英语翻译技巧第11节重复法

第十一节重复法重复法实际上也是一种增词法，只不过所增加的词是上文刚刚出现过的词。翻译和写作一样，本应力求简练，尽量省略一些可有可无的词；但有时为了明确、强调或生动，也需要将一些关键性的词加以重复。一．为了明确重复名词重复英语中作宾语的名词Thenextitemontheagendaistorevisesafetyandsanitaryregulations.Ihadexperiencedoxygenand/orenginetrouble.Theybegantostudyandanalyzethesituationoftheenemy.IhadlivedinChinamanyyearsandsawChinaincivilwarin1925-27,andlaterinwarwithJapan.议程的下一项目是修订安全规则和卫生规则。我曾碰到过，不是氧气设备出故障，就是引擎出故障，或两者都出故障。他们开始研究敌情，分析敌情。我曾在中国生活多年。我看到了1925年至1927年正在内战的中国，后来又看到了同日本作战的中国。重复英语中作表语的名词Hebecameanoilmillionaire allbyhimself.Thishasbeenourposition---butnottheirs.Carolisyourfriendasmuchassheismine.IntheSovietUniontherehadbeennoradio,TV,orpressmentionofeitherAbel'sarrestorconviction.他成为一个石油大王一个白手起家的石油大王。这一直是我们的立场而不是他们的立场。卡罗既是你的朋友，也是我的朋友。对于艾贝尔的被俘或判刑，苏联既没有电台广播，也没有上电视节目，在报刊上也没有发表。作业：Weshouldlearnhowtoanalyzeandsolveproblems.Itisourdutytorebuildanddefendourhomeland.Agoodfilmservestoeducateandinspirethepeople.Itwashewhofirstrepudiatedandbreachedtheunderstanding.Theywouldbeveryreluctanttopostponeorcancelthemeeting.重复英语介词短语前所省略的名词Thedoctorwillgetmorepracticeoutofmethanoutofseventeenordinarypatients.ThestoryofJurgisisastoryofgroansandtears,ofpoorblackpeopledestroyedbywhitecolonialists.Wesee,therefore,howthemodernbourgeoisieisitselftheproductofalongcourseofdevelopment,ofaseriesofrevolutionsinthemodesofproductionandofexchange.医生从我身上得到的实践，会比从十七个普通病人身上得到的实践还多。尤吉斯的故事是一篇充满呻吟和泪水的故事，是白人殖民主义者摧残不幸的黑人的故事。由此可见，现代资产阶级本身是一个长期发展过程的产物，是生产方式和交换方式的一系列变革的产物。作业：Wecaughtaglimpseoftheleadinghorsesandofahorsemanvanishingthroughtherain.Theprisonersoftengotintoargumentwitheachotherorwiththeguards.Ignoranceisthemotheroffearaswellasofadmiration.Theuseofpoisongasisaclearviolationofinternationallaw---inparticularoftheGenevaConvention.Hebrokeallconnectionswithhispast,andwiththeoldsocietyineveryway.重复英语中作先行词的名词MayIextendmyheartiestcongratulationstothegreatChinesepeopleanditsCommunistParty,throughyou,fortheglowingsuccessofconstructingyourcountry,whichisnowinspiringtheworld.Theyhavestageddemonstrationsandsit-insanddistributedpetitionswhichinevitablyfindtheirwaytoforeigncorrespondentspostedinNewYork.Thelittleapprenticeinparticularlivedinterroroftheboss,whohadbornedownonhimsooftenandsohardthattherewaslittleleft.ThePresidentannounced,withobviousrelish,thathisplanetookofffrom“Shangri-la”,afairylandintheHimalayas.Allofthesearrangementswereapreludetotheball,thehoste'susltimatepurpose.Watercanbedecomposedbyenergy,acurrentofelectricity.让我，通过您，表达我对伟大的中国人民和中国共产党的最衷心祝贺！祝贺你们建设国家的辉煌胜利，这个胜利正在鼓舞着全世界。他们举行了游行示威和静坐，散发了请愿书，而这些请愿书必定会传到驻纽约的外国记者手中。小学徒对老板尤其怕得要死，老板经常整他，而且整得很重，简直把他整惨了。这位总统洋洋得意地宣称，他的飞机是从“香格里拉”起飞的，而“香格里拉”是喜马拉雅山中的一个仙境。所有这些安排都只是这次舞会的序曲，舞会才是女主人的最终目的。水可由能量来分解，所谓能量也就是电流。重复动词英语句子常用一个动词连接几个宾语或表语，在译文中往往要重复这个动词。Isheafriendoranenemy?Theblowhurtnotonlyhishandsbuthisshouldertoo.Foragoodtenminutes,Mothercursedmeandmybrother.ChairmanMaoisanactivist,aprimemover,anoriginatorandmasterofstrategyachievedbyalternatingsurprise,tensionandeasement.(EdgarSnow)Theycoveredthe19thcenturyforeigninterventioninChina,theRedArmy'sLongMarchinthemid-1930s,theFrenchandAmericanrevolutions.他是个朋友呢，还是个仇人？这一击不仅震痛了他的手，也震痛了他的肩膀。足足有十分钟之久，妈妈既骂我，又骂我的兄弟。毛主席是一位活动家，是原动力，是创始者，是交替运用出其不意、紧张和松弛而取得成就的战略大师。他们谈到十九世纪外国对中国的干涉，谈到红军在三十年代中期的长征，还谈到法国革命和美国革命。英语句子中动词后有介词时，第二次第三次往往只用介词而省略动词，在译文中则要重复动词。Approachinggraduation,myroommatesandItalkedofourselves,ofourprospects,ofthejourney,oftheweather,ofbooks ofeverything.Onenight,hehadanicesleep,nolongerdreamedofstorms,norofgreatoccurrences,norofgreatsharks,norfight.Hesuppliedhisnovelsnotonlywithbiographiesofcharacters,butwiththeirportraits.Buthiswifekeptdinninginhisearsabouthisidleness,hiscarelessness,andtheruinhewasbringingonhisfamily.TheywantedtodetermineifhecompliedwiththetermsofhisemploymentandhisobligationsasanAmerican.临近毕业，我和室友们谈到自己，谈到前途，谈到旅程，谈到天气，谈到书籍， 谈到一切。一夜，他睡得很香，不再梦见风暴，不再梦见惊人的遭遇，也不再梦见大鲨鱼和搏斗。他不仅在他的小说中提供人物传记，而且还提供人物画像。可是他老婆不断地在他耳朵边唠叨个没完，说他懒惰，说他粗心，并且说一家人都要毁在他身上。他们想要确定，他是否履行了受雇条件，是否履行了作为美国公民所应尽的职责。作业：Doingmathexercisesrequirescareand,fordifficultproblems,greatexperience.Theywerestartingfromscratchandneededmen,guns,training.Theministerspokeoftheriseofcharityandpopulareducation,andparticularlyofthespreadofwork.Justasgrammardealswiththestructureoflanguage,EnglishgrammardealswiththestructureofEnglish,FrenchgrammarwiththestructureofFrench,etc.Theyhadpreparedforthiscampaignascarefullyastheyhadforlargerones.Hewantedtosendthemmoreaid,moreweaponsandafewmoremen.重复代词英语中用代词的地方，翻译时可按汉语习惯重复其所代替的名词。Jesseopenedhiseyes.Theywerefilledwithtears.InChina,they“mademistakes”,sufferedbythem,acknowledgedandstudiedthem,thusplannedvictory.Heacceptedfailure;hehadconquereditallhislife,andrisenaboveit.Hischangewasthatofakeymaninthekeypost---somethingthatsymbolizedthegradualtransformationoftheotherparticipants.杰西睁开眼睛，眼里充满了泪水。在中国，他们“犯过错误”，吃过错误的亏，承认错误，研究错误，从而制定了胜利的方针。他接受失败，他一生中曾战胜失败，超越失败。他的转变是一个把守重要关口的关键人物的转变，他的转变象征着其他参与者也在逐渐转变。英语中用物主代词its,his,their时，翻译时可以用名词，以达到明确具体的目的。Happyfamiliesalsohadtheirowntroubles.Bigpowershavetheirstrategieswhilesmallcountriesalsohavetheirownlines.Eachcountryhasitsowncustoms.幸福的家庭也有幸福家庭的苦恼。强国有强国的策略，小国也有小国的路线。各国有各国的风俗。3英语中强势关系代词或副词whoever,whenever,whereve等r，翻译时往往用重复法。Whoeverviolatesthetrafficregulationsshouldbepunished.Whereversevereoppressionexisted,therewouldberevolution.Cometomyofficeandhaveatalkwithmewheneveryouarefree.Youmayborrowwhichevernovelinmybookcaseyoulikebest.谁违反了交通规则，谁就应该受到惩罚。哪里有残酷的压迫，哪里就有革命。你什么时候有空，就什么时候到我办公室来谈一谈。我书架上的小说你最喜爱哪一本，你就可以借哪一本。作业：Ignoringaproblemdoesnotsolveit.Smithseemedillateasewithpower,whileBallsoughtit.Butthereareclues,andtheyseemtoconfirmmyearliersuspicion.Bigfamilieshadtheirowndifficulties.Eachpersonhadhisownbusinesstohandle.Whoeverworkshardwillberespected.其它：Tohim,thebirdssang,thesquirrelchatteredandtheflowersbloomed.Hewasproficientbothasaflyerandasanavigator.鸟儿向他歌唱，松鼠对他叽咕，花儿也为他开放。他既精于飞行，又善于导航。二、为了强调为了强调，英语句子中往往重复关键词，翻译时也可重复。用同样的汉语词重复用汉语的同义词、近义词重复(一)用同样的汉语词重复Eyeforeye,toothfortooth.Outofsight,outofmind.Bloodmustatoneforblood.Hewanderedaboutinthechillrain,thinkingandthinking,broodingandbrooding.Gentlemenmaycrypeace,peace---butthereisnopeace.Obviousamongthemostobviousbooksuponthemostobviousshelfwereseriesofsplendidlyboundvolumesentitled“Luxun'sWorks.”Theyhadtostandoutofthehospital,watchingmegoin,comeout,comeout,goin.Hedemandedtotalloyalty,notloyaltyinthetraditionalsense,notordinaryloyalty,buttotalloyalty,notjusttoofficeorparty,orconcept,butloyaltyfirstandforemosttoLyndonJohnson.1)以眼还眼，以牙还牙。2)眼不见，心不烦。血债要用血来还。他在凄雨中荡来荡去，想了又想，盘算了又盘算。先生们可以高喊和平，和平！但是依然没有和平。在那个最显眼的书架上最显眼的书籍中显眼的几卷就是精装的名叫《鲁迅全集》的一套书。他们站在医院外面，看我进去出来，出来进去。他要求的是绝对忠诚，不是传统意义的忠诚，也不是一般的忠诚，而是绝对的忠诚，不只是对职务、政党或观念的忠诚，而是首先对林登?约翰逊的忠诚。作业：Itisimpossibletoliveinsocietyandbeindependentofsociety.Thistownisasmalltown,lookingmuchlikeothertownsofitssize,butfewtownsenjoysomanynaturaladvantages.Ifoncemoralityislost,allislost.Yearafteryearandcenturyaftercenturythemoongoesthroughitscycles.(二)用汉语的同义词、近义词重复Theyoftenreadandre-readthesecretnotes.IknowyouhatemeandIhateyou,wehadbetterpartrightnow.Everychangeofseason,everychangeofweather,everyhourofthedayproducessomechangeinthemagicalhuesandshapeofthesemountains;andtheyareregardedbyallgoodwives,farandnear,asperfectbarometers.他们常常一遍又一遍地反复琢磨这些密信。我知道你恨我，我也嫌你，咱们最好马上就分手吧。季节的每一更迭，气候的每一转变，乃至一天中的每一小时，都给这些山峦的奇幻色彩和形态带来变化，远近的主妇们都把这些改变看作是准确的晴雨表。作业：Easycome,easygo.Nopains,nogains.DuringtheirstayinBeijing,theyvisitedsomeoldfriendsoftheirs,visitedBeijingUniversityandvisitedtheGreatWall.Beforemarriageshelovedgivingorderstoherboyfriend,butaftermarriage,helovedgivingorderstoher.Heateupeverythingathome.Theymightverywellbepreparinganattackagainstthecountry,hencetheyarebuildingupnotonlysizeabletroops,butalotofmissiles,planes,andtanksalongtheborderofthecountry.三．为了生动（一）运用两个四字词组，使文字生动活泼，有节奏感Buttherehadbeentoomuchpublicityaboutmycase.ThestreetswereoverrunbyHitler'sbullies.Theyestablishedtargetprioritiesatthatmeeting..但我的事现在已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。那时希特勒的暴徒在街上横行霸道，无恶不作。他们在那个会议上决定了目标的轻重缓急，孰先孰后。作业：Heshowedhimselfcalminanyemergencysituation.Thequestionswereevidentlyunexpectedtotheslow-wittedspokesman,whoinstantlyfoundhimselftongue-tied.Withmylasthopefrustrated,Islippedintoadeepdepression.（二）运用词的重迭Ihadbeencompletelyhonestinmyreplies,withholdingnothing.Hischildren,too,wereasraggedandwildasiftheybelongedtonobody.Onlyaveryslightandveryscatteringripplesofhalf-heartedhand-clappinggreetedhim.Withhistardiness,carelessnessandappallinggoodhumor,weweresoreperplexed.我的回答完全是坦坦荡荡，直言无隐。他的孩子们，也是穿得破破烂烂，粗野不堪，就象没有父母似的。欢迎他的只有几下轻轻的、零零落落、冷冷谈谈的掌声。他老是磨磨蹭蹭、马马虎虎，脾气又好得惊人，我们都对他毫无办法。作业：Thetoastswereflat.Iwasn'tevasiveinm