

A.provideanexampleofhowhumanscantrainbirds

B.describeanexperimentshowingtheimportanceofmagnetite

C.showthathomingpigeonsreturnhomebyfollowinglandmarks

D.reporthomingpigeons,behaviorinsideacage

问题4选项

A.Theyfollowlandmarkslikeriversandmountains.

B.Theyareguidedbytheirpositionrelativetothestars.

C.Theyfeelvibrationsinnerveendingsintheirbrains.

D.Theyrespondtochangesinlight.

问题5选项

A.Changesinlightcauseelectronpairstochangethedirectionoftheirspin.

B.Magnetitecontainselectronsthatrepeleachother.

C.Electronsthatspininoppositedirectionsneutralizeeachother.

D.Thenucleusofanatomisorbitedbyelectronpairs.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.文章第一段第三句提到鸟类迁徙的主要原因是为了获取食物和躲避不利的气候,并举了昆虫的例子来说明食物对鸟类的迁徙有重大作用。选项B符合题意。

2.文章第三段最后一句提到鸟类的大脑里有磁体,所以它们可以感应南极跟北极的磁极磁场。选项D符合题意。

3.文章第四段第一句提到了关于信鸽的实验,主要说明了磁性在迁徙过程中起到了重要的作用。选项B符合题意。

4.文章第二段第一句somehavesuggestedthatbirdsfindtheirwaybyfollowinglandmarks,suchasriversandmountainranges,排除选项A;第二段第四句otherstudiesshowthatsomenocturnalbirdsnavigatebystars,排除选项B;第六段第一句thetheoryisthatthesedisturbedelectronpairsarecreatedinbirdswhentheyareexposedtochangesinlight,排除D选项。选项C符合题意。

5.文章第五段第二句electronscomeinpairsthatorbitthenucleusofanatom,排除选项D;第五段第三句Thetwoelectronsspininoppositedirections,creatingtwomagnetsthatneutralizeeachother,排除选项C;第六段第一句thetheoryisthatthesedisturbedelectronpairsarecreatedinbirdswhentheyareexposedtochangesinlight,排除选项A。选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

Thesuspect()thathehadnotbeenintheneighborhoodatthetimeofthecrime.

问题1选项

A.advocated

B.alleged

C.addressed

D.announced

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项advocate“提倡,拥护”,B项allege“宣称,断言”,C项address“设法解决,致辞”,D项announce“宣布”。根据句子意思“嫌疑犯()说案发时他不在附近”可知,空格部分填入allege最符合句意。句意:嫌疑犯声称案发时他不在附近。因此,该题选择B项正确。

6.单选题

Thetigercontinuedto(

)usbywalkingroundandroundourtent.

问题1选项

A.trap

B.transplant

C.menace

D.provoke

【答案】C

【解析】trap诱骗,设陷阱;transplant移植;menace威胁,恐吓;provoke激怒,煽动。句意:老虎围绕着帐篷转来转去,继续威胁着我们。选项C符合句意。

7.单选题

Overthepastdecade,Americancompanieshavetriedhardtofindwaystodiscourageseniormanagersfromfeatheringtheirownnestsattheexpenseoftheirshareholders.Thethreemostpopularreformshavebeenrecruitingmoreoutsidedirectorsinordertomakeboardsmoreindependent,linkingbossespaytovariousperformancemeasures,andgivingbossesshareoptions,sothattheyhavethesamelong-terminterestsastheirshareholders.

ThesereformshavebeenwidelyadoptedbyAmerica’slargercompanies,andsurveyssuggestthatmanymorecompaniesarethinkingoffollowingtheirlead.Buthavetheydoneanygood?ThreepaperspresentedattheannualmeetingoftheAcademyofManagementinBostonthisweeksuggestnot.

Startwiththoseindependentboards.Onthefaceofit,dismissingtheboss’sfriendsfromtheboardandreplacingthemwithoutsiderslooksaperfectwaytomakeseniormanagersmoreaccountable.ButthatisnottheconclusionofastudybyProfessorJamesWestphal.Instead,hefoundthatbosseswithaboardroomfullofoutsidersspendmuchoftheirtimebuildingalliances,doingpersonalfavorsandgenerallypleasingtheoutsiders.

Alltoooften,theseseductionssucceed.Mr.Westphalfoundthat,toaremarkabledegree,“independent”boardspursuestrategiesthatarelikelytofavorseniormanagersratherthanshareholders.Suchcompaniesdiversifytheirbusiness,increasethepayofexecutivesandweakenthelinkbetweenpayandperformance.

Toassesstheimpactofperformance-relatedpay,Mr.Westphalaskedthebossesof103companieswithsalesofover$1billionwhatmeasurementswereusedtodeterminetheirpay.Themeasurementsvariedwidely,rangingfromsalestoearningspershare.Buttheresearcher’sbigdiscoverywasthatbossesattendtomeasuresthataffecttheirownincomesandignoreorplaydownotherfactorsthataffectacompany’soverallsuccess.

Inshort,bossesarequicktoturneveryimaginablesystemofcorporategovernmenttotheiradvantage一whichisprobablywhytheyarethepeoplewhoareputinchargeofthings.Hereisaparadoxforthemanagementtheorists:anybosswhocannotbeatasystemdesignedtokeephimundercontrolisprobablynotworthhaving.

1.Whatisthepurposeofthelargecompaniesinrecruitingoutsidersandputtingthemontheboardofdirectors?

2.WhatdoesProfessorJamesWestphal’sstudysuggest?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheeffortstocontrolseniorexecutives?

问题1选项

A.Todiversifythebusinessofcorporation.

B.Toenhancethecooperationbetweentheseniormanagersandtheboarddirectors.

C.Tointroduceeffectivereformsinbusinessmanagement.

D.toprotecttheinterestsoftheshareholders.

问题2选项

A.Boardroomreformshavefailedtoachievethedesiredresult.

B.Outsideboarddirectorstendtobemoreindependent.

C.Withaboardroomfullofoutsiders,seniormanagersworkmoreconscientiously.

D.Cooperationbetweenseniormanagersandboarddirectorssufferedfromthereforms.

问题3选项

A.Corporateexecutivesingeneralareworththehighpaytheyreceive.

B.Theincomeofcorporateexecutivesisproportionaltothegrowthofcorporateprofits.

C.Corporateexecutivestendtotakeadvantageoftheirpositiontoenrichthemselves.

D.Theperformanceofcorporateexecutivesaffectstheirowninterestsmorethanthoseoftheshareholders.

问题4选项

A.Doubtful.

B.Optimistic.

C.Positive.

D.Approving.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.Whatisthepurposeofthelargecompaniesinrecruitingoutsidersandputtingthemontheboardofdirectors?1.大企业把外来者招进董事会的目的是什么?

A.Todiversifythebusinessofcorporation.A.使公司业务多样化。

B.Toenhancethecooperationbetweentheseniormanagersandtheboarddirectors.B.加强高级管理人员与董事会之间的合作。

C.Tointroduceeffectivereformsinbusinessmanagement.C.对企业管理进行有效改革。

D.Toprotecttheinterestsoftheshareholders.D.保护股东利益。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第一段的内容“美国公司一直在努力寻找方法来阻止高级管理人员以牺牲股东利益为代价来牟取私利。最受欢迎的三项改革是:招募更多的外部董事以使董事会更加独立……”,可知,招募外来者进董事会的目的是阻止高级管理人员以牺牲股东利益为代价来牟取私利,即保护股东的利益,D项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“使公司业务多样化”是韦斯特法尔的研究发现,与题干无关,属于张冠李戴;

B项“加强高级管理人员与董事会之间的合作”根据解题思路可知,该项曲解原文;

C项“对企业管理进行有效改革”,根据第二段最后两句“但这些改革真的有效吗?本周在波士顿召开的管理学会年会上提交的三篇论文表明,答案是否定的。”可知,把外来者招进董事会的这种改革是没有作用的,该项属于反向干扰。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.WhatdoesProfessorJamesWestphal’sstudysuggest?2.詹姆斯•韦斯特法尔教授的研究表明了什么?

A.Boardroomreformshavefailedtoachievethedesiredresult.A.董事会改革未能达到预期效果。

B.Outsideboarddirectorstendtobemoreindependent.B.外部董事往往更独立。

C.Withaboardroomfullofoutsiders,seniormanagersworkmoreconscientiously.C.在董事会里挤满了局外人的情况下,高级经理们工作起来会更加认真。

D.Cooperationbetweenseniormanagersandboarddirectorssufferedfromthereforms.D.高层管理人员和董事会之间的合作受到了改革的影响。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据关键词ProfessorJamesWestphal定位到第三段,最后一句提到“JamesWestphal教授发现董事会里全是外部人士的老板们花了很多时间来建立联盟,牟取私利,以及取悦外部人士”,潜在意思是说,董事会改革并没有达到预期效果。选项A符合原文。

【干扰项排除】

B项“外部董事往往更独立”和D项“高层管理人员和董事会之间的合作受到了改革的影响”没有体现,属于无中生有;

C项“在董事会里挤满了局外人的情况下,高级经理们工作起来会更加认真”,根据第三段第二和第三句“从表面上,将老板的心腹赶出董事会,并由外部人士取代他们,似乎是让高级管理人员更负责任的完美方法。但这并不是JamesWestphal教授的一项研究的结论。”可知,该项并不是詹姆斯•韦斯特法尔教授的研究结果,该项属于反向干扰。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?3.下列哪一项是正确的?

A.Corporateexecutivesingeneralareworththehighpaytheyreceive.A.一般来说,公司高管们的高薪是值得的。

B.Theincomeofcorporateexecutivesisproportionaltothegrowthofcorporateprofits.B.公司高管的收入与公司利润的增长成正比。

C.Corporateexecutivestendtotakeadvantageoftheirpositiontoenrichthemselves.C.公司高管们往往利用他们的职位来牟利。

D.Theperformanceofcorporateexecutivesaffectstheirowninterestsmorethanthoseoftheshareholders.D.公司高管的业绩对其自身利益的影响大于对股东利益的影响。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据第三段最后一句“董事会里全是外部人士的老板们花了很多时间来建立联盟,牟取私利,以及取悦外部人士”可推断,公司高管利用自己的职位之便来取悦外部人士,以牟取私利,C项“公司高管们往往利用他们的职位来牟利”符合题意。故该题选择C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“一般来说,公司高管们的高薪是值得的”,根据第四段最后一句“这类公司将业务多元化,增加高管薪酬,并削弱薪酬与业绩之间的联系(increasethepayofexecutivesandweakenthelinkbetweenpayandperformance)”可知,董事会改革削弱了薪酬和业绩之间的关系,虽然高管薪酬增加了,但可以推断,高管并不值得这么高的薪酬,该项属于反向干扰;

B项“公司高管的收入与公司利润的增长成正比”,原文中没有提到公司利润和公司高管收入的比较,属于无中生有;

D项“公司高管的业绩对其自身利益的影响大于对股东利益的影响”文中也没有提到,无中生有。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.Howdoestheauthorfeelabouttheeffortstocontrolseniorexecutives?4.作者如何看待控制高级管理人员的努力?

A.Doubtful.A.怀疑的。

B.Optimistic.B.乐观的。

C.Positive.C.积极的。

D.Approving.D.赞许的。

【考查点】观点态度题。

【解题思路】通读全文可知,作者所述的三项改革举措并未收到预期的效果,反而适得其反,事与愿违,由此我们可以判断作者对其最终的结果显然持怀疑的态度,所以A项“怀疑的”正确。

【干扰项排除】B项“乐观的”、C项“积极的”和D项“赞许的”根据解题思路可知,属于反向干扰。

8.单选题

Itisannouncedthatawallethasbeenfoundandcanbe(

)atthemanager’soffice.

问题1选项

A.declared

B.obtained

C.reclaimed

D.recognized

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。declare“申报,宣布”;obtain“获得,得到”;reclaim“取回,开拓”;recognize“承认,识别”。句意:通知上说钱包已经被找到并且可以在经理办公室领回。选项C符合题意。

9.单选题

Livingwitharoommate(

)constraintonher—shecouldn’tplayhertrumpetorhave

partieslateatnight.

问题1选项

A.imposed

B.illustrated

C.impressed

D.left

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。impose“强加”,imposeon意为“强加于……”;illustrate“阐明,解释说明,图解”,后一般接动词by;impress“给予某人深刻印象”,impresson意为“给……留下印象”;left“留下,离开”。句意:和室友住在一起使她很拘束——她不能吹喇叭,也不能在深夜参加聚会。选项A更符合语境,表示无形中施加的一种压力。

10.翻译题

ReadthefollowingParagraphcarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese.

Theperiodofadolescence,i.e.,theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort,dependingonsocialexpectationsandonsociety’sdefinitionastowhatconstitutesmaturityandadulthood.Inprimitivesocietiesadolescenceisfrequentlyarelativelyshortperiodoftime,whileinindustrialsocietieswithpatternsofprolongededucationcoupledwithlawsagainstchildlabor,theperiodofadolescenceismuchlongerandmayincludemostoftheseconddecadeofone’slife.Furthermore,thelengthoftheadolescentperiodandthedefinitionofadulthoodstatusmaychangeinagivensocietyassocialandeconomicconditionschange.Examplesofthistypeofchangearethedisappearanceofthefrontierinthelatterpartofthe19thcenturyintheUnitedStates,andmoreuniversally,theindustrializationofanagriculturalsociety.

【答案】青春期,即从童年到成年之间的这段时期,可能很长,也可能很短,这取决于社会的期望和社会对什么是成熟和成年的定义。在原始社会,青春期往往是相对较短的一段时间,而在人们受教育时间较长的工业社会,再加上反对童工的法律,青春期的时间要长得多,可能包括人生第二个十年的大部分时间。此外,随着社会和经济条件的变化,在特定社会中,青春期的长度和成年身份的定义可能会发生变化。这类变化的例子如:19世纪后半叶美国边疆的消失,更普遍的是农业社会的工业化。

11.单选题

Barryhadanadvantageoverhismother(

)hecouldspeakFrench.

问题1选项

A.sincethat

B.inthat

C.atthat

D.sothat

【答案】B

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项sincethat“从那以后”;B选项inthat“因为,在于”;C选项atthat“而且,因此”;D选项sothat“以便”。根据逻辑关系可知空格后面表示的是原因,因此选B。句意:Barry比他妈妈有优势,因为他会讲法语。

12.单选题

WhenthetimeforJane’s(

)came,therewasgreatsorrowinthehousehold.

问题1选项

A.separation

B.departure

C.depression

D.expedition

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“离别,分别”;B选项“离开,出发”;C选项“沮丧,不景气”;D选项“远征,探险队”。句意:当时间到(),整个家庭都陷入到一种沉重的悲伤中。一般亲人启程去某个地方就会产生悲伤,所以答案选B。A选项后面应该填人,或者主语为复数,所以不选。

13.翻译题

Anotherinnovationwillmakethosehard-to-rememberpasswordsobsolete.Soon,inordertoaccessoure-mailorbankaccount,we’lluseatechnologyknownasbiometrics.Atinysensorcouldconfirmyouridentitybyrecognizingtheuniquepatternsintheretinaofyoureye.“Imaginethatthingsrecognizeyou,”Meyersonsays.“YouwalkuptoanATM.Ittakesonelookatyouandsays,‘Yep,you’reyou.’”Withinfiveyears,it’spossiblewe’llnolongerbeinundatedwithjunkmail,becauseanewelectronicdevicewilldeleteitbeforeweeverseeit.“Thatdevice,asyouactuponit,asyoueliminatemail,youdon’treadit,youjustlookatitandkillit,”Meyersonsays,“afterawhileitlearnsyourhabitsandworksasyourassistantbyeliminatingstuffyouneverwantedanyway.Weanticipatethat,infiveyears,betterthan80percentofcoverageoftheworldpopulationsbycellularphonesandsmartphones.Atthispoint,imaginehaving,forinstance,theabilitytospeakopenlywithanybodyanywhere,anytimeandinanylanguage,real-timetranslation—literallytheoldStarTrekideaofauniversaltranslatorcomingtobe.”

【答案】答:

另一项科技创新将让那些难记的密码消失。不久,我们将能用一种被称为生物辨识的科技进入电邮信箱或银行帐号。这种小型的传感可以通过识别你独有的视网膜来确认你的身份。梅尔森说:“想象一下这个小东西记得你。你走到一个提款机,传感器看了你一眼说,‘嘿,我知道你是谁。’”在5年内,我们将不会再被垃圾邮件淹没,因为一个新的电子装置将在我们看到垃圾邮件前就把它删掉了。梅尔森说:“打开此装置,在你删邮件的时候,你不用读邮件,你只要看它一眼然后删掉。如此过一阵子,这个装置就把你的习惯学起来,就像你的助理一样帮你删掉你不想看的邮件。我们预期5年内世界超过80%人口将拥有移动电话和智能手机。到时,想象一下,比如,我们可以随时随地与说任意一种语言的人讲话,这种实时翻译的能力不就是《星际迷航》的宇宙翻译者的概念!”

14.单选题

Hisideasareinvariablycondemnedas()byhiscolleagues.

问题1选项

A.imaginative

B.ingenious

C.impractical

D.theoretical

【答案】C

【解析】句意:他的想法总是被同事们认为()。condemn意为“谴责,反对”,表明其后的形容词应为贬义词。A选项imaginative想象的,虚构的;B选项ingenious聪明的,精巧的;C选项impractical不切实际的,不实用的;D选项theoretical理论上的。C选项impractical符合句意和逻辑。

15.单选题

ForseveraldaysIsawlittleofMr.Rochester.Inthemorningheseemedmuchoccupiedwithbusiness,andintheafternoongentlemenfromtheneighborhoodcalledandsometimesstayedtodinewithhim.Whenhisfootwaswellenough,herodeoutagreatdeal.

Duringthistime,allmyknowledgeofhimwaslimitedtooccasionalmeetingsaboutthehouse,whenhewouldsometimespassmecoldly,andsometimesbowandsmile.Hischangesofmannerdidnotoffendme,becauseIsawthatIhadnothingtodowiththecauseofthem.

Oneevening,severaldayslater,IwasinvitedtotalktoMr.Rochesterafterdinner.Hewassittinginhisarmchair,andlookednotquitesosevere,andmuchlessgloomy.Therewasasmileonhislips,andhiseyeswerebright,probablywithwine.AsIwaslookingathim,hesuddenlyturned,andaskedme,“DoyouthinkI'mhandsome,MissEyre?”

TheanswersomehowslippedfrommytonguebeforeIrealizedit:“No,sir.”

“Ah,youreallyareunusual!Youareaquietseriouslittleperson,butyoucanbealmostrude.”

“Sir,I’msorry.Ishouldhavesaidthatbeautydoesn’tmatter,orsomethinglikethat.”

“No,youshouldn’t!Isee,youcriticizemyappearance,andthenyoustabmeintheback!Youhavehonestyandfeeling.Therearenotmanygirlslikeyou.ButperhapsIgotoofast.Perhapsyouhaveawfulfaultstocounterbalanceyourfewgoodpoints.”

Ithoughttomyselfthathemighthavetoo.Heseemedtoreadmymind,andsaidquickly,“Yes,you’reright.Ihaveplentyoffaults.IwentthewrongwaywhenIwastwenty-one,andhaveneverfoundtherightpathagain.Imighthavebeenverydifferent.Imighthavebeenasgoodasyou,andperhapswiser.Iamnotabadman,takemywordforit,butIhavedonewrong.Itwasn’tmycharacter,butcircumstanceswhichweretoblame.WhydoItellyouallthis?Becauseyou’rethesortofpersonpeopletelltheirproblemsandsecretsto,becauseyou’resympatheticandgivethemhope.”

Itseemedhehadquitealottotalktome.Hedidn’tseemtoliketofinishthetalkquickly,aswasthecaseforthefirsttime.

“Don’tbeafraidofme,MissEyre,”hecontinued.“Youdon’trelaxorlaughverymuch,perhapsbecauseoftheeffectLowoodSchoolhashadonyou.Butintimeyouwillbemorenaturalwithme,andlaugh,andspeakfreely.You’relikeabirdinacage.Whenyougetoutofthecage,you’llflyveryhigh.Goodnight.”

1.Atthebeginning,MissEyre’simpressionsofMr.RochesterwereallEXCEPT(

).

2.In“allmyknowledgeofhimwaslimitedtooccasionalmeetingsaboutthehouse...”(the2ndparagraph),theword“about”means(

).

3.WhydidMr.Rochestersay“...andthenyoustabmeintheback!”(the7thparagraph)?

4.FromwhatMr.RochestertoldMissEyre,wecanconcludethathewantedto(

).

5.Attheendofthepassage,Mr.Rochestersounded(

).

问题1选项

A.cold

B.sociable

C.warmhearted

D.changeable

问题2选项

A.“around”

B.“on”

C.“outside”

D.“concerning”

问题3选项

A.BecauseJanehadintendedtocomforthim.

B.BecauseJanehadregrettedhavingtalkedtohim.

C.BecauseJanehadaddedsomethingelsethathurthim.

D.BecauseJanehadintendedtokillhimwithaknife.

问题4选项

A.tellherallhistroubles.

B.changeheropinionofhim.

C.tellherhislifeexperience.

D.changehiscircumstances.

问题5选项

A.rude

B.indifferent

C.friendly

D.encouraging

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第一段“Inthemorningheseemedmuchoccupiedwithbusiness,andintheafternoongentlemenfromtheneighborhoodcalledandsometimesstaytodinewithhim.早上的时候,他似乎忙得团团转,在下午的时候,邻居们来拜访他,有时还留下来和他一起吃饭。”第二段第一句“...whenhewouldsometimespassmecoldly,andsometimesbowandsmile.有时候他会冷冷地从我身边经过,有时候会有礼貌地向我微笑和鞠躬。”由此可以推断出罗切斯特先生有时候很冷漠,而且善变。故排除选项A、B和选项D。答案选C符合题意。

2.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】语义推测题。根据句意“在此期间,我对他的认知仅限于在房子周围偶尔的照面,罗切斯特先生有时候冷冷地从我身边经过,有时候会有礼貌地向我微笑和鞠躬”。可知“occasionalmeeting偶尔的照面”的修饰词是about引导的介词短语,表示地点范围。根据文章后面几段对于两位主角见面的细节描写,可以推断出“aboutthehouse”是“在房子周围”。故正确答案选A。

3.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。文章第六段中简说“先生,对不起。我应该说美貌并不重要,或者类似的话”。接着第七段第一句话罗切斯特先生的回答:“No,youshouldn’t!Isee,youcriticizemyappearance,andthenyoustabmeintheback!Youhavehonestyandfeeling…不,你不会。我认为你在批评我的外表,你背后给我捅小刀子。你很诚实有感情。”所以,需要我们理解的部分是罗切斯特先生听到简解释性的回答后,认为是对他的安慰,因此说出“你在背后给我捅刀子”之类的话。这一表达是一种暗喻性的说法,D和B说法过于绝对。选项C文章并没有提到。故A符合文章意思。

4.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第八段“IwentthewrongwaywhenIwastwenty-one,andhaveneverfoundtherightpathagain.在我21岁时我走错了路,就再也没有回到正道。”和“Itwasn’tmycharacter,butcircumstanceswhichweretoblame.这不是我的性格,是环境使然。”这些是罗切斯特先生对简说的话,讲述他的人生经历,解释这是环境所致,目的是为了改变简对他的看法。故正确答案选B。

5.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章末段“You’relikeabirdinacage.Whenyougetoutofthecage,you’llflyveryhigh.你就像笼子里的鸟儿。当你飞出笼子,你将飞得更高”。由此可知,罗切斯特先生说的话是对于简的一种鼓励。故正确答案选D。

16.填空题

Weuselanguageprimarilyasameansofcommunicationwithotherhumanbeings.Eachofusshareswiththecommunityinwhich[1]weliveastoreofwordsandmeaningsaswellasagreeing[2]conventionsastothewayinwhichwordsshouldbearrangedto[3]conveyaparticularmessage:theEnglishspeakerhasinhisdisposal[4]avocabularyandasetofgrammaticalruleswhichenableshimto[5]communicatehisthoughtsandfeelings,inavarietyofstyle,tootherEnglishspeakers.Hisvocabulary,inparticular,boththatwhichheusesactivelyandthatwhichherecognizes,increasesin[6]sizeashegrowsold,asaresultofeducationandexperience.

But,whetherthelanguagestoreisrelativelysmallorlarge,thesystemremainsnomorethanapsychologicalrealityfortheindividual,[7]unlesshehasameansofexpressingitintermsabletobeseenbyanothermemberofhislinguisticcommunity;hehastogivethesystemaconcrete[8]transmissionform.Wetakeitforgrantedthetwomostcommonformsoftransmission—bymeansofsoundsproducedbyourvocalorgans[9](speech)orbyvisualsigns(writing).Andtheseare[10]amongmoststrikingofhumanachievements.

【答案】1.agreeing改为agreed

2.words改为these/thosewords

3.in改为at

4.enables改为enable

5.style改为styles

6.old改为older

7.seen改为understood

8.删除it

9.And改为However

10.moststriking改为themoststriking

【解析】1.语法题。根据句子结构可知,agreeing作前置定语修饰conventions,agree和conventions之间存在被动关系,所以要用agree的过去分词形式agreed“一致的,同意的”。Agreedconventions“一致的惯例”。

2.语法题。根据上文的astoreofwords,可知下文再次提及words,应该添加指示代词表特指。又因为words为复数,所以选用指示代词these或者those。

3.固定搭配。根据固定搭配atone’sdisposal“由……支配”,所以inhisdisposal介词搭配错误。

4.语法题。根据句子结构,可知which引导的定语从句,先行词为avocabularyandasetofgrammaticalrules,为复数,所以定语从句中的谓语动词不能用第三人称单数形式。

5.语法题。根据avarietyof“各种各样的”,用来修饰名词的复数形式。这里要用名词style的复数形式。

6.语法题。根据句意,“特别是他的词汇量,无论是经常使用的还是他认识的,随着年龄的增长,由于教育和使用经验,词汇量也会增加”。可知这里的old应该用比较级的形式。

7.上下文语义。根据句意“除非他能够运用一种能够被语言社区中的其他成员所理解的表达方式”,所以这里要表达的意思是“理解”,而不是seen“被看到”。

8.固定搭配。根据固定搭配takesth.forgranted“认为某事是理所当然的”。根据下文提到的thetwomostcommonformsoftransmission“两种最常见的交流方式”,可知文章要表达的意思是“认为这两种最常见的交流方式是理所当然的”,所以这里的it为多余的代词。

9.上下文逻辑关系。上文提到Wetakeforgrantedthetwomostcommonformsoftransmission,“我们认为这两种最常见的交流方式是理所当然的”,下文提到theseareamongmoststrikingofhumanachievements,“这是人类最显著的成就之一”。可知前后两句存在转折关系,而不是并列关系。所以并列连词误用,应改为转折连词。

10.语法题。文中moststriking应该要表达的意思为“最显著的”,为形容词的最高级形式。形容词的最高级前面应该加上定冠词the,为英语的习惯用法和表达。

17.单选题

JanHendrikSchon’ssuccessseemedtoogoodtobetrue,anditwas.InonlyfouryearsasaphysicistatBellLaborites,Schon,32,hadco-authored90scientificpapers—oneevery16days—dealingwithnewdiscoveriesinsuperconductivity,lasers,nanotechnologyandquantumphysics.Thisoutputastonishedhiscolleagues,andmadethemsuspicious.Whenoneco-workernoticedthatthesametableofdataappearedintwoseparatepapers—whichalsohappenedtoappearinthetwomostprestigiousscientificjournalsintheworld,ScienceandNature—thejigwasup.InOctober2002,aBellLabsinvestigationfoundthatSchonhadf

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论