高中英语句子成分分析

高中英语句子成分分析句子成分主语subject谓语predicate宾语object表语predicative宾补complement定语attribute状语adverbial同位语appositive1.

I

met

mybest

friend

Tom

atthestationyesterday.↓主语↓谓语↓定语↓宾语↓同位语↓状语㈠主语Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.Shewentoutinahurry.Fourplusfouriseight.Toseeistobelieve.Smokingisbadforhealth.Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.Whathehassaidistrue.主语:可以作主语的成分有名词,主格代词,动词不定式,动名词等等。主语一般在句首。名词主格代词数词动词不定式动名词the+形容词句子1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.4.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.5.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.6.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）7.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.8.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.（主语从句）（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）㈡谓语谓语:简单谓语由动词或动词词组构成,一般在主语之后。Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shehasfinishedthehomework.1.Thesunrose.2.Whocares?3.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.4.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.5.Whoknowstheanswer?6.Hehasrefusedtohelpthem.7.Heenjoysreading.8.Hesaid"Goodmorning."●Ilikemyjob.●Iloveyou.●Hewantedtoleavehere.●Theyenjoyedplayingcomputergames.●Heaskedwherehewas.（三）宾语宾语：动作的接受者，一般在谓语后面宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指物,间接宾语指人.Hegaveme

somebooks.↓间接宾语↓直接宾语●Pleasepassme

thebook.●Heboughtme

someflowers.下列动词只能接不定式做宾语

ask,agree,care,choose,demand,dare,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desire等，如：

Herefusedtolendmehisbike.下列动词只能接动名词做宾语

admit,avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest等，如：

Johnhasadmittedbreakingthewindow.(四)宾语补足语宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。Ifoundthebookinteresting.DoyouhearTomsinging?Hemadehimselfunderstood.Sheaskedmetolendherahand.Pleasemakeyourselfathome.Pleasekeepthedogout.Wemustkeepitasecret.形容词现在分词过去分词动词不定式介词短语副词名词(五)定语Heisacleverboy.Theyarebuildingastonebridge.Thereare54studentsinourclass.DoyouknownBetty’ssister?Heboughtsomesleepingpills.Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.Hisspokenlanguageisgood.Imetafriendonmywayhome.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词的所有格)(动名词)(现在分词)(过去分词)(副词)Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?Thereisnothinginterestinginthisbook.（六）状语用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等.Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.Hegotupsolatethathemissedthetrain.9种状语种类如下：1.Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?2.Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.3.Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.4.MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.5.Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.（时间状语）（原因状语）（条件状语）（地点状语）（方式状语）

Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.6.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.7.Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.8.Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.9.Iamtallerthanheis.（伴随状语）（目的状语）（结果状语）（让步状语）（比较状语）Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.Healwayscomeslatetoschool.Hewent.Hewentthere.Hewentthereyesterday.Hewenttheretoseehismotheryesterday.Hewenttheretoseehismotherbybikeyesterday.（七）表语在系动词后的部分就是表语常见的系动词有:Be动词(am,is,are)感官系动词

feel,smell,sound,taste,look变化系动词

become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come状态系动词seem,keep,remain,stay,appear.Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.I’mnotquitemyselftoday.Whowasthefirst?Heisoutofcondition.ThebookiswhatIneed.Theappletastesgood.八、同位语同位语当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分用来说明和解释另一个句子成分,这个句子成分就叫做它的同位语。Westudentsshouldstudyhard.(students是we的同位语,都是指同一批“学生”)Weallarestudents.(all是we的同位语,都指同样的“我们”)注意:同位语从句常跟在某些名词后，对其作进一步的解释。这些名词包括：fact,doubt,idea,news,hope,indication,decision,possibility,assumption,suggestion,question.这类从句常常有that引导，有时也可以用what,why,whether,when等引导。YesterdayImetTom,afriendofmybrother's.昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。That’sherhabit,readinginbed.躺在床上看书是她的习惯。Yoursuggestion,tostrikewhiletheironishot,seemedagoodidea.你建议趁热打铁，这个建议很好。插入语插入语是说话者对所表达的意思的补充、强调、解释或者说话的态度，其位置灵活常常用逗号或者破折号分开，并且在语法上不影响其他成份。1.插入语常以副词（副词短语）、形容词（形容词短语）、介词短语、非谓语动词短语等形式出现。（1）常见的副词及短语：indeed，surely，however，obviously，frankly，naturally，luckily/happilyforsb.certainly等。句子分类简单句复合句并列复合句主从复合句有两个或两个以上的简单句用连词连接而成。如：and,but,or,so等定语从句状语从句名词性从句由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）组成的句子.eg:TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthenewspaper.由主句和从句构成，且主从句分别有不同的主谓结构。五大基本句型一:ＳＶ(主＋谓)二:ＳＶＰ(主＋系＋表)三:ＳＶＯ(主＋谓＋宾)四:ＳＶｏＯ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)五:ＳＶＯＣ(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)基本句型一:ＳＶ(主＋谓)谓语:不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构。如:Wecome.Ｓ│Ｖ(不及物动词)1.Thesunrose.2.Whocares?3.Whathesaiddoesnotmatter.4.Theytalkedforhalfanhour.5.Thepenwritessmoothly基本句型二：Ｓ│Ｖ(是系动词)│Ｐ(表语)1.ThisisanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.2.Thedinnersmellsgood.3.Hefellinlove.4.Everythinglooksdifferent.5.Heisgrowingtallandstrong.6.Ourwellhasgonedry.7.Hisfaceturnedred.

基本句型三:ＳＶＯ(主＋谓＋宾)此句型的特点是：谓语动词都是及物动词,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。Ｓ│Ｖ(及物动词)│Ｏ(宾语)1.Who│knows│theanswer?2.He│hasrefused│tohelpthem.3.He│enjoys│reading.4.He│said│“Goodmorning.”5.He│admits│thathewasmistaken.基本句型四:ＳＶｏＯ(主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,e.g.give/pass/bring/show。这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语);一个指物(直接宾语)。--Givemeacupofteaplease.--Giveacupofteatomeplease.givesbsth=givesthtosbＳ│Ｖ(及物)│ｏ(多指人)│Ｏ(多指物)She

ordered

herself

anewdress.Sheorderedanewdressforherself.2.He

brought

you

adictionary.Hebroughtadictionarytoyou.3.I

showed

him

mypictures.4.I

told

him

thatthebuswaslate.5.He

showed

me

howtorunthemachine.基本句型五:ＳＶＯＣ(主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)此句型的特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词,形容词,不定式,动名词,分词,介词短语等。Thewarmadehimasoldier.Newmethodsmakethejobeasy.Ioftenfindhimatwork.Theteacheraskthestudentstoclose

thewindows.Isawacatrunningacrosstheroad.名词形容词介词短语动词不定式动名词Ｓ│Ｖ(及物)│Ｏ(宾语)│Ｃ(宾补)1.Theypaintedthedoorgreen.3.Theyfoundthehousedeserted.4.Heaskedmetocomebacksoon.5.Isawthemgettingonthebus.

a.ＳＶ

b.ＳＶＰ

c.ＳＶＯd.ＳＶｏＯ

e.ＳＶＯＣ

1.Pleastellusastory._______2.Shesmiled.______3.Hisjobistotrainswimmers._____4.Henoticedamanentertheroom._____5.Pleaselookatthepicture._____dabec1.You

willtell

（your）friend

thatyou’vegottoschool.2.But[asthemoongavefartoomuchlight],Ididn’tdareopenawindow.主语谓语间宾定语直接宾语原因状语主语

谓语宾语状语一)挑出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?