实用综合英语

实用综合英语ChristmasChristmasorChristmasDayisanannualcommemorationofthebirthofJesusChrist,celebratedgenerallyonDecember25asareligiousandculturalholidaybybillionsofpeoplearoundtheworld.AfeastcentraltotheChristianliturgicalyear,itclosestheAdventseasonandinitiatesthetwelvedaysofChristmastide.Christmasisacivilholidayinmanyoftheworld'snations,iscelebratedbyanincreasingnumberofnon-Christians,andisanintegralpartoftheChristmasandholidayseason.PopularWesternFestivalsSt.Valentine’sDaySt.Valentine’sDayiscelebratedeveryyearonFebruary14.ItisanimportanttraditionalfestivalinWesterncountrieswherepeoplepreparechocolates,greetingcardsandflowers.St.Valentine’sDayisthetimeforexpressingone’sloveandformakingaproposalofmarriagetoone’sbeloved.Today,St.Valentine’sDayhasbecomepopularthroughouttheworldsopeopleareveryfamiliarwiththefestival.

PopularWesternFestivalsAprilFool’sDayApril1isknownasAprilFool’sDay.Peopleseldomcareaboutitsorigin.AccordingtocustomofWesterncountries,onthisdate,peopletellliestomakeafoolofothers.Themoreingeniousthelie,thebettertheliarwillbeadored.ThosewhoarefooledonAprilFool’sDayarecalledAprilFools.Whensomeonesuccessfullyfoolsothers,hesmilesandsays“AprilFool’s!”,andthefoolwilllaughastheysuddenlyrealizewhathashappened.

PopularWesternFestivalsHalloweenNovember1isAllSaints’DayinWesterncountries.TheeveningofOctober31iscalledAllHallowsEve,frequentlyreferredtoasHalloween.ItoriginatedintheCeltictribesinCentralandWesternEuropearound1000B.C.AccordingtoCelticpeople,onOctober31everyyear,Samhain(thegodofthedead)andthegodofdarknesswoulddrivethesoulsofthedeadtopriests.NowadaysHalloweenisafavoritefestivalamongkidsbecausetheycanbenaughtyandhavealotoffunduringthefestival.

PopularWesternFestivalsSpringFestival

TheSpringFestival,isthemostimportantfestivalfortheChinesepeopleandiswhenallfamilymembersgettogether.TheSpringFestivalfallsonthe1stdayofthe1stlunarmonth,oftenonemonthlaterthantheGregoriancalendar.TheChineseNewYearcelebrationsaremarkedbyvisitstokin,relativesandfriends,apracticeknownas"new-yearvisits"(BainianinPinyin).

ChineseFestivalsLanternFestival

TheLanternFestivalisaChinesefestivalcelebratedonthefifteenthdayofthefirstmonthinthelunaryearintheChinesecalendar.YouwillneverconfuseitwiththeMid-AutumnFestival.TheLanternFestivalofficiallyendstheChineseNewYear.PeoplewilleatTangyuan,orricedumplings,whichinChinesehasasimilarpronunciationwith"tuanyuan",tastingsweetanddelicious.

ChineseFestivalsDragonBoatFestival

TheDuanwuFestivalisatraditionalandstatutoryholidayassociatedwithChineseculture.TheDragonBoatFestival,the5thdayofthe5thlunarmonth,hashadahistoryofmorethan2,000years,andthisisthesourceofthealternativenameofDoubleFifth.ItisusuallyinJuneintheGregoriancalendar.Thebest-knowntraditionalstoryholdsthatthefestivalcommemoratesthedeathofthepoetQuYuanoftheancientstateofChu,intheWarringStatesPeriodoftheZhouDynasty.ChineseFestivalsWhatdoesChristmasmeantoyou?Doyoucelebratethisfestival?Doyouthinkit’simportanttopreservetheChinesetraditionsfestivals?

GroupDiscussionDivisionofTextAThetextcanbedividedinto3parts:Part1(Paragraphs1-4):

Part1describeshowdisappointed“I”wasatmother’sdecisiontospendtheChristmasholidayatgrandma’s.Part2(Paragraphs5-10):

Part2narrateshowwespentChristmasatgrandma’s.Part3(Paragraph11):

Part3concludesthattheChristmasholidaywasameaningfuloneand“I”learnedalotfromit.FurtherUnderstanding1.2.WhydidthewriterfeelthatitwasgoingtobetheworstChristmaswhendrivingtothegrandma’s?Whatlessondoyouthinkthewriterlearnedfromtheexperience?Shelearnedthatitwasaverybeautifulthingtogive.Questions:Becauseshehadintendedtospendtheholidaywithherfriends.KeyKeyDetailedReading我本来想和我的朋友共度这个特殊的日子，而不是和几个住在破旧农场里的亲戚。SentenceTranslation:Ihadplannedtoobservethisspecialoccasionwithmyfriends,insteadofsomerelativeslivingatanoldfarm.Sentence

Paraphrase:这句话中hadintended是过去完成体的想象性用法，表示与过去事实相反的主观设想。除了动词intend可以以过去完成体出现表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图外，还有hope,expect,think,mean(=intend),want,suppose等动词。如：Structural

Analysis:-Ihadexpectedyoutocomeearliertohelpme.-IhadhopedtoseehimbeforeIleft,buthecouldn’tcome.我本来指望你早点来给我帮忙的。我本来希望走之前见他一面的，但他没能来。“Ihadintendedtosharethisspecialtimewithmyfriends,notsomerelativesatanoldfarm.”DetailedReading我们都快忘了甜点，直到妈妈端出了最后的惊喜——一个火焰圣诞布丁。

SentenceTranslation:-Finally,momcameoutwithaflamingChristmaspudding,whichwasabigsurprise.Beforethatmoment,noonerememberedthatadessertwouldbeserved.Sentence

Paraphrase:这句话中包含了until引导的时间状语从句。until在这里的意思相当于before，意思是“在……以前”。until既可作为连词引导时间状语从句，也可作为介词，引导时间状语。Structural

Analysis:-Youcangetfreemedicalcareuntilyouare18.-Thefairiesdanceduntildawn.十八岁之前你都一直可以接受免费医疗。精灵们跳舞直到天亮。“Dessertwasforgottenuntilmomcameoutwiththefinalsurprise--aflamingChristmaspudding!

”DetailedReadingintendCollocations:beintendedfor

打算给……beintendedas

为……而准备Examples::-Theseflowersareintendedforyou.这些花是打算给你的。-Themilitaryexerciseisintendedasashowofforce.这次军事演习是为了显示威力。DetailedReadingotherwiseIdiomatic

Expressions:andotherwise

等等，及其他orotherwise

用其他方法，或相反butotherwise

然而在别的方面却actotherwisethanonesays

言行不一unlessotherwisementioned

除非另有说明otherwise既可作副词，也可作连词。另外，otherwise有时也可作形容词使用，意思是“别的情况下的”。如：-Weweregoingforawalk,butitwasraining.Wedecidedtodootherwise(adv.).-Enemiescanalsobeotherwise(adj.)friends.otherwise作为连词时，属于等立连词，连接两个并列分句。一般在otherwise前用逗号或分号和第一个分句隔开。如：Grammar

Notes:-Youmustworkhard;otherwiseyouwillnotlearnEnglishwell.DetailedReadingdowithUsefulExpressionswith“Do”:doawaywith

废除，取消doup

扣上（扣子等）；把（头发）扎起来dowithout

没有……也行；将就词组dowith在文中的意思是“处理，处置”。如：-Whatdidyoudowiththekeys?OtherUsagesof“DoWith”——“想要，需要”，常和could或can连用：——“容忍，忍受”，用于否定句：-Youcandowithahaircut.-Ican’tdowithhisrudemanner.VocabularySynonymsandAntonymssynonym

antonym

perfect

complete

bright

joy

decoration

bored

surely

display

gather

intendmeanimperfectincompletedarkdelightornamentexcited,

enthusiasticcertainlyexhibitassemble

faultlessentiresorrowNewYear’sDayNewYear'sDayisobservedonJanuary1,thefirstdayoftheyearonthemodernGregoriancalendaraswellastheJuliancalendarusedinancientRome.WithmostcountriesusingtheGregoriancalendarastheirmaincalendar,NewYear'sDayistheclosestthingtobeingtheworld'sonlytrulyglobalpublicholiday,oftencelebratedwithfireworksatthestrokeofmidnightasthenewyearstarts.January1ontheJuliancalendarcurrentlycorrespondstoJanuary14ontheGregoriancalendar,anditisonthatdatethatfollowersofsomeoftheEasternOrthodoxchurchescelebratetheNewYear.NewYear'sDayisapostalholidayintheUnitedStates.BackgroundInformationGrammarhave/has+动词过去分词构成功能ThePresentPerfectTense1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果.例如:Ihavejustcleanedmyclothes.

我刚洗过衣服.("洗衣服"是发生在过去的动作,结果是"衣服干净了")2.表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,也可以表示实质可能继续下去的动作或状态.这时往往与表示一段的时间状语连用.例如:Ihavebeenhereforjustovertwoyears.

我到这里才两年多.Hehasworkedheresince1989.

从1989年,他就在这里工作.3.现在完成时属于现在时态范围，因此，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。如:yesterday,lastnight,twoweeksago等,但可以和never,ever,already,yet,just,for…,since…等连用.例如:Haveyoufinishedyourworkyet?

你已经完成你的工作了吗？Ihaveneverheardthatbefore.

过去,我从未听说过那件事.Grammarhad+动词过去分词构成功能ThePastPerfectTense1.表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，也有可能早已结束或完成。例如：WhenhewasinBeijing,hevisitedplaceswherehehadplayedasachild.

他在北京的时候游览了他儿时曾玩过的地方。2.表示一个过去的动作先于另一过去的动作的用法，这种情况多见于宾语从句。例如：Herememberedthathehadleftthekeyathome.

他记得他把钥匙落家了。3.表示一个动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且到那时还未结束，仍有继续下去的可能性。例如：Byseveno’clocktheworkerhadworkedfortenhours.

到七点钟为止，那位工人已经工作十个小时了。4.表示意向的动词，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本……，未能……”。例如：Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn’t.我们本希望你能来，但是你没来。GrammarTheDifferencesBetweenThePastPerfectTense&ThePresentPerfectTense过去完成时与一般过去时的区别：（1）过去完成时与一般过去时都可以和确定的过去时间状语连用，但意思有明显区别。试比较：Hehadfinishedhishomeworkbyeight.

他到八点钟的时候已经完成家庭作业了。Hefinishedhishomeworkateight.

他在八点钟完成了家庭作业。（2）用在宾语从句中，主句谓语为一般过去时的宾语从句中，既可用一般过去时，也可用过去完成时。但两种时态的意义明显不同。试比较：Hesaidhewasasoldier.

他说他是位军人。Hesaidhehadbeenasoldier.

他说他曾当过兵。（3）在含有before的主从复合句中，一般情况下，在从句中使用一般过去时，主句中使用过去完成时。例如：Jackhadfinishedhishomeworkbeforehewentoutshopping.

杰克在购物前已经完成了他的家庭作业。注：before本身就能明确地表示时间的先后关系，故多数主从句均使用一般过去时，而无需使用过去完成时。例如：Somepeopleleftforhomebeforethefilmended.

电影尚未放完，有些人就起身回家了。PracticalWritingHowtoWriteAmazingGreetingCardsThetipsbelowareheretohelpyouwriteyourownsentiments:✓TakethetimetofindanCardthatbestmatchesyourfeelingsandmood.Chooseanimagethatiscolorfulinawaythatwillrelatetoyourcontent.✓Takeafewminutestothinkyourmessagethrough.Whateveryouhaveinmind,jotitdownonaseparatepieceofpaperandwriteitinthecardatalatertime.I'mnotencouragingplagiarismbutwhilereadingothercardsyoucouldbeinspiredforwhattowriteinyourowncard.✓Insteadofwritinganotefindapoemthatexpressesyourwishesandmakesuretowritethenameofthepoetalongwiththepoem.Therearenumerouspoetrywebsitesthatyoucanlookat.✓Remembertobesincerewhenwritingyourmessage.Itdoesn'tmatterwhatyou'rewritingandyoudon'thavetobeeloquentorlongwinded-justbesincere.Takethetimetothinkitthroughthen"putpentopaper".PracticalWritingHowtoWriteAmazingGreetingCards✓WhenwritinganniversaryCards-bepassionate,bringupthegoodpast,showappreciationfortheeffortputbyyourpartnerandendwithpositivewordsforthefuture.✓WhenwritingbirthdayCards-considerhowthebirthdaypersonwouldliketoregardhis/herownbirthday.Dotheyregarditjustasanotherday?ordotheyliketobethecenterofeventsforthatday?Complementthemfortheiraccomplishmentsinthepassingyear,orthespecialsidesoftheircharacter.✓WhenwritinggetwellCards-wishthepersonfastrecoveryandaddsomehumortoyourcontent.Bepositiveaboutthefutureandtrytoavoidrelatingtotheillnessorcurrentdifficultythatthepersonisundergoing.✓WhenwritingthankyouCards-praisethehelpyouweregiven,mentiontheeventthatcausedyoufeelgood,orrecallthesituationthatmadeyoufeelspecialinthepresenceofthepersonyouarewritingthethank-you-notefor.✓Aspecialnoteaboutholidaygreetings-Everyyearwetendtoforgetthattheholidaysareagreatopportunitytorefreshanddeepenourconnectionswithfriendsandfamily.Easter,forexample,isatimethatfillsuswithhopeandwarmth.Wesurroundourselveswithpeopleweloveandcelebratethisjoyfultimeofyear-putaremindertoyourselftosendeCardstothem.Evenifyourememberandfind