中国人民大学《英语国家社会与文化》课件-Class 11的知识

TheSocietyandCultureofMajorEnglish-SpeakingCountriesClassElevenMatthewMontgomeryTheSocietyandCultureofMajorEnglish-SpeakingCountries

GroupPresentationsGroup10:UK–SocialandCulturalLife

Unit11:Canada–TheNation&thePeople

LearningObjectivesTohaveageneralideaoftheethniccompositionofCanadiansTolearnaboutimmigrationpoliciesofCanadaToknowaboutbilingualismandmulticulturalisminCanadaTohaveageneralviewaboutreligiousbeliefsinCanadaTounderstandthenationalidentityofCanadiansGettingstarted…

Groupdiscussionquestions(10minutes)WhoaresomefamousCanadianpeopleinChina?(Pastorpresent)

Whyaretheyfamous?WhataresomenationalsymbolsofCanada?WhatdoyouassociateCanadawith?WhatdoyouknowaboutthegeographyofCanada?(Topography地形/Climate气候/Environment/Demography人口统计)Symbolsof

CanadaCanada:FactsandFiguresSize9,984,670kmsquaredGeographyMostlyflatplains,mountainsinwest,lowlandsinsouth-eastLanguageEnglishandFrenchCurrencyCanadianDollarPopulation34,834,841(2014)CapitalCityOttawa(883,391)ClimateSouth:temperate–warmsummersandcoldwintersNorth:sub-arctic/arctic–coolsummersandv.coldwintersNationalanthemOCanada(1980-)GodSaveTheQueenremainstheRoyalAnthemCanada:FunFactsCanadaproducesmoreuraniumthananywhereintheworld.Hometothelargestislandwithinalake.(ManitoulinislandonLakeHuron)15,500oftheworld’s25kpolarbearsliveinCanada.81%ofthepopulationliveincities.Hometotheworld’slongestcoastline.(202,051km)31%ofCanadaisforest.Provinces:AlbertaBritishColumbiaManitobaNewBrunswickNewfoundlandandLabradorNovaScotiaOntarioPrinceEdwardIslandQuebecSaskatchewanTerritories:NorthwestTerritoriesNunavutYukon2/3ofpopulationliveinQuebecandOntario0.3%ofpopulationliveintheterritoriesQuebecisthelargestFrenchspeakingareaoutsideofFrance.78%speakFrenchnatively.PrairieprovincesEthnicComposition20%ofCanadiansidentifyasEnglishinorigin15%ofCanadiansidentifyasFrenchinorigin.FrenchCanadiansformaculturalgroup,butBritishCanadiansdon’t,becausetheyaretoodiverseagroup.VigorousWesternsettlementintheearly20thCenturysawahighproportionofEuropeanimmigrantsinthePrairieprovinces.SecondlargestimmigrantgroupisSouthAsianandChinese.Indigenouspeoplesmakeupabout4%ofthepopulation.Theyselfgovern,andweregiventheirownterritoryin1999.(Inuits)EthniccompositionofCanadaisdiverse.32%identifythemselvesasCanadian,butmostofthemcanalsobetracedbacktoforeignorigin.ImmigrationCurrently,immigrantsaccountforabout16%ofthepopulationUntilthe1960s,immigrantsofEuropeandescentwerefavoured.Newrulesinthe1960sclassifiedimmigrantsinto3categories:refugees,familymembersofCanadians,andindependentimmigrants.Independentimmigrantsaregradedonapointsystem.Thosewithenoughpointsareallowedtobecomepermanentresidents,andcitizens3yearslater.In2010,67%ofimmigrantswereintheindependentcategory.22%werejoiningfamilymembers,and9%werepoliticalrefugees.ImmigrationhasbeenakeyforceinCanada’sgrowthsincethecolonialera.Immigration:TorontoMorethanhalfoftheimmigrantssince1996settledinOntario.Everyyearmorethan70,000immigrantsandrefugeessettleinToronto.Toronto’scitizenscomefromnearly170countriesandspeakmorethan100languages.Thegovernmentareintentatholdingimmigrationto1%oftotalpopulation.Mostofthe300kimmigrantssettleinlargecities,whichiscausingsomeproblemsforthoselargecities.Incontrast,lesspopulatedprovincesareeagertoattractmoreimmigrantsasawayofboostingdevelopment.Foreignbornresidentsmakeupmorethan50%ofToronto’spopulationNationalCharacterCanadianshaveanappreciationfortheirculturalandethnicdiversity,whichshowsatoleranceforpeoplelivingthewaythattheywanttolive.Canadiansspeaktheirmindsandvoicetheiropinions,butdosowithapoliteopennesstootherideas.Theyaremodestabouttheirachievements,andtheytakeprideintheirheroeswithoutelevatingthemtosuperherostatus.Canadianstendtobeunassumingandfriendlytowardsstrangers.ItiseasytobecomefriendswithaCanadianbecausetheyareveryacceptingofallkindsofpeople.Theyareveryopen-minded,andwillopenlylistentootherpeople’sopinions.Tolerant,Friendly,Peaceloving,Modest,andPolite.ReligionsReligioninCanadahasinfluencesfromtheUK“OtherChristian”referstotheAnglicanChurch.Islamisthesecondlargestreligionsgroupwithafollowingof3.2%ofthepopulation.23.9%havenoreligion.ReligionsChristianityhasthelargestreligiousfollowinginCanada,butunliketheUSA,themajorityofChristiansareRomanCatholicandAnglican.RomanCatholicismwasbroughttoCanadabyearlyFrenchsettlers.TheyhopedtoconvertthenativepeopletoCatholicism.Muchofthisearlydevotionhaslessenedinthemodernage,butinfluencesfromCatholicismcanbeseeninthearchitecture,especiallyinQuebec.LiketheUK,stateandchurchisofficiallyseparateinCanada,andthestatedoesprovidesomesupporttoreligiousinstitutions,especiallyschools.ImmigrationpattershavealsodiversifiedthereligiousfollowinginCanada,withincreasingnumbersofJews,Muslims,Hindus,Sikhs,andBuddhists.ReligioninCanadahasinfluencesfromtheUKBilingualismandMulticulturalismMostCanadiansareeitherofBritishorFrenchorigin.TherewasaFrenchempireinN.Americainthe1600sandearly1700s.By1763,thisregionbecame

aBritishcolony,andabout15%oftheFrenchCanadiansleftforFrance.TheBritishgovernmenthopedthattheFrenchthatremainedinCanadawouldassimilate,andspeakEnglishinsteadofFrench.TheFrenchpeoplelearntEnglish,butdidnotwishtogiveupspeakingFrench.WhenthepeopleofFrenchCanadaagreedtojointheconfederation,theyinsistedthattheyretaintherighttohavecontrolovertheirlanguage.ThelanguagepowerstrugglebetweenEnglishandFrenchcontinuedforhundredsofyears.BilingualismandMulticulturalismCanadahasbeensettledbypeoplefromallpartsoftheworld,andmanyofthesegroupshavemaintainedtheircustomsandlanguagesinCanada.Thishasledtoamosaicofcultures,whichcausesconflictwi