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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-天津机电职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题
Startingwiththe______thatthereislifeontheplanetMars,thescientistwentontodevelophisargument.
问题1选项
A.premise
B.pretext
C.foundation
D.presentation
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项premise“前提,假定”;B选项pretext“借口,托词”;C选项foundation“地基,基础”;D选项presentation“提交,展示”。根据that引导的同位语从句“火星上有生命”可知选A。句意:从火星上有生命这一前提出发,这位科学家继续深入他的论点。
2.单选题
Therewasnowaytoindependently______theidentityofthemenkilledandarrestedonSaturdaynight.
问题1选项
A.verify
B.acknowledge
C.express
D.confess
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。A项verify“核实,查证”,B项acknowledge“承认,答谢”,C项express“表达”,D项confess“坦白”。根据关键词theidentityofthemenkilledandarrested(被逮捕和杀害人员的身份)可知,空格部分表示“查验身份”,A项符合句意。句意:目前还无法独立核实周六晚上被杀和被捕人员的身份。因此,该题选择A项正确。
3.单选题
Thecaptainperformshisdutieswithgreat_______andallthecrewbelievedthattheycangetoverthestorm.
问题1选项
A.affection
B.suspicion
C.assurance
D.definition
【答案】C
【解析】affection喜爱,影响;suspicion怀疑;assurance确信,断言,withassurance指有把握地,自信地;definition定义。句意:船长信心十足地履行着他的职责,所有的船员都相信他们能够战胜暴风雨。选项C符合句意。
4.单选题
Thenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7-8hours’sleepalternatingwithsome16-17hours’wakefulness.Broadlyspeaking,thesleephoursnormally()withthehoursofdarkness.
问题1选项
A.conform
B.coincide
C.collide
D.comply
【答案】B
【解析】动词词组辨析。conformwith符合,与...一致;coincidewith符合,与...一致(强调时间上的一致性);collidewith冲突;complywith遵守。句意:人类正常的日常活动周期是7-8小时的睡眠和16-17小时的清醒交替进行。广义上说,睡眠时间通常与黑暗的时间相一致。选项B正确。
5.案例题
Yoga,theancientpracticeofpostures,breathingandmeditation,isgainingalotofattentionfromthematerialworldthatitsseriouspractitionersaretryingtoescape.
Yogapractitionersaretryingtokeepthemselvesawayfromthematerialworld.
Andnowonder.Americanswhopracticeyogaareoftenwell-educated,havehigher-than-averagehouseholdincomeandarewillingtospendabitmoreonso-called"green"purchasesseenasbenefitingtheenvironmentorsociety.
"It'skindofgrowingoutofthecrunchystageofyogatotheStarbucksstage,"saidBillHarper,publisherofYogaJournal."Fromthevideosandtheclothesandthetoesocks...peoplearepursuingthismarketwithavengeance."
Aglancethroughrecentissuesofhismonthlymagazine,whosereadershiphasdoubledinthepastfouryearsto325,000,illustratesthepoint.Therearefour-coloradsfromthelikesofAsicsathleticshoes,EileenfisherapparelandFordMotorCo.YogaJournalisnowlicensingaRussianeditionandpreparingtoexpandinotherinternationalmarkets.
Americansspendsome$2.95billionayearonyogaclasses,equipment,clothing,holidays,videosandmore,accordingtoastudycommissionedbythemagazine,fuelledinpartbyageingbabyboomersseekinglessaggressivewaystostayfit.
Roughly16.5millionpeoplewerepractisingyogaintheUnitedStatesearlylastyear,instudios,gymsorathome,up43percentfrom2002,thestudyfound.
EstablishedsellersofyogagearsuchasHuggerMuggerandGaiamhavebeenfloodedwithcompetitioninthemarketforyogamats,incense,clothingandfancyaccoutrementsrangingfromdesigneryogabagstoeyepillows.
Vancouver,BritishColumbia-basedLululemonAthletica,forone,hasseensalesofitsyogaapparelriseto$100millionsinceCanadianentrepreneurChipWilsonfoundedthecompanyin1998.Customersaresnappingupitstrendypantsandtopstoweartoclassand,increasingly,tothesupermarketorouttodinner.
Anotherexpandingbusiness,Exhale,marketsitselfasa"mindbodyspa'',withtonylocationsinLosAngeles,NewYorkandotherurbanareasthatcombineyogaclasseswithfacials,massageandalternativetreatmentssuchasacupuncture.
Somequestionhowalltheconsumptionischangingadisciplinewithastrongspiritualfoundation.
"We'vetakenthisancienttradition,science,andartofyogaoutofacultureandareligionandworldviewandwe'vetriedtotransplanttotheothersideoftheplanet,"saidJudithHansonLasater,alongtimeyogainstructorandauthorwhoholdsadoctorateinEast-Westpsychology."Ibelievethere'snotacompletematch-up."
Evenso,severalentrepreneursstressedthattheyareabletoadheretoyoga'shealingprincipleswhilealsoturningaprofit.
1.Usethreewordstodescribethepracticeofyoga.()
2.Thelargeconsumptionofyogarelatedproductsshowsthatyogahasdevelopedinto().
3.Whydobabyboomersgoforyogapractice?
4.GiveanexampletoshowthattheyogaclothingofLululemonAthleticaisinfashion.
()
5.HowdoesExhalepromoteitsyogaClasses?【答案】1.Postures,breathingandmeditation.
2.Abigmarket.
3.Becausetheywanttoseeklessaggressivewaystostayfit.
4.Customersaresnappingupitstrendypantsandtopstoweartoclassand,increasingly,tothesupermarketorouttodinner.
5.Exhalemarketsitselfasa“mindbodyspa",withtonylocationsinLosAngeles,NewYorkandotherurbanareasthatcombineyogaclasseswithfacials,massageandalternativetreatmentssuchasacupuncture.
【解析】1.根据第一段的第一句“Yoga,theancientpracticeofpostures,breathingandmeditation,...”瑜伽,一种古老的体式、呼吸和冥想的练习。
2.根据第四段的内容可知,瑜伽相关用品的大量消费表明瑜伽发展成为了一个巨大的市场。
3.根据第六段的最后一句“...fuelledinpartbyageingbabyboomersseekinglessaggressivewaystostayfit.”因为他们寻求不那么激进的健身方式。
4.根据关键词“LululemonAthletica”定位到倒数第五段,根据最后一句话可找到答案。
5.根据原文倒数第四段可找到答案。
6.单选题
Overthelastfifteenyears,runninghasbecomeapopular(
)for30million
participantsofallages.
问题1选项
A.fantasy
B.pastime
C.symposium
D.penalty
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fantasy“幻想”;pastime“消遣,娱乐”;symposium“座谈会’;penalty“惩罚”。句意:在过去的三十年里,跑步对于3000万名各个年龄层的参与者来说成为了一种非常受欢迎的消遣方式。选项B符合题意。
7.单选题
NowapaperinSciencearguesthatorganicchemicalsintherockcomemostlyfrom(
)onearthratherthanbacteriaonMars.
问题1选项
A.contamination
B.constitution
C.condemnation
D.configuration
【答案】B
【解析】句意:最近《科学》杂志上的一篇论文认为,岩石中的有机化合物主要来自于地球上的组成物质,而非是火星上的细菌。
考查形近词辨析。Contamination污染,污染物;constitution宪法,章程,构造,组成物质;condemnation谴责,指责;configuration结构,构造,格局。ratherthan连接空格跟“bacteriaonMars(火星上的细菌)”,因此空格处应该是“组成物质”。
8.单选题
Undertheumbrellaoftheindependentspirit,millionsofimmigrantscametothiscountryseekingshelterfromintolerance,prejudice,and(
).
问题1选项
A.persistence
B.permanence
C.perspective
D.persecution
【答案】D
【解析】考察名词辨析。persistence坚持;permanence持久;perspective远景,观点;persecution迫害;句意:在独立精神的庇护下,成千上万的移民来到这个国家。他们在这里寻求庇护,远离褊狭、偏见和迫害。选项D符合句意。
9.单选题
Formuchoftheworld,thedeathofRichardNixonwastheendofacomplexpubliclife.Butresearcherswhostudybereavementwonderedifitdidn’talsosignifytheendofaprivategrief.Hadtheformerpresidentmerelyrunhisfourscoreandone,orhadhefallenvictimtoapatternthatseemstoafflictlongtimemarriedcouples;onespousequicklyfollowingtheothertothegrave?
Pat,Nixon’swifeof53,diedlastJuneafteralongillness.Nooneknowsforsurewhetherherdeathcontributedtohis.Afterall,hewaselderlyandhadahistoryofseriousheartdisease.Researchershavelongobservedthatthedeathofthespouseparticularlyawifeissometimesfollowedbytheuntimelydeathofthegrievingsurvivor.HistorianWillDurantdied13daysafterhiswifeandcollaborator,Ariel;BuckminsterFullerandhiswifediedjust36hoursapart.Isthismorethancoincidence?
“Partofthestory,Isuspect,isthatwemenaresousedtoladiesfeelingusandtakingcareofus,”saysKnulHelsing,anepidemiologistattheJohnHopkinsSchoolofPublicHealth,“thatwhenweloseawifewegotopieces.Wedon’tknowhowtotakecareofourselves.”InoneoftheseveralstudiesHelsinghasconductedonbereavement,hefoundthatwidowerswhoremarriedenjoyedthesamelowermortalityratesasmenwho’dneverbeenwidowed.
Women’shealthandresiliencemayalsosufferafterthelossofaspouse.Ina1987studyofwidows,researchersfromtheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,andUC,SanDiego,foundthattheyhadadramaticdeclineinlevelsofimportantimmune-systemcellsthatfightoffdisease.Earlierstudiesshowedreducedimmunityinwidowers.
Forbothmenandwomen,thestressoflosingaspousecanhaveaprofoundeffect.“Allsortsofpotentiallyharmfulmedicalproblemscanbeworsened,”saysGeraldDavision,professorofpsychologyattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Peoplewithhighbloodpressure,forexample,mayseeitrise.InNixon’scase,Davisionspeculates,“thestroke,althoughnotcauseddirectlybythestress,wasprobablyhastenedbyit.”Depressioncanaffectthesurvivingspouse’swilltolive;suicideratesareelevatedinthebereaved,alongwithaccidentsnotinvolvingcars.
Involvementinlifehelpsprolongit.“Mortality,”saysDukeUniversitypsychiatristDanielBlazer,“ishigherinolderpeoplewithoutagoodsocial-supportsystem,whodon’tfeelthey’repartofagrouporafamily,thatthey‘fitin’somewhere.Andthat’smorecommonproblemformen,whotendnottohaveasmanyclosefriendshipaswomen.”“Thesuddenabsenceofroutinescanalsobeahealthhazard,”saysBlazer.“Apersonwholosesaspouseshowsdeteriorationinnormalhabitslikesleepingandeating,”hesays.“Theydon’thavetheotherpersontoorientthem,likewhendoyougotobed,whendoyouwakeup,whendoyoueat,whendoyoutakeyourmedication,whendoyougoouttotakeawalk?Yourpatternisnolongerlockedintosomeoneelse’spattern,soitdeteriorates.”Whileearlierstudiessuggestedthatthefirstsixmonthstoayear-orevenfirstweek—weretimesofhighermortalityforthebereaved,somenewerstudiesfindnospecialvulnerabilityinthisinitialperiod.Mostmenandwomen,ofcoursedonotasaresultofthelossofaspouse.Andtherearewaystoimprovetheodds.Astrongsenseofseparateidentityandlackofover-dependencyduringthemarriagearehelpful.Adultsonsanddaughters,siblingsandfriendsneedtopayspecialattentiontoanewlywidowedparent.Theycanmakesurethatheorsheissocializing,gettingpropernutritionandmedicalcare,expressingemotionandaboveall,feelingneededandappreciated.
6.ItisknownfromthepassagethatRichardNixondiedattheageof____.
7.Accordingtoresearcherswhostudybereavement,RichardNixon’sdeathmightbe____.
8.Inhisresearchonbereavement,Helsingfoundthat____.
9.Accordingtothepassageaspouse’sdeathcanleadthesurvivingoneto____.
10.Itissuggestedinthepassagethatwidowersorwidowssufferfromthedeathoftheirspousesbecausetheyare____.
问题1选项
A.73
B.81
C.77
D.65
问题2选项
A.causedbyhisheartdisease
B.indirectlylinkedtohiswife’sdeath
C.theinevitableresultofoldage
D.causedbyanunexplainableaccident
问题3选项
A.remarriedmenlivehealthierlives
B.unmarriedmenhavethelongestlifeexpectancies
C.remarriedwidowersdonothavehighermortalityratesthanthosewhohaveneverbeenwidowed
D.widowswereunaffectedbytheirspouses’death
问题4选项
A.losehisorherfriends
B.diminishsocialactivities
C.bevulnerabletoillness
D.rejecthisorherchildren’scare
问题5选项
A.unpreparedforindependenceduringthemarriage
B.incapableoftakingcareofthemselvesduringthemarriage
C.unwillingtosocializewithothersduringthemarriage
D.tooindulgentduringthemarriage
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:B
第3题:C
第4题:C
第5题:D
【解析】6.【选项释义】
ItisknownfromthepassagethatRichardNixondiedattheageof____.从文中可知,RichardNixon去世时年龄为____。
A.73A.73岁
B.81B.81岁
C.77C.77岁
D.65D.65岁
【考查点】事实细节题
【解题思路】根据题干关键词RichardNixondied定位到原文第一段。本段第3句提到“这位前总统活了81岁(hisfourscoreandone)”,由此可知,B选项“81岁”符合原文。
【干扰项排除】A选项“73岁”、C选项“77岁”、D选项“65岁”均不符合原文表述。
7.【选项释义】
Accordingtoresearcherswhostudybereavement,RichardNixon’sdeathmightbe____.据研究丧亲之痛的研究人员称,RichardNixon的去世可能是____。
A.causedbyhisheartdiseaseA.是由心脏病引起的
B.indirectlylinkedtohiswife’sdeathB.与他妻子的死有间接联系
C.theinevitableresultofoldageC.老年的必然结果
D.causedbyanunexplainableaccidentD.是由一场无法解释的事故造成的
【考查点】推理判断题
【解题思路】本题要求选的是研究人员的观点。根据题干关键词researcherswhostudybereavement可定位到原文第1段第2-3句,该句提到“研究丧亲之痛的研究人员(researcherswhostudybereavement)”想知道Nixon的去世“仅仅是因为他已经活到81岁了(merelyrunhisfourscoreandone)”,还是因为“陷入了一种长期以来困扰着已婚夫妇的模式(fallenvictimtoapattern):一个配偶很快就会跟着另一个进入坟墓(onespousequicklyfollowingtheothertothegrave)”,而且原文第2段第1句提到“Nixon的妻子久病后在前一年六月去世(died)。”并且第2段第4句提到“研究人员长期以来观察到(havelongobserved),配偶特别是妻子的去世,有时会伴随悲伤的幸存者过早死亡(followedbytheuntimelydeathofthegrievingsurvivor)”。综上所述,根据研究人员的研究内容推测,他们认为Nixon去世可能与他妻子的死有关,B选项“与他妻子的死有间接联系”表述正确。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“是由心脏病引起的”,可定位到原文第2段第3句,该句提到他“有严重的心脏病病史(hadahistoryofseriousheartdisease)”,但这不是研究人员认为的原因;
C选项“老年的必然结果”,可定位到原文第2段第3句,该句提到“他已经老了(hewaselderly)”,但这也不是研究人员认为的原因;
D选项“是由一场无法解释的事故造成的”,原文并未提及,该选项属于无中生有。
8.【选项释义】
Inhisresearchonbereavement,Helsingfoundthat____.在关于丧亲之痛的研究中,Helsing发现____。
A.remarriedmenlivehealthierlivesA.再婚的男人过着更健康的生活
B.unmarriedmenhavethelongestlifeexpectanciesB.未婚男性的预期寿命最长
C.remarriedwidowersdonothavehighermortalityratesthanthosewhohaveneverbeenwidowedC.再婚鳏夫的死亡率并不高于从未丧偶的人
D.widowswereunaffectedbytheirspouses’deathD.寡妇不受配偶死亡的影响
【考查点】事实细节题
【解题思路】根据题干关键词hisresearchonbereavement和Helsing定位到原文第3段最后一句,该句提到“他发现再婚的鳏夫与从未丧偶的男性一样有较低死亡率(thesamelowermortalityrates)。”由此可知,C选项“再婚鳏夫的死亡率并不高于从未丧偶的人”符合原文。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“再婚的男人过着更健康的生活”,原文并未提及,并且没有明确比较对象,不符合题意,属于无中生有;
B选项“未婚男性的预期寿命最长”,原文并未提及,不是Helsing的研究内容,不符合题意,属于无中生有;
D选项“寡妇不受配偶死亡的影响”,不是Helsing的研究发现,并且根据原文第4段第1句的内容,该选项表述错误,该句提到“失去配偶后,妇女的健康和恢复能力也可能受到影响(sufferafterthelossofaspouse)。”
9.【选项释义】
Accordingtothepassageaspouse’sdeathcanleadthesurvivingoneto____.根据这篇文章,配偶的死亡可以导致幸存的一方____。
A.losehisorherfriendsA.失去朋友
B.diminishsocialactivitiesB.减少社交活动
C.bevulnerabletoillnessC.容易生病
D.rejecthisorherchildren’scareD.拒绝孩子的照顾
【考查点】事实细节题
【解题思路】根据题干关键词aspouse’sdeathcanleadthesurvivingoneto定位到原文第4段最后一句,该句提到“早期的研究表明,丧偶者免疫力下降(reducedimmunity)”;原文第5段第2句提到“各种可能有害的医疗问题都可能恶化(beworsened)。”由此可知,失去配偶的一方,免疫能力下降,现有的疾病容易恶化,C选项“容易生病”符合原文。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“失去朋友”,可定位到原文第6段第3句,该句提到“男性没有女性那么多亲密的友谊(tendnottohaveasmanyclosefriendshipaswomen)”,由此可知,原文并不是说“失去配偶的人会失去朋友”,该选项属于偷换概念;
B选项“减少社交活动”,可定位到原文第6段第1句,该句提到“参与生活(Involvementinlife)有助于延长生命。”第6段最后一句提到“他们(子女们)可以确保他或她在社交(socializing)”。由此可知,原文表达的是让失去配偶的一方参与生活,进行社交,这样有利于延长寿命,并没有说“失去配偶的人会减少社交”,该选项属于偷换概念;
D选项“拒绝孩子的照顾”,原文第6段倒数第2句提到,专家建议“成年子女、兄弟姐妹和朋友们需要特别关注(payspecialattention)新近丧偶的父母。”原文并没有说“失去配偶的人会拒绝孩子的照顾”,反而说孩子们要多关注他们,该选项属于无中生有。
10.【选项释义】
Itissuggestedinthepassagethatwidowersorwidowssufferfromthedeathoftheirspousesbecausetheyare____.文章中暗示,鳏夫或寡妇遭受配偶死亡的痛苦,因为他们____。
A.unpreparedforindependenceduringthemarriageA.婚姻期间没有独立的准备
B.incapableoftakingcareofthemselvesduringthemarriageB.婚姻期间不能照顾自己
C.unwillingtosocializewithothersduringthemarriageC.婚姻期间不愿与他人交往
D.tooindulgentduringthemarriageD.在婚姻中过于沉溺
【考查点】推理判断题
【解题思路】根据题干,本题询问的是“鳏夫或寡妇因配偶死亡而痛苦”的原因。通读全篇可知,本文主要论述“失去配偶的一方也容易跟着去世”,原文第6段倒数第3句提到“在婚姻中保持强烈的独立意识(Astrongsenseofseparateidentity)和不过度依赖(lackofover-dependency)是有帮助的。”由此推断,他们痛苦的原因可能是过度依赖配偶,突然失去,难以接受,D选项“在婚姻中过于沉溺”符合原文。
【干扰项排除】
A选项“婚姻期间没有独立的准备”,原文说他们在婚姻期间不够独立,不是说“他们在婚姻期间没有为独立做准备”,该选项属于偷换概念;
B选项“婚姻期间不能照顾自己”,可定位到原文第3段,第1句提到了约翰霍普金斯大学公共卫生学院(theJohnHopkinsSchoolofPublicHealth)的流行病学家KnulHelsing的观点,他认为“部分原因(Partofthestory)是男人们太习惯了让女人(sousedtoladies)感受、照顾我们,以至于失去妻子后,就会崩溃(gotopieces),不知道如何照顾自己(don’tknowhowtotakecareofourselves)。”由此可知,不能照顾自己可能是鳏夫们痛苦的原因,不是寡妇们痛苦的原因,该选项属于以偏概全;
C选项“婚姻期间不愿与他人交往”,原文并未提及,该选项属于无中生有。
10.单选题
YesterdayWangWeiguowasinabarfightinwhichhehitapatrolmanattemptingtobreakitup;afterwardshewasquiteupsetwiththepolice,wholethimstayiniailovernight
问题1选项
A.wasinabarfightinwhich
B.attemptingto
C.breakitup
D.lethimstayiniail
E.没有问题
【答案】C
【解析】动词误用。Let改成made。由关键词“stayinjail呆在监狱里”知这里的动词let“让;允许”在语境上不恰当,这里可以改成“made”(make的过去式)。
11.单选题
(
)inIndia,thebananawasbroughttotheAmericasbythePortuguesewhofounditinAfrica.
问题1选项
A.Originallycultivated
B.Originallybeingcultivated
C.Havingoriginallycultivated
D.Althoughitoriginallycultivated
【答案】A
【解析】考查过去分词的用法。句子的主语时thebanana,从四个选项可知cultivate是一个关键词,其与thebanana的关系是被动关系,所以应该用被动语态,选项C与D可以排除。主句中用的时态是was过去时,因此可以排除选项B。选项A符合题意。
12.单选题
BorisYeltsin,Russia’spresident,died.HisfuneralinMoscowwasattendedbyabevyofworldleaderspastandpresent.
问题1选项
A.prior
B.past
C.former
D.late
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。prior“优先的”;past“过去的”;former“从前的”;late“迟的;已故的”。本句说的是俄罗斯前总统去世,表示“前任”一般用former,因此C现象符合题意。
13.单选题
JeanWagner’smostenduringcontributiontothestudyofAfro-Americanpoetryishisinsistencethatit____inareligious,aswellasworldly,frameofreference.
问题1选项
A.istobeanalyzed
B.hasbeenanalyzed
C.beanalyzed
D.shouldhavebeenanalyzed
【答案】C
【解析】【选项释义】
A.istobeanalyzed分析B.hasbeenanalyzed分析
C.beanalyzed分析D.shouldhavebeenanalyzed分析
【答案】C
【考查点】虚拟语气
【解题思路】本题考查的是should类虚拟语气。当should用于命令、请求、建议、决定等词后面的宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中时,从句使用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。在本题中,hisinsistencethatit____inareligious,aswellasworldly,frameofreference,此处hisinsistence“他的坚持”属于建议或决定类词语,空格处所在部分为that引导的同位语从句,因此应当使用“should+动词原形”的形式,should可以省略。根据句意这些诗歌是被分析的对象,所以应该使用被动语态,因此,C选项beanalyzed符合题意。
【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合原句语法要求。
【句意】JeanWagner对美国非裔诗人的诗歌做出的影响最大的贡献是——他坚持在宗教以及世俗的框架中分析这些诗歌。
14.单选题
Somemodemanthropologistsholdthatbiologicalevolution()notonlyhumanmorphologybutalsohumanbehavior.
问题1选项
A.hasrelated
B.isrelated
C.isshaped
D.hasshaped
【答案】D
【解析】语法题。relate“有联系”;shape“形成,塑造”,根据句子结构,evolution和动词之间为主动关系,所以不用被动语态,选项B和C可排除。句意:一些现代人类学家认为,生物进化不仅塑造了人类的形态,而且还塑造了人类的行为。选项D符合题意。
15.单选题
Advanceinsciencemoreoftenthannotencounterspowerfulopposition,()Darwin’sTheoryofEvolution.
问题1选项
A.aswasthecasewith
B.suchasthecaseof
C.asitdidwith
D.asinthecaseof
【答案】A
【解析】考查as的用法。as在句中是关系代词,引导非限定性定语从句,经常用于asis/wasthecasewith结构中,用具体事例说明主句的概括和结论。句意:科学的进步往往遭到强烈的反对,达尔文的进化论便是如此。因此A选项正确。
16.单选题
AsforAnn,Iamnotsureabouther()inItalian.
问题1选项
A.fluency
B.clarity
C.coherence
D.excellency
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项fluency“(语言,文章)流利”;B选项clarity“清晰,清楚”;C选项coherence“一致,连贯性”;D选项excellency“优点,美德”。句意:至于安,我不确定她的意大利语是否流利。选项A符合语境。
17.单选题
Thesebooks,whichyoucangetatanybookshop,willgiveyou(
)youneed.
问题1选项
A.alltheinformation
B.alltheinformations
C.allofinformation
D.alloftheinformations
【答案】A
【解析】语法(不可数名词和冠词)题。information为不可数名词,没有复数形式,排除B选项和D选项。allof后面接的名词前一定要有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词修饰限定,且of可以省略,排除C选项,所以A选项正确。
18.单选题
Thisshouldbea()foryou,weallknowyouwillfinishitintime.
问题1选项
A.cakehole
B.cakewalk
C.catchall
D.catcall
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项cakehole“嘴巴”;B选项cakewalk“步态竞赛,一种步态舞,易如反掌之事”;C选项catchall“装杂物的容器,总受器,分沫器”;D选项catcall“嘘声,不满之声,喝倒彩”。句意:这对你来说应该是轻而易举的事,我们都知道你会按时完成的。因此B选项正确。
19.单选题
Opinionpollsurveysshowthatthepublicseescientistsinaratherunflatteringlight.
Commonlythescientistisalsoseenasbeingmale.Itistruethatmostscientistsaremale,butthepictureofscienceasamaleactivitymaybeamajorreasonwhyfewergirlsthanboysoptforscience,exceptwhenitcomestobiology,whichisseenas"female".
Theimagemostpeoplehaveofscienceandscientistscomesfromtheirownexperienceofschoolscience,andfromthemassmedia_ScienceteachersthemselvesSeeitasaproblemthatsomanyschoolpupilsfindschoolscienceanunsatisfyingexperience,thoughoverthelastfewyearsmoreandmorepupils,includinggirls,haveoptedforsciencesubjects.
Inspiteofexcellentdocumentaries,andsomegoodpopularsciencemagazines,scientificmodesinthemediastillusuallyalternatebetweenmiracleandscientificthreat.Thepopularstereotypeofscienceislikethemagicoffairytales:ithaspotentialforenormousgoodorawfulharm.Popularfictionisfullof“good”scientistssavingtheworld,and"mad"scientiststryingtodestroyit.
Fromallthemanyscientificstorieswhichmightbegivenmediatreatment,thosewhicharechosenareusuallythosewhichcanbeframedintermsoftheusualnewsangles:novelty,threat,conflictorthebizarre.Theroutineandoftentediousworkofthescientistslipsfromview,tobereplaced:withapictureofscientistsforeveroffendingpublicmoralsensibilities(asinembryoresearch),threateningpublichealth(asinweaponsresearch),orfightingitoutwitheachother(ingivingevidenceatpublicenquiriessuchasthoseheldontheissuesconnectedwithnuclearpower).
Themassmediaalsolendstoover-personalizescientificwork,depictingitastheproduct
ofindividualgenius,whileneglectingthesocialorganizationwhichmakesscientificworkpossible.Afurthereffectofthisisthatsciencecomestobeseenasathinginitself:akindofunpredictableforceatideofscientificprogress.
Itisnosuchthing,ofcourse.Scienceiswhatscientistsdo;whattheydoiswhataparticularkindofsocietyfacilitates,andwhatisclonewiththeirworkdependsverymuchonwhohasthepowertochangetheirdiscoveriesintotechnology,andwhattheirinterestsare.
1.Accordingtothepassage,ordinary-peoplehaveapooropinionofscienceandscientistspartlybecause(
).
2.Fewergirlsthanboysstudysciencebecause
(
).
3.Mediatreatmentofsciencetendstoconcentrateon
(
).
4.Accordingtotheauthor,over-personalizationofscientificworkwillleadscience
(
).
5.Accordingtotheauthor,whatascientistdoes(
).
问题1选项
A.ofthemisleadingofthemedia
B.opinionpollsareunflattering.
C.scientistsareshownnegativelyinthemedia
D.science,isconsideredtobedangerous
问题2选项
A.theythinkthatscienceistoodifficult
B.theyareoftenunsuccessfulinscienceatschool
C.scienceisseenasaman’sjob
D.scienceisconsideredtobetedious
问题3选项
A.theroutineeverydayworkofscientists
B.discoveriesthatthepublicwillunderstand
C.themoresensationalaspectsofscience
D.thesatisfactionsofscientificwork
问题4选项
A.isolationfromtherestoftheworld
B.improvementsonschoolsystem
C.associationwith"femaleness"
D.troubleharecruitingyoungtalent
问题5选项
A.shouldbeattributedtohisindividualgenius
B.dependsonthecoordinationofthesociety
C.showshisindependentpower
D.isunpredictable
【答案】第1题:A
第2题:C
第3题:C
第4题:A
第5题:B
【解析】1.文章第三段提到人们对于科学的认知大多来源于他们在学校关于最科学的学习以及大众媒体。文章第五段和第六段讲述了大众媒体对科学工作的负面描述和夸大(Themassmediaalsolendstoover-personalizescientificwork),因而导致了人们对科学和科学家们有误解,选项A符合题意。
2.文章第二段第二句Itistruethatmostscientistsaremale,butthepictureofscienceasamaleactivitymaybeamajorreasonwhyfewergirlsthanboysoptforscience,exceptwhenitcomestobiology,whichisseenas"female"提到看为什么大部分科学家是男性,女性很少的原因,因为她们认为科学就是男性的工作,因此选项C符合题意。
3.文章第五段Theroutineandoftentediousworkofthescientistslipsfromview,tobereplaced:withapictureofscientistsforeveroffendingpublicmoralsensibilities,threateningpublichealth,orfightingitoutwitheachother提到媒体关注的重点不再是科学实验这些繁琐的工作,而是将关注点放在科学家们没有公共道德情感、危害公众健康或者相互争斗等等,选项C符合题意。
4.文章第六段第一句Themassmediaalsolendstoover-personalizescientificwork,depictingitastheproductofindividualgenius,whileneglectingthesocialorganizationwhichmakesscientificworkpossible提到大众媒体将科学工作过分私人化。作者认为如果脱离了社会组织,科学工作将无法进行。选项A符合题意。
5.文章最后一段提到科学家们的工作是为了促进社会的进步whattheydoiswhataparticularkindofsocietyfacilitates,因此他们依靠的是整个社会的协作,选项B符合题意。
20.单选题
Therewereseveralexplanationsofthephenomenon,nobody______therightonethefirsttime.
问题1选项
A.gotholdof
B.agreedupon
C.hiton
D.caughtupwith
【答案】C
【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“gotholdof”意为“把握;抓住;得到”;B选项“agreedupon”意为“对……取得一致意见;同意某主意”;C选项“hiton”意为“偶然发现;忽然想到”;D选项“caughtupwith”意为“赶上;逮捕;处罚”。句意:对这一现象有几种解释,但没有人一开始就能忽然想到正确的解释。由题干可知,therightone指正确的解释,所以相应的动词应该是想到。因此C选项符合题意。
21.单选题
Insomesocieties,whenpeopleexchangegifts,thegiverwillsayhisgiftisoflessvalue,whilethereceiver_______itsvalue.
问题1选项
A.magnifies
B.manipulates
C.abandon
D.abbreviate
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“magnifies”意为“放大;赞美;夸大”;B选项“manipulates”意为“操纵;操作;巧妙地处理;篡改”;C选项“abandon”意为“遗弃;离开;放弃;终止;陷入”;D选项“abbreviate”意为“缩写,使省略;使简短”。句意:在某些社会中,当人们交换礼物时,送礼者会说他的礼物价格低廉,而收礼的人会夸大礼物的价值。由题干可知,while表示前后构成了对比关系,前文说送礼者贬低价格,那么收礼者就是夸大价格。因此A选项符合题意。
22.单选题
_____wearehavingthesedays!
问题1选项
A.Whatalovelyweather
B.Whatlovelyweathers
C.Whatlovelyweather
D.Whatlovelyaweather
【答案】C
【解析】考查what感叹句结构。What的用法有:What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语,What+形容词+可数名词复数形式/不可数名词+主语+谓语,weather为不可数名词,所以选项C用法正确,其余均表述有误。
23.单选题
Thedriverwasinan(
)ofsorrowbecausehehadknockedthegirldown.
问题1选项
A.agony
B.ache
C.ailing
D.ailment
【答案】A
【解析】名词辨析题。A选项agony“苦恼,极度痛苦”;B选项ache“疼痛”;C选项ailing“不适,困扰”;D选项ailment“小病,不安”。句意:司机因为撞倒了那个女孩而感到极度悲痛。选项A更符合语境。
24.单选题
ByaboutA.D.500theMoundBuilder(筑堤人)culturewasdeclining,perhapsbecauseofattacksfromothertribesorperhapsbecauseofsevereclimaticchangesthatunderminedagriculture.Tothewestanotherculture,basedonintensiveagriculture,wasbeginningtoflourish.Itscenterwasbeneathpresent-daySt.Louis,anditradiatedouttoencompassmostoftheMississippiwatershed,fromWisconsintoLouisiansandfromOklahomatoTennessee.Thousandsofvillageswereincludedinitsorbit.ByaboutA.D.700thisMississippianculture,asisknowntoarchaeologists,begantosenditsinfluenceeastwardtotransformthelifeofmostofthelesstechnologicallyadvancedwoodlandtribes.LiketheMoundBuildersoftheOhioregion,thesetribes,probablyinfluencedbyMeso-Americanculturesthroughtradeandwarfare,builtgiganticmoundsasburialandceremonialplaces.Thelargestofthem,risinginfourterracestoaheightofonehundredfeet,hasarectangularbaseofnearlyfifteenacres,largerthanthatoftheGreatPyramidofEgypt.BuiltbetweenA.D.900and1100thishugeearthworkfacesthesiteofapalisaded(用栅围护)Indiancitywhichcontainedmorethanonehundredsmallartificialmoundsmarkingburialsites.Spreadamongthemwasavastsettlementcontainingsome30000peoplebycurrentestimations.ThefinelycraftedornamentsandtoolsrecoveredatCahokia,asthiscenterofMississippicultureiscalled,includeelaborateceramics(陶器)finelysculptedstonework,carefullyembossedandengravedcopperandmica(云母)sheets,andonefuneralblanketfashionedfrom12000shellbeads.TheyindicatethatCahokiawasatrueurbancenter,withclusteredhousing,markets,andspecialistsintoolmaking,hide-dressing,potting,jewelry-making,weaving,andsalt-making.
1.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?
2.The
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