中考完形填空高分解题策略讲座

.*;;第4页初中完形填空解题策略讲座1．词汇1500-1600个单词和200-300个固定搭配2.语法13类3.语篇要擅长利用能表达它们之间关系的连接词语，根据上下文的意思及构造进展简单的逻辑推理来确定所填入的恰当词语。4.题型〔1〕句子层次〔2〕句组层次〔3〕语篇层次5.常识 解题步骤1．通读全文，把握大意。2．细读全文，确定选项。3．重视复核，消除疏漏。一．充分利用首句信息答题“完形填空〞的首句均不设空，而是尽可能多地给考生提供一些必要的信息，因此，读懂首句可以帮助考生建立正确的思维导向，防止走弯路而误入歧途。首句是理解全文的窗口，通过首句往往能确定文章的体裁、背景、写作意图甚至中心思想。【例1】EnglishnamesandChinesenamesarequitedifferentinsomeways.Butit’snotdifficultforustoknow.UnlikeChinese,mostEnglishpeoplehave1names.Oneistheirfamilyname,bothoftheothernamesaregivennames.Theirfamilynameis2thegivenname.TheyuseMr,MrsorMisswiththe3name,buttheyneveruse4withthefirstname.1.A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four2.A.beforeB.infrontofC.atD.behind3.A.lastB.givenC.middleD.full4.A.itB.themC.himD.her【例2】Oscarisablackbearandhelikesgoingshopping.Oneday,Oscar1theshoppingwithhismother.Whentheygottothe2,Oscarwasvery3.1.A.didB.stoppedC.neededD.had2.A.schoolB.hospitalC.factoryD.supermarket3.A.sorryB.happyC.sadD.busy二．巧用上下文信息答题完形填空必须通篇理解，从整体角度考虑，结合上下文信息才能判断出最正确答案。利用上下文语境确定答案的题目所占比例呈越来越多的趋势。而上下文信息可以出如今同一句、前后句、前后段中，或者出如今文章的开头或结尾部分，因此答题时要瞻前顾后，结合首尾。【例1】Marylivedonthesideofahill.Onewintertherewasabigflood〔水灾〕andalotofhousesdownbelowMary’swerewashedaway,buthis1wasstillallright.Marytookinoneofherfamiliesthathad2everythinginthefloodandaskedthemtoliveinherhouse.…1.A.fieldB.schoolC.houseD.garden2.A.paidB.gotC.lostD.taken【典例2】It’susuallysunny,butitoften1suddenly.Sopeopleoftencarrywiththemapairofsunglassesandaraincoatatthesametime.1.A.blowsB.shinesC.rainsD.snows【典例3】TodayisSunday.Weneedn’tgotoschool.NowIfeelveryhappy.Tomorrowis10.Icangobacktoschoolandseemylovelyfriends.10.A.MondayB.TuesdayC.WednesdayD.Saturday三．利用语法知识、词语搭配、固定句型答题完形填空以语境考察为主，但不可防止的是，也有部分题目考察语法知识、固定搭配和固定句型，同学们一定要利用平时所学的知识，考虑单词〔词组〕的固定搭配，动词的及物和不及物，并利用句子构造、句式特点等知识全面衡量所有选项，排除干扰确定最正确答案。【典例1】MrShutecamebacktohishometown.1〔Few〕peopleknewhim.Andwhenhestoppednearashort,brokenhouse,hesawanoldwoman2in2.A.satB.tositC.sitD.sitting【典例2】Whatdoyouthink9thesitcom?Maybe〔或许〕youlikeit,maybeyoudon’tmindit,…9.A.ofB.forC.outD.in【典例3】…butwewererelaxedwhenwewerelyingonthebeach.We10somephotosthere.WhatabusyweekendIhad!10.A.gotB.broughtC.boughtD.took四．根据文化背景常识答题完形填空的文章内容往往与文化生活、史地知识、生活科技等相关，有些内容是我们已经掌握的生活常识。因此答题时要充分调动相关知识帮助我们分析、推断，最终确定答案。另外，中外文化之间有一些差异，解题时不能总是用中国人看问题的角度来对待其它国家发生的事情，只有这样，才能正确理解其中的文化差异，作出正确的判断和选择。【典例1】Therearemanykindsofanimalsintheworld.Elephantsarethe1animalsthatliveonland.Onlysomekindsofwhales〔鲸鱼〕arebiggerthanelephants,buttheyliveinthe2.1.A.biggestB.smallestC.smallerD.bigger2.A.riverB.lakeC.seaD.forest【典例2】“Youareso2,dear,〞shesays,“Let’sgotoChinaforaniceholiday.Itcanbe3foryourhealth.〞2.A.happyB.busyC.freeD.excited3.A.goodB.badC.illD.interesting【典例3】“Whowouldyouliketochangeyourlifewithifpossible?〞Lastweek,weaskedmanymiddleschoolstudentsthisquestion.Thefollowingaresomeoftheir1.ZhangYike,12Iwanttochangemylifewithmyfriend,WangXiaohui.SheisstudyinginEnglandnow.Shehas2tomanycountries,suchastheUSandFrance.TheyaretheplacesIwishtovisit.What’smore,she3muchbetterEnglishthanme.IfIchangemylifewithher,Icanvisitmanybeautifulcountries,eatdelicious4andmeetdifferentkindsofpeoplethere.1.A.answersB.problemsC.questionsD.changes2.A.goneB.comeC.beenD.moved3.A.saysB.speaksC.talksD.tells4.A.drinkB.airC.foodD.water五．把握文章脉络综合推理判断完形填空侧重考察根据上下文语境理解文意的才能，有些题目应从语篇层次去考虑，只有把握了文章的脉络，才能进展综合推理判断，最终得出最正确答案。文章的逻辑关系包括并列、原因、结果、让步、转折、时间顺序、目的、条件、选择等，依靠不同的连词来表达，如and，but，so，however，firstofall，then，finally，forexample，or等，它们在文章中起着“篇章纽带〞的作用，可以作为做完型填空题的路标。【典例1】MyyoungestcousinlikesChineseBeijingOperaverymuch,buthecan’tsing6.6.A.badly B.easily C.well D.excitedly【典例2】Ourheadteacheralwaysagreesthatnooneistooyoungortoo5tolearnalanguage.A.oldB.smallC.cleverD.weak综合训练AAtmyprimaryschool,Iwasoneofthesmartestkidsthere.Inever,butalwaysgotnearperfectscoresonallmytests.Iwasachildgenius〔天才〕,atleastinmymind.Iwasalsomusicandsports.IwasprettysurethatonceIgottoseventhgrade,everyoneincludingmyteacherswouldbebyme.Butactually,theyweren’t.WhenIarrivedatmynewclass,itseemedthattherewasalwayssomeoneelsewhocoulddothanI.MygradesgotworseandIneededtoactuallybestudyingformytests.IbelievedIwasn’tsmart.IbelievedIwasn’ttalented.IbelievedI.Overthenexttwoyears,IhadtoworkveryhardforeverythingIdid.Gradeswerestillverylowbutgradually.Iworkedreallyhardbutwasstillneverthebestateverything.ButdoIreallyhavetobethebestateverything?AllthepressureIwasfeeling,allthatwhenIdidwrong,thatwasme!Iwasbeingtoohardonmyself.Infact,whenIdidbadlyonatest,myclassmateswouldneverme.Nooneisperfect.Therewillprobablyalwaysbesomeonebetterthanmeatsomething.Iwillneverbethenumberoneateverything,andit’sreallyOkay.1．A.forgotB.studiedC.regretted2．A.busywithB.tiredofC.goodat3．A.amazedB.scaredC.fooled4．A.betterB.easierC.slower5．A.passedB.failedC.relaxed6．A.improvingB.fightingC.reporting7．A.developmentB.excitementC.embarrassment8．A.helpwithB.laughatC.learnfromB阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最正确选项。ThePowerofStoryWhenmydogGraciedisappearedsixyearsago,IreallylearnedwhatIbelieve.Gracieescapedfromourbackyardaround2:00p.m.Wesearchedtheneighborhoodforhoursbuthadno______.Weputupadvertisements,andbydark,wereturnedhome,exhausted〔精疲力竭〕.Onthesecondday,Icalledmyanimaldoctor,theSPCA,andtheanimalshelter〔收容所〕.Nothing.Ifeltlost.IfIknewGraciehadbeen______,Iwouldhavebeenheartbroken.IfIknewshewascaughtsomewhere,Iwouldsaveher.IfIknewshehadfoundabetterhome,Iwouldbe______yetrelieved〔放心的〕.ButhowdoIdealwiththeunknown?Waitpatiently?Searchendlessly?Giveup?Thethirdday,whileIwassearchinginthewoodswithmyfriendRhea,ItoldherlosingGraciewaslikelosingfaith〔信任〕ineverything.Rheasmiledandsaid,“Youknow,maybeGracie’sonagreatadventure.〞Itseems______,butIfeltbetterthen.Rhea’swords______mewhat,asawriter,Isurelyhavefaithin:thepowerofstory.Asonewritersaid,allwehaveisstories.It’swhatholdsourlifetogether.Wecallstoriesscience,somestoriesmyth〔神话〕,butimaginehearingforthefirsttimethattheworldmayberound.Suchstoriesonlybecomerealwhenwe______them.Andsomestoriesareneversupportedwithscientificfacts,buttheystillseemtoholdtrue.Forexample,tenyearsearlier,I’ddreamtthatIshouldgeta______,andbythatevening,Graciecameintomylife.Whenpeoplewouldaskwhatkindofdogshewas,IwouldsayMuppetwolfterrier〔小猎狗〕.ItwassomethingI______becauseIbelievedGraciewashalfdog,halfwolf.Sowhynotimaginenowthatshewasoffonanadventureexploringherwolfside?Thefourthdays