初中英语上海牛津版八年级下册本册总复习总复习（区一等奖）

8BU3 ElectricityI Words1 electricity n. 电；电能 2 trick v. 哄骗;n.诡计；花招3 foolish a. 愚蠢的 4 bill n. 账单5 careful a. 小心的；谨慎的 6 clear a. 明白清楚的7 iron n. 熨斗 8 switch v. 开或关（电器）9 off ad. 不连接；不工作 10 lock v. （用锁）锁上11 test n. 试验 12 encourage v. 鼓励13 behave v. 表现 14 polite a. 有礼貌的15 staff n. 全体职员1 servant n. 仆人 2 wire n. 金属丝；金属线3 metre n. 计量器；计量表 4 measure v. 测量；度量5 monthly ad. 每月一次 6 explanation n. 解释；说明7 scratch v. 搔；挠 8 invisible a. 看不见的；隐形的9 bulb n. 电灯泡 10 bury v. 埋葬11 grin v. 露齿而笑 12 contain v. 包含；含有；容纳13 customer n. 顾客II Phrasesandexpressions1 inaway 在某种程度上 2 (be)carefulwith 小心对待；谨慎处理3 connect…to （使）连接；联络 4 powerstation 发电厂；发电站5 switchoff 关（点灯、机器等） 6 change…into… 把……变成……7 lookfoolish 看上去傻傻的 8 adangerousservant 一个危险的仆人9 apacketofsweets 一袋糖果 10 tricksb.=playatrickonsb.捉弄某人11 flowthroughawire 流经电缆 12 theamountyouuse 你使用的量13 whatitlookslike?=Howitlooks?=Whatitislike? 它看上去什么样？14 scratchone’shead 挠挠头 15 differentformsofenergy不同形式的能量16 thinkofanexample想出一个例子 17 electricalappliances 家用电器18 safetyfirst 安全第一 19 findsb.doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事20 mustn’tdo=notbeallowedtodo 不允许做某事21 It’shardtoimagine… 难以想象 22 allkindsofgoods 各种商品23 wonder=wanttoknow/don’tknow 想知道个III Wordtransformation1 serve v. service n. servant n.(人) services(公共服务业)2 electricityn. electric a. electrical a.3 foolish a. fool n./v. 4 explain v. explanation n.5 care n./v. careful/carelessa. carefully/carelessly ad.6 polite a. politely ad. 7 contain v. container n.8 power n. powerful a. 9 encourage v. encouragementn. 10 behave v. behaviorn.IV KeypointsA.Sentences1. Ametermeasurestheamountyouuse,andyougetabillforitmonthly.一个仪表测量你使用的数量，然后你每月会得到一份账单。句中的youuse作定语，修饰名词theamount。在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词并充当定语的从句叫定语从句，引导定语从句的词叫关联词。常见的关联词有关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose和关系副词where，when，why等。在定语从句中，如果指代物，我们用which；如果指代人，则用who，而that既可以指物也可以指人，作宾语时可以省略。如：. Thisisthepen(which/that)youwant.这是你要的笔。IstillremembertheplacewhereImetherforthefirsttime.我仍然记得我第一次见到她的地方。2. It’slikewater,inaway.在某种程度上，它像水一样。inaway在这里是“在某种程度上”的意思，相当于partly.. InawayIagreewithyou.在某种程度上我跟你意见一致。3. Canyoutellmewhatitlookslike?你能告诉我它是什么样子的吗？like在句中为介词，表示“像”，与what连用，相当于how，意思是“怎么样”，用来询问人和物固有的品质。. —Whatisyourfatherlike?=Howdoesyourfatherlooklike?你的爸爸长得什么样？—Heistallandthin.他又高又瘦。另外，how与like连用表示“觉得……怎么样”，相当于What...thinkof...？。如：. Howdoyoulikethenewfilm?=Whatdoyouthinkofthenewfilm?你觉得这部新电影怎么样？4. Nobody’severseenelectricity.没有人曾经看见过电。句中的’s是has的缩写，与后面的seen构成现在完成时结构。但是有时候我们也会遇到’s是is缩写的情况。. He’sneverlateforschool,ishe?他上学从来没有迟到过，是吗？5. Canyouthinkofanexample?你能想出一个例子吗？在初中阶段我们会学到三个与think有关的词组，它们的意思和用法如下：thinkof意为“考虑到；想到”，后面常接名词或V-ing形式。It’sgoodtothinkofthefuture．考虑到未来是对的。thinkabout表示“考虑”，后面可接名词或V-ing形式。He’sthinkingaboutaproblem．他正在考虑一个问题。thinkover意为“仔细考虑”，后面接名词或代词作宾语。当其后接代词时，应把代词放在over之前。Letmethinkitover．让我好好想一想。6. Didn’tyouknowthat?你难道不知道吗？本句为否定疑问句，用来表示惊异、反问、失望、责难等语气，也可以赞美美好的事物，还可以用于提建议或邀请，通常译成“难道……不……吗？”。. Isn’titbeautiful?难道它不美吗？（它真美！）Whydon’tyougotherebybus?你为什么不乘公共汽车去那儿呢？否定疑问句的答语在形式上与一般疑问句的答语一样，但翻译成汉语时，Yes要译成“不”，No要译成“对，是的”。英美人在回答问题时，凡与事实相符的都用Yes，不相符的都用No。. —Isn’theateacher?难道他不是一名教师吗？—Yes,heis.不，他是。（—No,heisn’t.对，他不是。）7. Theseareconnectedtothickwiresthatareburiedunderthestreet.这些（细电线）被连接到埋在地下的粗电线。本句中出现了被动语态，在无须说明动作的执行者或只强调动作的承受者时，by短语可以省略。. Alotofwateriswastedeveryyear.每年都有很多水被浪费。Aboywasknockeddownoffhisbicycle.男孩被撞倒，从自行车上摔了下来。B. Words1. trickn.诡计，哄骗，把戏vt.戏弄，欺骗. ①Heshowsmecardtricks.他表演纸牌戏法给我看。②Hetrickedmeintospendingallmymoney.他哄骗我花光了我所有的钱。【归纳】trick可作可数名词，其复数形式为tricks(如例句①)；也可作及物动词，后面可直接跟宾语(如例句②)。【拓展】固定搭配：playatrickonsb.开某人的玩笑2. measuren.①措施，办法；②度量，衡量标准vt.测量，量. ①Wehavetotakemeasureprecaution.我们不得不采取预防措施。 ②Wealthisnotalwaysthemeasureofsuccess.成功与否并不总是用财富来衡量的。③Youcouldn’tholditinyourhandandmeasureitsspeed.你不可能把它抓在手心，然后测量它的速度。【归纳】measure用作名词，可意为“措施，方法”（如例句①）；还可意为“度量，衡量标准”（如例句②）；measure用作动词时，常用作及物动词（如例句③）。【拓展】固定搭配：takemeasures采取措施3. explanationn.解释，说明. ①Iamsatisfiedwithneitheroftheseexplanations.这两种解释我都不满意。②Forallyourexplanation,Iunderstandnobetterthanbefore.尽管你做了解释，我还是不懂。【归纳】explanation可用作可数名词(如例句①)；还可用作不可数名词(如例句②)。【拓展】派生词：explainv.解释，说明固定搭配：withoutexplanation不经解释；cometoanexplanationwithsb.与某人达成谅解4. containv.包含，容纳；控制. ①Thisbookcontainsalltheinformationyouneed.这本书包含你所需要的一切资料。②Hecouldnotcontainhimselfforanger.他不能控制自己的怒气。【归纳】contain常用作及物动词，可意为“包含；容纳”（如例句①）；还可意为“控制”（如例句②）。【辨析】contain和include都有“包含，容纳”的意思，contain侧重指内容或成分；include侧重指范围或整体。.Thebookcontains12units,includingtworevisions.这本书含有12个单元，其中包括两个复习单元。【拓展】派生词：containern.容器5. lock n.锁v.锁住；锁上.①Thereisalockonthedoor.门上有一把锁。②Don’tforgettolockthedoor.别忘了锁门。【归纳】lock可用作可数名词，意为“锁”（如例句①）；还可用作动词，意为“锁上；锁住”（如例句②）。6. politeadj.有礼貌的；客气的. Thisboyispolitetoeveryone.这个男孩对所有人都很有礼貌。【拓展】派生词：politelyadv.有礼貌地固定搭配：bepolitetosb.对某人有礼貌 politelanguage文明用语 V Grammar：ModalVerbs(may,must,can)May1. may意为“可以”，它与can同义，可以互换使用。.Youmay/cangowithhim.2. 表示可能性（说话人的猜测），常用于肯定句中。. Hemayknowyou.3. 表示请求、许可，语气较can和could正式，属于正式地向对方提出请求许可。 . —MayIhaveacupoftea?—Yes,please.4. 以may开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答一般用may，但否定回答多用mustn’t。. —MayIcomein?—Yes,youmay./No,youmustn’t.Must1. must表示“必须”的意思。用于第一人称时，表示说话人认为有义务、有必要做某事，表示说话人的主观意志；用于第二、三人称时，表示说话人命令或要求别人做某事。. Wemustfinishourwork.2. must的否定式mustnot=mustn’t表示“不允许；禁止；不许可”。. Childrenmustn’tplayontheroad.It’sdangerous.3. 以must开头的一般疑问句常用来询问对方的意图，肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t=don’thaveto,表示“不必，没有必要”。. —MustIgonow?—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t.4. must在肯定句中还表示说话人对事物的肯定推测，意思是“一定；肯定”。. Youmustbetired.Cancan意为“能；会；可以”，表示能力。CanI...?能够表示请求许可，用于非正式的口语中。. CanIhavealookatyourphotos?3. can表示推测时，常用于否定句和疑问句中。若是疑问句，其肯定回答用may或must。. —Wherecanitbe?—Itmay/mustbeinyourschoolbag.U3 Electricity看音标写单词[ɪn'kʌrɪdʒ]______________ 2.

[ɪ'lektrɪk(ə)l]____________ 3.[waɪə] ________4.['meʒə]__________ 5.['sɜːv(ə)nt]_____________6.['fuːlɪʃ]________________7. Sam_________[trɪkt]meintogivinghimthemoney.8. Youmustbe_________['keəfʊl]withyourpronunciation.9. Hehasastrangehabitof_________[skrætʃɪŋ]hisearwhilehespeaks.II. 选择题10. Iwassurprisedtofindtheblanketcouldbechanged_________differentthings.A.into B.of C.by D.at11. _________theymaynotsucceed,theywilltrytheirbest.A.Although B.When C.Because D.If12. Carsofthiskindsavemoreenergyandprotecttheenvironmentbetter,soweshouldencouragepeople_________them.A.use B.used C.using D.touse13. Weshouldfind_________waystomakeenergy.A.other B.another C.theother D.others14. EveryAprilFool’sDay,Simonwouldthinkofwaysto_________others.A.treat B.play C.call D.trick15. Ourteachertellsusthatelectricityflows_________awireintoourhomes.A.through B.across C.with D.at16. Thingsaremuch_________onthemoonthanontheEarth.A.light B.lighter C.lightest D.thelightest17. We’renewcomershereandwemustbecareful_________whatwedo.A.with B.of C.at D.from18. Atfirstyourcomputershouldbeconnected_________theInternet.A.on B.in C.of D.to19. We’llhavetothink_________awaytosolvetheproblem.A.of B.over C.aloud D.for21. Thechildgreetedtohisteacher_________attheschoolgate.A.clearly B.politely C.hardly D.properly22. Iagreewithhiminaway.A.completely B.partly C.carefully D.clearly23. —Couldyoutellme_________theScienceMuseum? —NextSaturday.A.whenwewillvisit B.whendidwevisit C.whenwevisited D.whenwillwevisit24. Thechildgreetedtohisteacher_________attheschoolgate.A.clearly B.politely C.hardly D.properly25. —Listen!Davidistalkinghappilywithhismotherinthenextroom.—It_________behismother.ShehasgonetoYunnantobeavolunteerdoctor.A.should B.must C.can’t D.mustn’t26. —Look!It_________beMrZhang. —No,it_________behim.Hehasgoneabroad.A.may;mustn’t B.must;maynot C.must;can’t D.can;maynot27. Danny_________gowithustonight，butheisn’tsureyet.A.must B.may C.can D.will28. —_________Itakethenewspaperaway?—No,youmustn’t.You_________readitonlyhere.A.Must;can B.May;can C.Need;must D.Must;must29. Thechildren_________playfootballontheroad.A.needn’t B.can C.mustn’t D.must30. —MustIdomyhomeworkatonce? —No,you_________.A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.can’t D.maynot31. There’snolighton.They_________beathome.A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t32. Yesterdayevening,allthelightsinthisbuilding_________.A.wentout B.putin C.wentoff D.putdown33. Hesaid______hewouldleavethemessageonMr.Green’sdesk.A.that B.where C.which D.what34. —Couldyoutellme______youaregoingtobewhenyougrowup? —Anengineer.A.how B.when C.what D.if35. Doyouknow______atthistimeyesterday?A.whoaretheywaiting B.whotheyarewaitingforC.whoweretheywaiting D.whotheywerewaitingfor36. —Couldyoutellme_________theScienceMuseum? —NextSaturday.A.whenwewillvisit B.whendidwevisit C.whenwevisited D.whenwillwevisit37. EveryAprilFool’sDay,Simonwouldthinkofwaysto_________others.A.treat B.play C.call D.trick38. Yesterdayevening,allthelightsinthisbuilding_________.A.wentout B.putin C.wentoff D.putdown39. —MayIhavesometourinformationaboutTokyo,please? —_________A.No,thanks. B.It’saninterestingplace.C.Ofcourse.Hereyouare. D.That’sgreat.40. —MayIhavesometourinformationaboutTokyo,please?—_________A.No,thanks. B.It’saninterestingplace.C.Ofcourse.Hereyouare. D.That’sgreat.III. 用所给词的适当形式填空41. Shegaveaclear____________ofeachoftherulesandsigns.(explain)42. Thechildrenwillobeyyoubetterifyouaskthem____________.(polite)43. Thetelephonedoesn’twork.Ihavetochangetwonew____________.(battery)44. How____________thegirldoesherhomework!(careful)45. Itis____________toallofusthattwoplustwoisfour.(clearly)46. Thecomputeris____________totheprinterbyawire.(connect)47. Thesepancakesmadebymymotherare____________tasty.(real)48．How____________youaretobelievesuchastrangestory!(fool)49. Benknowsalotabout____________althoughheisonlysevenyearsold.(electric)50. His____________