建筑结构英语常用词汇

建筑、结构专业常用英文词汇总体设计design设计依据建筑红线Building建筑系数Coefficientofbuildingoccupation界区Batterylimited有效面积Effective使用面积结构面积area建筑面积Buildingarea建筑面积密度ofbuildingarea竖向布置Verticalplanning高程等高线line相对标高Relative绝对标高altitude地震基本烈度抗震设防烈度Fortificationintensity风玫瑰Wind建筑朝向

Building建筑间距Building公顷指北针North测北建北气象Meteorology日照天然采光Naturallighting人工照明Artificantlight;照度Degree通风Ventilation正压通风Positive噪声隔声Sound吸声Soundabsorption保温隔热Heat露点冷桥

Cold-bridge遮阳恒温恒湿Constant&humidity消声防振antivibration4.2建一词汇Conventional方案Scheme;draft草图透视图建筑构图Architectural坐标Coordinate纵坐标横坐标Abscissa跨度开关进深Depth层高Floorheight净高height;横数

modulus裙房Skirtbuilding楼梯梯段slab楼梯平台landing安全出口Safetyexit疏散楼梯staircase楼梯间well封闭楼梯间staircase防烟楼梯间well消防电梯间Emergencyelevatorswell自动扶梯Escalator中庭Atrium疏散走道escape耐火等级Fire-resistivegrade生产类别Classificationofproduction耐火极限of防火间距distance泄压面积release

闷顶Mezanine;砖标号Gradeofbrick;承重墙Bearingwall非承重墙Non-bearingwall挡土墙wall填充墙Fillerwall围护墙Curtainwall;wall;enclosurewall女儿墙wall隔墙Partition〔浴室、厕所〕隔断窗间墙Pier墙垛Pillar过梁Lintel圈梁Gird;girt;girth防潮层Damp-proof勒脚横梁Transversebeam纵横Longitudinalwall山墙

wall防火墙Firewall压顶勾缝Pointing砖砌平拱Brickflat预埋件Embedded直抓梯Ladder栏杆防腐蚀resistant;化学溶蚀膨胀腐蚀化学腐蚀电化学腐蚀晶间腐蚀Intergranularcorrosion气相腐蚀corrosion液相腐蚀corrosion固相腐蚀腐蚀裕度Allowanceforcorrosion锈蚀rusting

4.3建材Building级配砂石Gradedsand&gravel素土夯实earth灰土Lime-soil素混凝土钢筋混凝土concrete(R.C)细石混凝土轻质混凝土Lightweightconcrete加气混凝土Aerocreteconcrete陶粒混凝土Ceramsite水泥膨胀珍珠岩&expendedpearlite岩棉wool;沥青asphalt卷材Felt玛蹄脂粘土砖Claybrick釉面砖Porcelain空心砖Hollowbrick砌块

缸砖guarrybrick锦砖mosac地面砖paving防滑地砖non-slipbrick耐酸砖〔板〕acidbrick(acidtile)胶泥mastic粘土瓦Cloytile玻璃瓦enamelled波形镀锌钢板玻璃钢瓦reinforcedtile彩色压型钢〔铅〕板steelprofiuingcoloured石棉水泥瓦sheet水磨石水刷石花岗石磨光花岗石polishedgranite剁斧石artificialstone大理石

marble水泥砂浆抹面cement石灰砂浆抹面limeplaster水泥石灰砂浆抹面cement-limeplaster刀灰打底hemp-cutbase原木Log方木square板材胶合板三夹板3plywood五夹板5plywood平板玻璃flat浮法玻璃glass磨砂玻璃groundglass起玻prismglass夹丝玻璃Wire夹层玻璃sandwich中空玻璃glass钢化玻璃

glass镀膜玻璃coating有机玻璃4.4建构及配件Building&component铺砌paving地坪grade基层素土夯实earth垫层base结合层bonding面层Covering隔离层insulationcourse活动地板floor;floor;accessfloor篦子板grating地面提示块ground遮阳板窗套moulding护角防水层

water-proofcourse找平层Levelingcourse隔热层heatinsulationcourse保温层insulation檩条purlin天窗skylight天棚ceiling吊顶ceiling吊顶龙骨ceilingjoist雨水口draingulley水斗Leadhead雨水管Leader;天沟挑檐檐口泛水分水线watershed檐沟gutter汇水面积catchmentarea

雨罩散水坡道台阶保温门insulationdoor隔声门〔窗〕insulationdoor(window);acoustical防火门〔窗〕fire(window)冷藏门安全门exitdoor防护门〔窗〕protectiondoor屏蔽门〔窗〕Shield(window)防风砂门resistingdoor密闭门〔窗〕tightdoor泄压门〔窗〕release(window)壁柜门closet变压器间门transformer围墙门gate车库门door

保险门引风门ventilation检修门access平开门〔窗〕side-hung推拉门〔窗〕弹簧门折迭门卷帘门rolling转门revolvingdoor夹板门拼板门FLBdoor(framed,battened

doorwithwindow传递窗deliverywindow观察窗换气窗vent上悬窗window中悬窗window下悬窗bottom-hungwindow立转窗pivotedwindow固定窗window单层窗window双层窗window百页窗door);

shutter实拼门镶板门panel镶玻璃门玻璃门钢木门steel&百页门shutter连窗门

带形窗子母扇窗attachedsashwindow组合窗composite落地窗window玻璃幕墙wall门〔窗〕框door拼樘料〔横〕，mullion〔竖〕

门〔窗〕扇door(平开窗扇casement纱扇sash亮子门心板披水板贴脸板trim筒子板Lining窗台板plate防护铁栅barricade;grille;合页butts;butthinges执手knob撑档滑道track插销bolt拉手pull推板plate门锁lock;lock执手锁lockwithknob

4.5建结Building4.5.1荷Load活荷载Live静荷载，恒载静力荷载Static移动荷载Movingload动力荷载冲击荷载load附加荷载规定荷载〔又称标准荷载〕集中荷载分布荷载Load设计荷载轴向荷载偏心荷载风荷载Wind风力、风压Wind、WindPressure雪荷载Load屋面积灰荷载

Roofash〔吊车〕最大轮压MaximumLoad吊车荷载安装荷载ErectionLoad施工荷载ConstructionLoad不对称荷载重复荷载Load刚性荷载Rigid柔性荷载Load临界荷载Critical容许荷载Admissiblesafe极限荷载UltimateLoad条形荷载破坏荷载Failureat地震荷载荷载组合Combinationof4.5.2地和基础Soilfoundation地基(Bed)soil天然地基Naturalground

人工地基Artificial混凝土基础Concretefoundation;footing毛石基础Rubblemasonryfooting;footing砖基础Brickworkfooting桩基础Pile设备基础Equipmentfoundation机器基础Machine独立基础IndividualIsolatedfoundationfoundation联合基础footing大块式基础Massivefoundation条形基础footingfooting;footing方形基础footing杯形基础socket板式基础Slab-foundation;Matfooting阶梯形基础Steppedfoundation扩展基础spreadfooting扩底基础

foundation浮伐基地Buoyantfoundationfoundation沉箱〔井〕基础Caisson构架式基础Framefoundation深基础foundation基础基槽Foundation基坑pit基础板基础梁基础底面基础底板基础垫层基础埋置深度Depthofembedment地下连续墙Undelgroundcontinuouswall打桩Pile打桩机Pileengine;driver;Ram钢桩pile水桩

pile;Timberpile钢筋混凝土桩砂桩pile石灰桩LimeLimecolumn;Quicklimepile单桩Singlepile群桩Pile斜桩Batterpile预制桩pile灌注桩Cast-in-placeCast-in-situFilling板桩pile拆密桩pile挤密砂桩compaction灰土挤密桩Line-soilpile钻孔桩Boredpile打入桩pile摩擦桩Frictionpile;Buoyantpile端承桩Endbearingpile;Pointbearingpile;Column柱桩〕支承桩Bearingpile

抗拔桩TensionUplift抗滑桩Anti-slicle桩承台Pilecap桩帽Pilecap;couel桩头Pilecrown;head桩端Piletip桩身Pile桩距Pile桩钢筋笼Pile试桩pile桩荷载试验Pileload桩的动荷载试验pile桩的侧向荷载试验Lateralpileload桩的极限荷载Ultimateload桩承载能力PileBearingcapacityofaCarryingcapacityofpile土压力pressure主动土压力earthpressure被动土压力Passiveearth

静止土压力pressureat容许地耐力bearingstrength冰冻深度FrostFrostpenetrationofpenetration防冻深度Frost-proof粘土类土soil轻亚粘土Sandy亚粘土Sandy砂质土Sandy砂砾石Sandygravel膨胀土soil硬质土，硬盘岩，硬土层Hard液限Liquidlimit塑限Plasticlimit塑料指数plasticity松软土Mellowsoil;soil回填土BackfillRefilling杂填土Miscellaneousfill地表水water;

地下水Groundwater地下水位GroundwaterGroundwaterGroundwater容重Unit干容重Dryunit湿容重饱和容重Saturatedunitweight不均匀沉降地基处理地基加固stabilization;improvement土质查勘Soilexploration地质勘察Geologicalexploration沉陷Settlement倾斜obliquity;Inclination滑移夯实土soil夯实填土fill夯实回填土backfill夯实分层厚度

lift持力层BearingSupporting;管道与基础相碰Pipelinewith4.5.3一结构用语forstructures建筑结构Building建筑物Building结构形式混凝土〔砼〕结构Concretestructure砌体结构Masonry砖砌结构Brickstructure石砌结构Stonestructure砖砼结构Brickandconcretestructure钢结构structure结构型钢Shapesteel木结构Timber组合结构Composite框架结构Frame梁板结构andstructure构件

承重构件结构构件Structure肋形屋盖Ribbedroof肋形楼板Ribbedfloorslab无梁楼板Flatplate;Flat桁架；屋架Truss;truss三角形屋〔桁〕架truss梯形屋〔桁〕架Trapezoidal拱形屋架Archroof折线形屋架rooftruss弓形桁架Bowstring框架Frame排架刚架Rigid门架抗风构架Wind抗震构架梁大梁

Girder主梁Primary次梁加腋梁筒支梁固端梁悬臂梁Cantileverbeam连续梁托梁Spandrel圈梁过梁Lintel曲梁bowbeam基础梁吊车梁girderT形柱Column组合柱Combinationcolumn立柱Post吊车柱

抗风柱Endcolumn墙wall板plate承重墙Bearingwalls柱网Columngrid支撑系统Brace柱间支撑bracing屋石支撑Roof垂直支撑Verticalbracing水平支撑Horizontal剪刀撑Crossbracing临时顶撑支撑Shoring桁架式支撑bracing斜撑上弦下弦Bottomchord节间Panel节点Panelpoint

压杆member;拉杆Tension腹杆Webmember斜杆Diagonalmember斜腹杆Diagonalwebmember吊杆sagrod系杆，拉杆Tierod天窗架frame天窗Monitor;托座、牛腿檀条Purlin连接Connection接点Joint铰接点Hingedpoint固接点安装接点Erectionjoint拼接接点Splicejoint节点板、连接板plate加劲板

Stiffenerplate支撑板Bearing填隙板Fillerplate梁柱接头Beam-column截面Crosssection拱Arch壳伸缩缝joint沉降缝Settlementjoint施工缝Constructionjoint防震缝joint4.5.4结理论用语fortheoryofslructuresa)设计方法术语fordesignmethod结构设计Structuredesign按极限强度设计Ultimatedesign按许可应力设计Workingdesign按承载能力设计Loadingcapacity按稳定性设计according按变形设计accordingdeformation

结构分析analysis结构计算静定结构Staticallydeterminate超静定结构Staticallystructures精确计算Rigorouscalculation近似计算Approximate安全等级Safetyclasses极限状态states摩擦系数Coefficientoffriction质量密度density重力密度Weight结的作用效应术语轴向力force剪力弯矩扭矩水平推力Horizontalthrust水平拉力Horizontalpull水平〔垂直〕分力

Horizontal(vertical)component合力Resultant正应力stress剪应力主应力stress次应力stress预应力位移挠度Deflection变形Deformation弯曲Bending;Flexure扭转c)材料性能、结构抗力术语propertyandresistamleofstructure抗力抵抗力矩强度刚度Rigidity抗裂度Crackresistance

抗压强度Compressiue抗拉强度Tensilestrength抗剪强度strength抗变强度strength抗扭强度抗裂强度Crackingstrength屈服强度Yield疲劳强度弹性模量Modulusofelasticity剪切模量modulus变形模量Modulusof稳定性Stabilith泊松比Poissonratio几参数术语of截面高度Height截面有效高度Effectivedepthsection载面宽度截面厚度Thicknessofsection

截面面积section截面面积矩截面惯性矩Secondmomentof截面抵抗矩模量标准中用词modulus回转半径of偏心距长度跨度矢高长细比Slendernessratio4.5.5砖结构Masonryconstruction砖砌体Brickwork砌筑Laying砖标号Gradeofbrick;of毛石砌体Rubblemasonry毛石砼砌体masonry水泥砂浆mortar石灰砂浆Lime水泥石灰砂浆

cement-limemortar砂浆找平Mortar4.5.6钢砼结构素混凝土钢筋混凝土预应力砼砼标号Gradeofconcrete钢号Gradeof整体式结构Monolithicstructure装配式结构Assembled预制构件element现浇Cast-in-site;浇灌砼Concreting;Costion;Pouring;Placing一次浇灌Atonepouring分二次浇灌Poursin