专题12 2021年高考英语阅读理解说明文专练-新冠病毒

专题122021年高考英语阅读理解说明文专练-新冠病毒Passage1说明文|使用一定的振动频率来破坏病毒的全新方法Scientistsmayonedaybeabletodestroyvirusesinthesamewaythatoperasingersbreakwineglasses.Newresearchmathematicallydeterminedthefrequenciesatwhichsimplevirusescouldbeshakentodeath.Thecapsid（壳）ofavirusissomethingliketheshellofaturtle,saidphysicistOttoSankeyofArizonaStateUniversity.“Iftheshellcanbedamagedbymechanicalvibrations（震动）,theviruscanbedestroyed.”Recentexperimentalevidencehasshownthatlaser（激光）pulseswiththerightfrequencycankillcertainviruses.However,locatingtheseresonant（共振的）frequenciesisabitoftrialanderror.Experimentsmusttryvariousconditions,Sankeysaid.Tofurtherthissearch,SankeyandhisstudentEricDykemanhavedevelopedawaytocalculatethevibrationsofeveryatominavirusshell.Fromthis,theycandeterminethelowestresonantfrequencies.Anexperimenthasrecentlyshownthatpulsesoflaserlightcancausedestructivevibrationsinvirusshells.Sankeysaid,“Likepushingachildonaswingfromrest,onesuddenpushgetsthevirusshaking.”However,itisdifficulttocalculatewhatsortofpushwillkillavirus,sincetherecanbemillionsofatomsinitsshellstructure.Adirectcalculationofeachatom'smovementswouldtakeseveralhundredthousandGigabytesofcomputermemory,Sankeyexplained.Theteamplanstousetheirtechniquetostudyother,morecomplicatedviruses.However,itisstillalongwayfromusingthistodestroythevirusesininfectedpeople.“Thisissuchanewfield,andtherearesofewexperimentsthatthesciencehasnotyethadenoughtimetoproveitself,”Sankeysaid.“Weremainhopefulbutremainskepticalatthesametime.”12．Whatisthenewwaytokillviruses?A．Replacingviruses'capsidswithshells.B．Breakingviruses'capsidsbyvibration.C．Locatingthepositionofcertainviruses.D．Damagingtheconditionsthatviruseslike.13．WhydoesSankeymention“pushingachildonaswing”inParagraph4?A．Toprovehowsimplethenewtheoryis.B．Toexplainhowtostartthevirusshaking.C．Tosuggesttheideacomesfromourreallife.D．Toshowthedestructivepowerofvibrations.14．Whatisthefifthparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theshellstructureofviruses.B．Thelackofcomputermemory.C．Thechallengingpartoftheresearch.D．Theimportanceofatoms'movement.15．WhatisSankey'sattitudetowardsthetheory?A．Disapproving.B．Worried.C．Uncaring.D．Positive.【答案】12.B13.B14.C15.D【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了一种使用一定的振动频率来破坏病毒的全新方法。细节理解题。根据第二段的Thecapsid（壳）ofavirusissomethingliketheshellofaturtle和Iftheshellcanbedamagedbymechanicalvibrations（震动）,theviruscanbedestroyed.可知，病毒有一层外壳，如果受到机械振动则可以将其破坏，病毒就可以毁灭。故选B。推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句Likepushingachildonaswingfromrest，onesuddenpushgetsthevirusshaking•可知，就像从秋千上推孩子一样，一个突然的推动就会让病毒颤抖，因此推断，Sankey是用类比的方式帮助读者了解这种破坏病毒原理。故选B。主旨大意题。根据第五段的内容可知，由于病毒的外壳结构中可能有数百万个原子，因此很难计算出哪种推动会杀死病毒。直接计算每个原子的运动将需要消耗大量计算机内存，因此本段主要讲的是在这项研究中会遇到的主要问题。故选Co推理判断题。根据全文的最后一段的Weremainhopefulbutremainskepticalatthesametime•（我们仍然充满希望，但同时保持怀疑）可知，Sankey对这项新技术的未来是有信心的。故选D。Passage2说明文|戒烟有助于改善肺部功能以抵御新冠病毒的侵袭WiththeCovid-19virussweepingtheglobe,thescienceonquittingsmokingofferswelcomenewsforsmokerswhowanttobuilduptheirdefensesincasetheycontractthevirus.Thoughitmaystilltakemanymonthsforasmoker'slungstohealfromdamagecausedbylong-termsmoking,yourhealthcannoticeablyimproveinthedaysandweeksafterquittinginwaysthatcouldmakeadifferenceagainstthevirus.Covid-19createsanaddedsenseofurgency,andthere'senoughreasontobelievethatquittingsmokingduringthepandemic（流行病）couldincreasesyouropportunitiesoffightingoffthevirus.Ifyoumakethedecisiontoquit,thecilia（纤毛）inyourlungsareoneofthefirstpartsofyourbodytoheal.Thesehair-likeprojectionswavebackandforthlikeabrushasairmovesinandoutofyourlungs.Theyhelpyourbodyfightoffcoldsandinfection.Theyalsohelpclearmucus（黏液），soifthey'renotfunctioningaswellastheyshould,mucuscanbuildupinthelungs.Yourbody'stendencytocoughduringaninfectionhelpsinspirethebodilyprocessofclearingoutmucus.That'svitalinfightingtheCovid-19condition.Theelderlyareatagreaterriskfortoomuchlungfluidthatoftenlimitsbreathingfollowingcoronavirusinfectionbecausetheydon'thaveastrongenoughcoughtoclearitup.Asecondshort-termgainfromquittingsmokingcomesfromreducingongoinginflammation（炎症）inyourbody,whichcanmakeyouinfectCovid-19moreeasily.Havingyourlungsinasgoodofshapeasyoucanincaseofacoronavirusinfectioniskey.Besideslung-relatedissues,quittingsmokingcanalsodeliverhealthybenefitstotheheartthatcouldhelppreventpossibleheartattacks,whichareanothercauseofdeathinCovid-19cases.Afteryouquitsmoking,yourbloodbecomesthinnerandlesspossibletosetting.Heartattacksarelesslikely.Onereasonthishappensisbecausesmokingmakesitharderforthehearttodistributebloodthroughoutthebody.8．Whatistheuseofthelungcilia?A．Cleaningupthelungs.B．KillingtheCovid-19virus.C．Predictinglunginfections.D．Reducingbreathingdifficulty.9．Whyaretheoldathigherrisktothecoronavirus?A．Theycannotgooutduringthepandemic.B．Thereistoomuchmucusintheirlungs.C．Mostofthemareheavysmokersforyears.D．Theyarelackinginthecareoftheirchildren.10．Whatgooddoesquittingsmokingdotoheart？A．Strengthentheheartmuscle.B．Turnbloodtobemuchthicker.CC．Makethebloodflowsmoother.D．Speedtheheartbeatupapparently.11．Whatisthetextmainlyabout？A．QuittingsmokingcanhelpdefendtheCovid-19.B．Waystomakeadifferenceagainstcoronaviruses.C．TheCovid-19virusisthreateninghumansworldwide.D．Protectingthesmokers'lungstohealfromdamage.【答案】8.A9.BIO.Cll.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，戒烟有助于改善肺部功能以抵御新冠病毒的侵袭。.细节理解题。由第二段中的“Thesehair-likeprojectionswavebackandforthlikeabrushasairmovesinandoutofyourlungs.Theyhelpyourbodyfightoffcoldsandinfection.Theyalsohelpclearmucus（黏液）,soifthey'renotfunctioningaswellastheyshould,mucuscanbuildupinthelungs.”（当空气进出肺部时，这些毛发状的突起像刷子一样来回摆动。它们帮助你的身体抵御感冒和感染。它们也有助于清除粘液，所以如果它们的功能不好，粘液会在肺部积聚。），可知肺部纤毛的作用是清洁肺部。故选A项。.细节理解题。由第二段中的'Theelderlyareatagreaterriskfortoomuchlungfluidthatoftenlimitsbreathingfollowingcoronavirusinfectionbecausetheydon'thaveastrongenoughcoughtoclearitup."（老年人患冠状病毒感染后肺液过多的风险更大，因为他们没有足够强烈的咳嗽来消除肺部积液。，，可知老年人肺部积水更多导致他们感染病毒的风险更大。故选B项。纟田节理解题。由最后一段中的“Afteryouquitsmoking,yourbloodbecomesthinnerandlesspossibletosetting.Heartattacksarelesslikely.Onereasonthishappensisbecausesmokingmakesitharderforthehearttodistributebloodthroughoutthebody.”（戒烟后，你的血液变得稀薄，不太可能凝固。心脏病发作的可能性较小。发生这种情况的一个原因是吸烟使心脏更难将血液输送到全身。），可知戒烟会使血液流动更加顺畅。故选C项。11.主旨大意题。由第一段第一句“WiththeCovid-19virussweepingtheglobe,thescienceonquittingsmokingofferswelcomenewsforsmokerswhowanttobuilduptheirdefensesincasetheycontractthevirus."（随着Covid-19病毒席卷全球，戒烟科学为那些想增强防御能力以防感染病毒的吸烟者带来了可喜的消息。）和第一段最后一句“Covid-19createsanaddedsenseofurgency,andthere'senoughreasontobelievethatquittingsmokingduringthepandemic（流行病）couldincreasesyouropportunitiesoffightingoffthevirus."（Covid-19会增加一种紧迫感，而且有足够的理由相信在大流行期间戒烟可以增加抵抗病毒的机会。，可知本文论述戒烟有助于抵御新冠病毒的侵袭。故选A项。Passage3说明文|北极海冰的融化导致一种致命病毒在海洋哺乳动物中的传播ThedeclineinseaiceseenintheArcticinrecentdecadeshasbeenlinkedbyscientiststothespreadofadeadlyvirusinmarine（海洋的）mammals.ResearchersfoundthatPhocinedistempervirus（PDV）hadspreadfromanimalsintheNorthAtlantictopopulationsintheNorthPacific.AccordingtotheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange,theicehasbeenretreatingbyaround12%perdecadebetween1979and2018.TheseseaicechangesinSeptember（2018）arelikelyunprecedented（前所未有的）foratleast1,000years.“Between1979and2018,therealproportion（比例）ofmulti-yearicethatisatleastfiveyearsoldhasdeclinedbyapproximately90%,”theIPCCsaidintheirreportontheoceansandthecryosphere（冰冻圈）publishedinSeptember.Againstthischangingbackground,researchershaveinvestigatedthelikelyspreadofthePDVinfection,whichcausedalargenumberofdeathsamongharboursealsintheNorthAtlanticin2002.Meltingseaiceisnowconnectingmarinemammals,liketheseStellersealions,whichwereformerlyseparatedbyice.“Asanimalsmoveandcomeincontactwithotherspecies,theycarryopportunitiestointroduceandcatchnewinfectiousdisease,withpotentiallydestructiveeffects.”saidauthorDrTraceyGoldstein,fromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis.TheauthorswarnthatthistrendcouldcontinueastheybelieveclimatedrivenchangesintheArcticoceanwillincrease.TheopportunitiesforthespreadofPDVwilllikelygrow,withuncertainhealthoutcomesformanyspecies.8．Whatdoestheword“populations”inparagraph1referto?A．Themarinemammals.B．Thepeople.C．Thevirus.D．Thelandanimals.9．Whatarethestatisticsinparagraph2about?A．Thelossofseaice.B．Theformationofseaice.C．Theeffectofseaice.D．Theproportionofseaice.10．Whatdoesparagraph3trytotellus?A．Howmarinemammalsadapttotheirhabitats.B．HowalargenumberofsealsdiedintheArctic.C．Howmeltingiceislinkedtothespreadofvirus.D．Howmarinemammalslivewiththemeltingice.11．Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A．Entertainment.B．Health.C．Education.D．Nature.【答案】8.A9.A10.Cll.D【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述北极海冰的融化导致一种致命病毒在海洋哺乳动物中的传播，并且随着气候变化的增加，这种病毒的传播也可能会增加。8.词义猜测题。根据文章第一段ThedeclineinseaiceseenintheArcticinrecentdecadeshasbeenlinkedbyscientiststothespreadofadeadlyvirusinmarine(海洋的)mammals.ResearchersfoundthatPhocinedistempervirus(PDV)hadspreadfromanimalsintheNorthAtlantictopopulationsintheNorthPacific.近几十年来，北极海冰的减少与一种致命病毒在海洋哺乳动物中的传播有关。研究人员发现，Phocinedistemper病毒(PDV)已从北大西洋的动物传播到北太平洋的种群。根据上文说主要在海洋哺乳动物中传播，由此可以推断本句populations就是海洋哺乳动物，故选A。细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句AccordingtotheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange,theicehasbeenretreatingbyaround12%perdecadebetween1979and2018.根据政府间气候变化专门委员会(IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange)的数据，从1979年到2018年，冰层以每10年约12%的速度消融，由此可知本段的数据统计都是关于海冰减少的。故选A。推理判断题。根据文章第三段Meltingseaiceisnowconnectingmarinemammals,liketheseStellersealions,whichwereformerlyseparatedbyice.“Asanimalsmoveandcomeincontactwithotherspecies,theycarryopportunitiestointroduceandcatchnewinfectiousdisease,withpotentiallydestructiveeffects.”saidauthorDrTraceyGoldstein,fromtheUniversityofCalifornia,Davis.融化的海冰现在连接着海洋哺乳动物，像这些虎头海狮，它们以前被冰隔开。他说：“当动物迁徙并与其他物种接触时，它们就有机会引入并感染新的传染病，这可能会带来破坏性的影响。”来自加州大学戴维斯分校的特蕾西•戈尔茨坦博士说。由此可推断，本段在试图告诉我们融化的海冰是怎样同病毒传播连接的，故选C。推理判断题。文章主要讲述北极海冰的融化与一种致命病毒在海洋哺乳动物中的传播有关，并且随着气候变化的增加，这种病毒的传播也可能会增加。可知文章主题和自然相关，由此推断文章可能来自于报纸上关于自然部分的，故选D。AA．Concerned.B．Critical.Passage4说明文|新冠病毒大流行3D打印设备生产口罩OscarValeralikestouse3Dprinterstobuildacollectionofcrafts（模型）,butheisnowturninghishobbytowardthefightagainstthecoronaviruspandemic（新冠大流行）.Injustfourdays,theNewJerseyhighschoolteacherhasprintedanddistributed200facemaskstomedicalprofessionalsacrossthecountry,includingFloridaandTexas.Heisfarfromdone.“Onewomantoldmewhatyou'redoingrightnowisgivingpeoplepeaceofmind.You'reprobablysavinglives,”saidValera,whofoundamaskdesignpostedonline.Demandforfacemasks,alongwithN95-masksandotherpersonalprotectiveequipment（PPE）hasincreasedwiththesurge（大量涌现）ofpatientsinfectedwiththehighlyinfectiousvirus.Thathaspromptedvolunteer3DprinterslikeValeratostepintosupportdoctors,nursesandfirstresponders,whoareallindangerofcontractingthesometimesdeadlyillness.InSunnyvale,California,communityworkspacenonprofitMakerNexushasbeenrunningits133Dprintersandthreelasercutters（激光切割机）nonstop.Thecompanyproduced1,800masksforlocalhospitalsandnowhasrequestsforanother13,000.ElsewhereinSiliconValley,morecompaniesarejoiningin.Fremont-basedPrinterPrezz,a3D-printingmedicaldevicecontractmanufacturerthatspecializesinmetalspinalimplants,switchedproductiontoprintingPPEaftergettingarequestfromnearbyWashingtonHospitalHealthcareSystem.SnapLab,aunitofSnapInc,isalsoproducingfacemaskstodonatetohospitals.InNewJersey,Valerasaidhewillcontinuetodohispart.“Idon'tminddoingthis,”Valerasaid.“IjusthatethefactthatIhave.”4．WhatdoweknowaboutOscarValera?A．Heisaprofessionalcraftsman.B．Heishelpingmedicalworkertosavelives.C．Headoptstheonlinemaskdesign.D．Heisforcedtoprintfacemasks.5．Howmanyenterprisesarementionedtohelpproducemedicalequipment?A．2.B．3.C．4.D．5.6．What'sthetoneoftheauthorwhenreportingthenews?CC．Objective.D．Enthusiastic.7．What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．ATeacher'sCreativitytoProduceMasks.B．3DPrintersHelpMakeFacemasks.C．FaceMasksAreinGreatDemand.D．TheFightAgainstthePandemic.【答案】4.C5.B6.C7.B【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了在新冠病毒大流行的形势下，美国出现了很多志愿者个人及企业使用3D打印设备生产口罩及其他医疗防护设备来应对市场的需求。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句中"...saidValera,whofoundamaskdesignpostedonline."可知，OscarValera采用的是网上发布的口罩设计。故选C项。细节理解题。根据第四段中“InSunnyvale,California,communityworkspacenonprofitMakerNexus..第五段中“Fremont-basedPrinterPrezz,a3D-printingmedicaldevicecontractmanufacturer."及最后一段中“SnapLab,aunitofSnapInc,isalsoproducingfacemasks..."可知，文章共提到三家企业帮助生产医疗设备。故选B项。推理判断题。通读文章可知，在新冠病毒大流行的形势下，美国出现了很多志愿者个人及企业使用3D打印设备生产口罩及其他医疗防护设备来应对市场的需求，本文主要是对这个社会现象进行客观报道，由此可推测，作者是以“客观的"口吻报道。故选C项。主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了在新冠病毒大流行的形势下，美国出现了很多志愿者个人及企业使用3D打印设备生产口罩及其他医疗防护设备来应对市场的需求，所以B项“3D打印机帮助制造口罩”最适合作本文标题。故选B项。Passage5说明文ICOVID-19疫情引发了对机器人需求的激增Robotshavecertainadvantagescomparedtohumans:Theyareefficient,tireless,canberepairedwhendamagedandtheynevergetsick.ThislasttraithasmadethemthestarduringourfightagainsttheCOVID-19pandemic.Whilehundredsofthousandsofmedicalworkershavefallenilldealingwiththishighlyinfectiousvirusandalotmoreareforcedtostayathomeforfearofgettingthedisease,thisisn'taproblemforrobots.ThisiswhytheCOVID-19outbreakisseenasthe"tippingpoint"—notedTheIndependentSciencereporterAnthonyCuthbertson—forrobotstostarttoreplacehumansincertainjobs.Inareaslikehospitalsandhealthcarefacilities,robotsareusedtoperformhigh-risktasks.InChina,forexample,ahotelinHangzhouemployedarobotnamed"LittlePeanut"todeliverfoodtopeopleunderquarantine.InSpain,robotsareabouttobeusedtotestpeopleforthecoronavirus."Hospitalsaroundtheworldarewakinguptoautonomousdisinfection,"PerJuulNielsen,CEOofDenmark'sUVDRobots,aleadingcompanymanufacturingdisinfectionrobot,toldForbes."Wecan'tbuildtheserobotsfastenough."Innon-medialcompanies,robotsarealsoreplacinghumanemployeessincetheydon'thavetheproblemofsocialdistancingandwillnevertakesickleave.WalmartandAmazon,forexample,whererobotsarealreadyusedinsorting,packingandshipping,areplanningtoincreasethenumberofrobotsintheirfacilities.AccordingtofuturistMartinFord,usingmorerobotsthanhumanemployeescanprovetoberewardingforcompaniesevenwhenthepandemicisover."Peoplewillprefertogotoaplacethathasfewerworkersandmoremachinesbecausetheyfeeltheycanloweroverallrisk,"FordtoldtheBBC．Butthissuddensurgeinrobotdemanddoesn'tmeanthattheytriumphoverhumansineveryaspect.AccordingtoBillSmart,aroboticistatOregonStateUniversity,thehumancontactbetweendoctorsandpatientsisstillimportant.Doctorscomfortthepatientsandguidethemthroughharddecisionswhilerobotsareonlydoingroutinetasks,likecleaningandgivingtests,justtofreeupdoctorsandnurses.Itmightbetruethatrobotshavecertainadvantagesoverhumans,buttheyarestillsecondarytohumaninteraction.9．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Theadvantagesofrobotscomparedtohumans.B．WhytheCOVID-19outbreakhasfueledrobotdemand.C．Whyhumansplayalessimportantroleinfightingthepandemic.D．DifferentviewsonapplyingrobotstofightagainstCOVID-19.10．Whathasmaderobotsdesirableduringthepandemic?A．Theycanberepairedwhendamaged.B．Theydonotgetinfectedwithdiseases.C．Theytestpeopleforcoronavirusmoreprecisely.D．Theyaretirelessandcanreplacemedicalstaff.11．Whatcanweinferfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Humaninteractionisessentialinsomeareas.B．Thedemandforrobotsistoogreattomeet.C．Doctorscanmakemoreaccuratejudgmentsthanrobots.D．Robotsneedupdatingtoimprovecontactwithhumans.12．Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetotheapplicationofrobots?A．Skeptical.B．Conservative.C．Objective.D．Favorable.【答案】9.BIO.Bll.A12.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了COVID-19疫情引发了对机器人需求的激增，机器人开始取代人类从事某些工作。文章分析了这一现象产生的原因，不同领域的人对机器人取代人类员工的看法，以及机器人仍然存在的一些不足。主旨大意题。根据第二段ThisiswhytheCOVID-19outbreakisseenasthe"tippingpoint"—notedTheIndependentSciencereporterAnthonyCuthbertson—forrobotstostarttoreplacehumansincertainjobs.可知这就是为什么COVID-19疫情被视为“引爆点”——《独立科学》记者AnthonyCuthbertson指出机器人开始取代人类从事某些工作。结合文章主要说明了COVID-19疫情引发了对机器人需求的激增，机器人开始取代人类从事某些工作。文章分析了这一现象产生的原因，不同领域的人对机器人取代人类员工的看法，以及机器人仍然存在的一些不足。由此可知，这篇文章的主要内容是C0VID-19疫情为何引发机器人需求。故选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中Robotshavecertainadvantagescomparedtohumans:Theyareefficient,tireless,canberepairedwhendamagedandtheynevergetsick.ThislasttraithasmadethemthestarduringourfightagainsttheCOVID-19pandemic.可知与人类相比，机器人有一定的优势：它们效率高，不知疲倦，损坏后可以修复，而且永远不会生病。这最后一个特点使他们成为我们抗击COVID-19疫情期间的明星。由此可知，在COVID-19疫情期间，不会感染疾病让机器人备受青睐。故选B。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中AccordingtoBillSmart,aroboticistatOregonStateUniversity,thehumancontactbetweendoctorsandpatientsisstillimportant.（据俄勒冈州立大学的机器人专家BillSmart说，医生和病人之间的人际接触仍然很重要）以及最后一段Itmightbetruethatrobotshavecertainadvantagesoverhumans,buttheyarestillsecondarytohumaninteraction.（机器人可能比人类有一定的优势，但与人类的互动相比，它们仍然是次要的）由此从最后两段中可推知，在某些方面，人与人之间的互动是必不可少的。故选A。12．推理判断题。根据文章主要说明了COVID-19疫情引发了对机器人需求的激增，机器人开始取代人类从事某些工作。文章分析了这一现象产生的原因，不同领域的人对机器人取代人类员工的看法，以及机器人仍然存在的一些不足。文中主要引用了其他人的一些观点和看法，并未提到作者自身对于机器人在社会上应用的看法，由此可推知，作者对机器人的应用问题持客观态度。故选CoPassage6说明文|新冠肺炎应对飓风的工作复杂化ThestartoftheU.S.Atlantichurricaneseasonisjustovertwoweeksawayandforecastersareexpectingparticularlyhighactivitythisyear.WithwarmerthanusualconditionsexpectedintheNorthAtlanticthissummer,meteorologistshavepredictedthattheseasoncouldproduceeightormorehurricanes.Whileforecasterscannotpredicthowmanyhurricanes—ifany—willmakelandfall,thepotentialfordangerousstormstostrikethesouthernandeasterncoastsbringsanadditionalproblemforauthoritiesalreadystrugglingwiththeCOVID-19.ExpertssaythattheCOVID-19isaffectingthecapabilitiesoftheFederalEmergencyManagementAgency(FEMA)andotherorganizationsinvolvedinrespondingtonaturaldisasters.RetiredU.S.ArmyLieutenantGeneralJeffreyTalley,whonowleadsglobaleffortsondisastermanagementatIBM'sCenterfortheBusinessofGovernment,saidthatwithFEMAandotherauthoritiesengagedwithrespondingtotheCOVID-19,resourceswillbelimitedifahurricanestrikes.“Whenwelookatadisaster...Ithinkofitintermsofhowwepreparefor,respondtoandrecoverfromthosetypesofevents,”Talleysaid.“Rightnowwe'reinthemiddleoftheresponseofCOVID-19.Noneofusarereallysurehowlongit'sgoingtolastandhowtheresponsetodisastersisgoingtobedifferent,say,twomonthsfromnow,sixmonthsfromnow,soonandsoforth,”hesaid.AccordingtoTalley,theCOVID-19couldcomplicatetheresponsetoahurricanebyinterruptingtheflowofemergencysuppliestoareaswheretheyareurgentlyneededatcrucialmoments.Socialdistancingandstay-at-homeorderswillalsoforceauthoritiesalongthesouthandeastcoasttorethinkhowtheymanagepeoplewhomustleavetheirhomesintheeventofadisaster.Whilemanystatesarealreadyliftingsomelockdownrestrictions,socialdistancingwillstillbeimportantformanymonthstocome.12．WhenwillthefirsthurricanepossiblyarriveinUSthissummer?A．Inabouteightdays.B．Inaboutsixmonths.C．Inabouttwomonths.D．Inmorethantwoweeks.13．AccordingtoTalley,howcouldCOVID-19influencetheresponsetoahurricane?A．Morepeoplewillleavehometofightagainstahurricane.B．Rescuematerialsmightnotreachdisasterareassometimes.C．Lockdowncangreatlyreducedamageandinjury.D．Thepandemicmakesithardertopredicthurricanes.14．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Peoplethroughoutthecountrynolongerneedtostayathome.B．Thestategovernmentsareconfidentabouttacklinghurricanes.C．Authoritiesalongthecoastswillsticktotheformerorders.D．Itisnecessarytokeepsocialdistanceinthecomingmonths.15．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．MoreDestructiveHurricanestoBeExpected.B．MoreDifficulttoForecastHurricanesComing.C．COVID-19toWorsenHurricaneResponse.D．SocialDistancingNeededinComingMonths.【答案】12.D13.B14.D15.C【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了距离美国大西洋飓风季节的开始还有两个多星期，气象预报员预计今年的飓风活动会特别频繁。然而专家表示，C0VID-19正在影响美国联邦紧急事务管理局和其他参与应对自然灾害的组织的能力。应对自然灾害的官员说，新冠肺炎可能会中断向在关键时刻急需物资的地区运送紧急物资，从而使应对飓风的工作复杂化。细节理解题。根据第一段中ThestartoftheU.S.Atlantichurricaneseasonisjustovertwoweeksawayandforecastersareexpectingparticularlyhighactivitythisyear.可知距离美国大西洋飓风季节的开始还有两个多星期，气象预报员预计今年的飓风活动会特别频繁。由此可知，今年夏天第一场飓风将在未来两个多星期到达美国。故选D。13.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段AccordingtoTalley,theCOVID-19couldcomplicatetheresponsetoahurricanebyinterruptingtheflowofemergencysuppliestoareaswheretheyareurgentlyneededatcrucialmoments.可知据Talley说，新冠肺炎可能会中断向在关键时刻急需物资的地区运送紧急物资，从而使应对飓风的工作复杂化。由此可知，根据Talley的话，可知COVID-19会导致救援物资有时可能无法到达灾区，从而影响对飓风的响应。故选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段Socialdistancingandstay-at-homeorderswillalsoforceauthoritiesalongthesouthandeastcoasttorethinkhowtheymanagepeoplewhomustleavetheirhomesintheeventofadisaster.Whilemanystatesarealreadyliftingsomelockdownrestrictions,socialdistancingwillstillbeimportantformanymonthstocome.可知保持社会距离和留在国内的命令也将迫使南部和东部沿海地区的政府重新考虑如何管理那些在灾难发生时必须离开家园的人们。虽然许多州已经解除了一些封锁限制，但在未来几个月里，社交距离仍然很重要。由此可推知，在接下来的几个月里保持社交距离是必要的。故选Do15．主旨大意题。根据第三段ExpertssaythattheCOVID-19isaffectingthecapabilitiesoftheFederalEmergencyManagementAgency(FEMA)andotherorganizationsinvolvedinrespondingtonaturaldisasters.可知专家表示，COVID-19正在影响美国联邦紧急事务管理局和其他参与应对自然灾害的组织的能力。结合主要说明了距离美国大西洋飓风季节的开始还有两个多星期，气象预报员预计今年的飓风活动会特别频繁。然而专家表示COVID-19正在影响美国联邦紧急事务管理局和其他参与应对自然灾害的组织的能力。应对自然灾害的官员说，新冠肺炎可能会中断向在关键时刻急需物资的地区运送紧急物资，从而使应对飓风的工作复杂化。由此可知，C选项“C0VID-19将恶化对飓风的应对措施”最符合文章标题。故选CoPassage7说明文|介绍了机器人被用于医院，减少了医务人员接触可怕病毒的机会Robotsareoftencastinpopularsciencefictionasthebadcharactersthattakeovertheworldandenslavemankind.Butwiththebeginningofsomeseriousdiseases,robotsareincreasinglybeingemployedashelpers,takingonoftendull,difficultanddangeroustasksandthusreducinghumans'exposuretosometerrifyingvirus.IntheUnitedStates,twoofthemainwaysinwhichrobotictechnologyisbeingusedinthehospitalsaretodisinfect（消毒）hospitalroomsandactasatelemedicineportal,allowingdoctorsandhealthcareworkerstocommunicateviavideoconferencedirectlywithpatientswithoutunnecessarilyexposingthemselvestothosehighlyinfectiousvirus.InBoston,doctors,researchersandroboticsengineershaveteameduptobringafriendly,dog-like,four-leggedrobotnamedSpotintoBrighamandWomen'sHospital,allowingdoctorstocommunicatewithpatientsviatelemedicine.InMarch,atthestartofthepandemic,aleaguefromhospital,theMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandSpot'smanufacturer-BostonDynamnics,begantestingtherobot'sdesigntoenableSpottocommunicatewithpatients,thusreducingtheexposureoffrontlinehealthcareworkerstothevirus.Intheplaceofahead,SpothasaniPadaffixedtoastand,allowingdoctorstoconducttelemedicineserviceswiththeirpatients.“Mostpeopleactuallyreallylikeit,”saysDr.PeterChai,anemergencymedicinephysicianwhoshospital'schiefresearcherontherobotproject.Researchersareworkingtoincreasetherobot'sdiagnosticabilities,enablingittomeasurethepatientstemperatureandhisorherrespiratoryrate（呼吸率）.Chaipredictsthathospitalswillcontinuetofindmorewaystouserobots,andtiewonderswhetherrobotscandeliversuppliestoroomsorseepatientswithotherinfectiousdiseases12．Whatwordscanbestdescribethejobsrobotsareemployedtodo?A．Normalandeasy.B．Excitinganddangerous.C．Dirtyandcomplex.D．Frighteninganddifficult.13．WhyarerobotsbeingusedinAmericanhospitals?A．Tosavemoney.B．Toreplacedoctors.C．Toprotectdoctorsfrominfectingvirus.D．Todeliversuppliestopatientsanddoctors.14．WhatdoweknowaboutSpot?A．Itisafriendlydog.B．Itcandeliversuppliestohospitalrooms.C．Itcanhelpadjustthepatient'stemperature.D．Itallowsdoctorstoconducttelemedicineservices.15．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．SpottheRobotDogB．TrainRobotDoctorsC．RobotsBeingUsedinHospitalD．RobotsinPopularScienceFiction【答案】12.D13.C14.D15.C【解析】本文是说明文。文章通过例子介绍了机器人被用于医院，减少了医务人员接触可怕病毒的机会，通过机器人头部装置让医生和医护人员通过视频与患者沟通，对病人进行远程医疗服务。推理判断题。根据第一段中的Butwiththebeginningofsomeseriousdiseases,robotsareincreasinglybeingemployedashelpers,takingonoftendull,difficultanddangeroustasksandthusreducinghumans'exposuretosometerrifyingvirus.可知随着一些严重疾病的开始，机器人越来越多地被用作助手，承担枯燥、困难和危险的任务，从而减少了人类接触某些可怕病毒的机会。即机器人从事的是枯燥、困难和危险的任务，故选D。推理判断题。根据第一段中的reducinghumans'exposuretosometerrifyingvirus.和第二段中的actasatelemedicineportal,allowingdoctorsandhealthcareworkerstocommunicateviavideoconferencedirectlywithpatientswithoutunnecessarilyexposingthemselvestothosehighlyinfectiousvirus可知机器人被用于美国医院，是为了减少医务人员接触某些可怕病毒的机会，通过机器人让医生和医护人员通过视频与患者沟通，来防止医生感染病毒。故选Co细节理解题。根据第三段InBoston,doctors,researchersandroboticsengineershaveteameduptobringafriendly,dog-like,four-leggedrobotnamedSpotintoBrighamandWomen'sHospital,allowingdoctorstocommunicatewithpatientsviatelemedicine.和第四段Intheplaceofahead,SpothasaniPadaffixedtoastand,allowingdoctorstoconducttelemedicineserviceswiththeirpatients.可知Spot使医生通过远程医疗与患者沟通变为可能，通过Spot头部的iPad，医生对病人进行远程医疗服务。故选Do主旨大意题。文章通过例子介绍了机器人被用于医院，减少了医务人员接触可怕病毒的机会，通过机器人头部装置让医生和医护人员通过视频与患者沟通，对病人进行远程医疗服务。RobotsBeingUsedinHospital概括了文章内容，适合作为标题。故选C。Passage8调查报告|中国高中生对网络学习的态度最为积极ChinesehighschoolstudentshavethemostpositiveattitudetowardsonlinelearningcomparedwiththoseintheUnitedStates,JapanandtheRepublicofKorea(ROK),accordingtoareportreleasedbyChinaYouthDaily.Thestudy,conductedbyresearchersatChinaYouthandChildrenResearchCenter,includingtheircounterpartsintheotherthreecountries,covered3,903Chinesehighschoolstudents,1,521UShighschoolstudents,2,204Japanesehighschoolstudentsand1,618highschoolstudentsoftheROK.Thereportshowedthatmostofthesurveyedstudentsinthefourcountriesembraceonlinelearning.Onlinelearningisimportant"isperceivedby87.1percentofChinesestudents,and"on-learningisinteresting"issupportedby91.2percentofChinesestudents,bothalittlehigherthanthatinanyoftheotherthreecountries.Morethan94percentofChinesehighschoolstudentsbelievethatonlinelearningcanexpendscopeofknowledge,while86.8percentbelievethattheycanlearnfromfirst-classteachersviatheInternet,accordingtothereport.Throughonlinelearningcanpushtheboundariesoftimeandspace,thereportsaidthestudentswereeasilydistracted,addingthatstudentsinthefourcountriesexpressedsimilarconcernsuchaspoorvision,relianceontheInternetandlesseffortinproblem-solvingontheirown.8．WhatdomostChinesestudentsthinkofonlinelearning?A．Itisofgreatimportance.B．Itishelpfulbutkindofboring.C．Ithelpsthemstayfocusedathome.D．Itislessinterestingthanclassroomlearning.9．Whichcanbestexplain"embrace"underlinedinparagraph3?A．Schedule.B．Accept.C．Abandon.D．Update.10．Whichofthefollowingisoneoftheadvantagesofonlinelearning?A．Itmakesstudentsfeelatschool.B．Studentscanattendclassesgivenbyexcellentteachers.C．Studentswillworkharderwhentheyarelearningonline.D．Itenablesstudentstoknowmoreabouttheirclassmates.11．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．ChinaDailydidthestudy.B．Americanstudentsdislikeonlinelearning.C．Studentsintheworldenjoyonlinelearning.D．Onlinelearningmayleadtostudents'badeyesight.【答案】8.A9.BIO.Bll.D【解析】本文是一篇调查报告，据《中国青年报》近日发布的一份报告显示，与美国、日本和韩国相比，中国高中生对网络学习的态度最为积极；同时报道又指出了网络学习的利弊。细节理解题。本题题干意为：大多数中国学生对在线学习有什么看法?根据文章第一段Chinesehighschoolstudentshavethemostpositiveattitudetowardsonlinelearning,以及第四段Onlinelearningisimportant"isperceivedby87.1percentofChinesestudents.可以推断出，大多数的中国学生认为网络学习很重要。故选A。词义猜测题。由第二段Onlinelearningisimportant"isperceivedby87.1percentofChinesestudents,and"on-learningisinteresting"issupportedby91.2percentofChinesestudents,bothalittlehigherthanthatinanyoftheotherthreecountries.（87.1%的中国学生认为'在线学习很重要''，而91.2%的中国学生认为“在线学习很有趣”，这两个比例都略高于其他三个国家）可知，四个国家的学生是支持网上学习的。故选B。推理判断题。本题题干意为：下列哪项是网上学习的优势之一？根据文章第五段Morethan94percentofChinesehighschoolstudentsbelievethatonlinelearningcanexpendscopeofknowledge,while86.8percentbelievethattheycanlearnfromfirst-classteachersviatheInternet,accordingtothereport.（报告显示，超过94%的中国高中生认为网络学习可以拓展知识面，而86.8%的人认为他们可以通过网络向一流的老师学习）可知，C项：学生可以参加优秀教师的课程，符合题意。故选B。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段Throughonlinelearningcanpushtheboundariesoftimeandspace,thereportsaidthestudentswereeasilydistracted,addingthatstudentsinthefourcountriesexpressedsimilarconcernsuchaspoorvision,relianceontheInternetandlesseffortinproblem-solvingontheirown.报告称，由于在线学习跨越了时间和空间的界限，学生们很容易分心。此外，这四个国家的学生也表达了类似的担忧，比如视力不佳依赖网络、独立解决问题的能力较差。由此可知，在线学习可能会导致学生视力差。故选D。Passage9说明文|为什么有的人不易被感染Whyaresomepeoplebetterabletofightoffthefluthanothers?Partoftheanswer,accordingtoanewstudy,isrelatedtothefirstflustrainweencounterinchildhood.ScientistsfromUCLAandtheUniversityofArizonahavefoundthatpeople'sabilitytofightoffthefluvirusisdeterminednotonlybythesubtypesofflutheyhavehadthroughouttheirlives,butalsobythesequence（顺序）inwhichtheyhavebeeninf