上海市静安区2021届高三一模英语试题Word版含答案

2021届上海市静安区高三英语一模试卷

（完卷时间：120分钟满分：140分）ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard..A.15dollars. B.20dollars. C.25dollars. D.45dollars..A.Tothegallery. B.Tothedentist’s. C.Toherflat. D.Tothegarage..A.Shewasfiredbythecompany.B.Shebrokethelaw.Sheisonleaverightnow.Sheisreplacingthecompany’swebsite.4.A.Patientanddoctor.B.Residentandgovernmentofficial.4.A.Patientanddoctor.D.Bossandsecretary.C.Customerandinsuranceagent.D.Bossandsecretary.5.A.HewassittingoppositeMr.Johnson.B.HeisplanningafarewellpartyforMr.Johnson.C.AllthetasksthatMr.Johnsondidfailed.D.HeisgladMr.Johnsonleftthecompany.6.A.Sheprefersdogstocats.B.Shehadacloserelationshipwiththeman’sdaughter.C.Sheusedtosorrowoverherdog’sdeath.D.Sheisalwaysinlowspirits.7.A.Thewomanshouldgetthechipsherself.B.Thewomanshouldn’teatchips.C.Thewomanusedtohaveseveralheartattacks.D.Thewomanwarnedthemanagainstheartattacks..A.Theyplantohavethemeetinginanotherplace.B.Theavailabilityofthemeetingroomwillbediscussed.C.Theyhavealreadyhadthemeeting.D.Theywillhavethemeetingsometimelater..A.Thecar’sdemandgreatlyexceedssupply.Thewomanhaslistedthecar’sadvantages.Thewomanreceivedacaramonthago.Thewomandidn’tlikethecar..A.Shewon’tdothepresentation.B.Sheneedstocollectalotofdataforthepresentation.C.Sheisstillatanearlystageofpreparationforthepresentation.D.Thetopicismostimportantforthepresentation.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassageandonelongerconversation.Aftereachpassageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassageandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage..A.Thetypeoffoodyoufreeze.B.Thewayyouwarmupthefrozenfood.C.Whetherthefreezerbagsaresealed.D.Whattemperatureyousetyourfreezerto..A.Becausetheycanbeeasilystocked.B.Becausetheyfitwellinthefridge.C.Becausetheycomeindifferentsizesandshapes.D.Becausetheyhelptokeepthedryfooddry..A.Preventpeoplefromeatingtoomuchfood.B.Stoppeoplefromremovingfoodthathasn’tgonebad.C.Makepeoplebecomecautiousabouteatingunhealthyfood.D.Makepeoplebecomeambitiousinmakinguseofleftoverfood.Questions14through17arebasedonthefollowingpassage..A.Postponeretirementage.B.Involvemorewomeninwork.C.Hiremoreforeignworkers.D.Attractworkerswithhighsalaries..A.Relievepressureonhumannursingcare.B.Takecareofchildrenandtheelderly.C.Finallyreplacehumansinworkforce.D.Givehumansmoretimeforcreativework.16.A.Robotscan’tdocertainwork.B.Somepeopledon’tacceptrobots.C.Theexpensesforrobotsarestillhigh.D.Thefunctionsofrobotsneedimproving.17.A.Japanstrugglestofightworkforceshortage.B.Japaneseattitudestowardsrobotschangealot.C.RobotshaveplayedamajorroleinJapan’sindustry.D.RobotscanhelpinJapaneseworkforceshortage.Questions18through20arebasedonthefollowingconversationA.Thecruiselinerwillprovideallsortsoffoodandentertainment.Onlyhalfofthecabinswillbefilledup.Thepricesofunsoldticketswillbereduced.Everyonewillbeabletoaffordtheticket.A.Bookticketsassoonastheyareavailable.Closelywatchthechangesofticketprices.Comparedealsfromdifferentsources.Keepincontactwithatravelagentyoucantrust.A.Becausecruisetoursareonlysuitableforpeoplewhohavemuchfreetime.Becausehecanworkpart-timetoearnmoneytopayforthetour.Becausedoingpriceresearchandcomparingtakestime.Becausehecansailshortlyafterbuyingthecheapticket.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.UK-basedsupermarketWaitrosehasbeenaccusedbysocialmediausersforsellingtreeleavesat6pounds.Photosofvarioustreeleavespackagedinplasticbagsandarrangedasflowerbouquets(花束)wenthotonsocialmedialately,(21)(cause)complaintsbecauseoftheproduct'sprice,sixBritishpounds.Consideringtreeleavescanliterallybepickedupfromthestreetthistimeofyear,it'sunderstandablethatsomepeoplewentafterWaitrose,accusingthesupermarketoftryingtomakemoneybyselling(22) thatisactuallyfree."Abagofactualleaves?I'llsellyouabinbagofleavesfor10p,"onecustomerwrote."ThishasgottobefromthedrunkMondaymorningmeetingcategoryofideas,"someoneelsecommented.Apparently,thebizarrebouquetsappearedonWaitrosesupermarketshelvesasawaytowelcomeautumn,and(23) (feature)astickerurgingcustomersto"bringtheoutdoorsinside"."Brightenupyourhomewithfreshlypickedflowers(24)pleasantscents(香味)refreshtheseason,"theofficialproductdescriptionread."Wesourcethebestbloomsfromexpertgrowers,andhandlethemgently(25) theycanlookbeautifulforlonger."(26) thegenerallynegativefeedbackonitsautumn-themedproduct,theBritishsupermarketproudlyannouncedthattheidea(27) (inspire)atthebeginningofautumnbyademandfromshoppers."(28) weintendtooffer,webaseourdecisiononthedemandsfromcustomers.Ourcustomersloveusingtheseleavestomixinwiththeirseasonalflowerstobrightentheirhomes,"aWaitrosespokespersontoldTheSun.Interestingly,therewerethosewhoseemedtosomewhatjustifythepricetagofthisbagofleaves.Theysaidthatthosewereobviously"highqualityleaves".Theirclaim(29) betrue.Butevenabottleofwinecanbeboughtatthesamepriceorless.Itseemscrazytocharge6poundsforabagofleaves.Thisisn'tthefirsttimethatEnglishshopsandsupermarkets(30) (make)newsheadlinesforsellingfreethingsathighprices.ThereusedtobeashopinLondon,whichsoldpaintedlogsfor$14apiece.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.initiatedB.displayC.advocateD.extendedE.annoyingF.squeezingG.exposureH.specificallyI.relievedJ.stagedK.contemporaryAsglasstowerscontinuetopushtheirwayintocityskylineslikesunflowers 31 upthroughwalledgardens,somehomeownersanddevelopershavecometoarealization.Floor-to-ceilingglassmayprovidebreathtakingviews,butitcutsdownonopportunitiesforart 32 .Tosolvetheproblem,anumberofdevelopersarethinkingofdesigningapartmenttowers 33 withartexhibitinginmind.ThedevelopmentcompanyRFR,forexample,has34theideaofdesigningloft(顶楼)unitsinthestyleofadowntowngallery.“Iwouldlovetoberecognizedasadeveloperwhocreatesspacesthatarereallyplannedforanartcollector,”saidAbyRosen,aco-founderofRFRandanartcollectorhimself.“I’mabig 35 ofartwhichconnectsyouwithhistoryandthedesireforculture.”Onarecenttouroftheloftunitsat100East53rdStreetinMidtownManhattan,Mr.Rosenpointedtotheuninterruptedconcretewallsandfloors.“It’sthekindthatyoumayseewhenyougotoaGagosianGalleryorPaulKasminGallery,”hesaid.Theceilingsareembedded（镶嵌）withslots（槽）thatallowsoftlightingtobeinstalledforparticularworks.Andtoprotectpreciouspieces,theexteriorglassisspeciallytreatedtopreventthe 36 tosunlight.“Thesespacesenjoymany 37 high-risebenefits,whileatthesametimeavoid 38 sideeffectsofadowntownloft—thecreakingfloorsandtrafficnoise,”Mr.Rosensaid.Tohammerthepoint,oneofthemodelunitswas 39 asagalleryratherthanahome,withworksfromvariouscollections.Mr.Rosensaidthattheunits’focusonart,withoutexception, 40 tothelobby,too,whereresidentscouldbegreetedbyasite-specificworkdesignedsolelyforthebuildingbyRachelFeinstein,whodepictedNewYorkCityicons,includingtheEmpireStateBuildingandtheMetropolitanMuseumofArt.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Theuniversecannotbereaduntilwehavelearntthelanguageandbecomefamiliarwiththe 41 inwhichitiswritten.Accordingtomany,itiswritteninmathematicallanguage,andthelettersaretriangles,circlesandothergeometricalfigures.Inhumanhistory,thereare 42 definitionsof"language."Whicheverdefinitionisused,alanguagecontainsthesamecomponents.Theremustbeavocabularyofwordsorsymbols.Meaningsmustbe 43 thewordsorsymbols.Alanguageemploysgrammar,whichisasetofrulesthat44howwordsareorganized.Mathematicsmeetsallthestandards.Thevocabularyofmathdrawsfrommanydifferentalphabetsandincludessymbols45tomath.Amathematicalequation（等式）maybestatedinwordstoformasentencethathasanounandaverb,justlikeasentenceinaspokenlanguage.Mathematicsgrammarandsyntax（句法），likevocabulary,are46.Nomatterwhatcountryyou'refromorwhatlanguageyouspeak,thestructureofthemathematicallanguageisthesame.Formulas公式）arealwaysreadfromlefttoright.Understandinghowmathematicalsentencesworkis 47 whenyoulearnmath.Studentsoftenfindnumbersandsymbolsfrightening,soputtinganequationintoafamiliarlanguagemakesthesubject 48 .Basically,it'sliketranslatingaforeignlanguageintoaknownone.Aformulahasthesamemeaning,regardlessofanydifferentlanguagethat 49 it.Inthisway,mathhelpspeoplelearnandcommunicate,evenifothercommunicationobstaclesexist.Ofcourse,noteveryoneagreesthatmathematicsisalanguage.Somedefinitionsdescribe"language"asaspokenformofcommunication.Therefore,somepeople 50 mathematicsasitisdefinitelyawrittenformofexpression.Signlanguage, 51 ,wouldbeinvalidbasedonthisstandard.Infactmostlinguistsacceptsignlanguageasatruelanguage.Also,thereareahandfulofdeadlanguagesthatnoonealiveknowshowtoeven 52 anymore.Astrong 53 formathematicsasalanguageisthatmodernelementary-highschoolcurriculause 54 fromlanguageeducationforteachingmathematics.EducationalpsychologistPaulRiccominiwrotethatstudentslearningmathematicsrequiredarobustvocabularyknowledgebase;fluencyandproficiencywithnumbers,symbols,words,anddiagrams;andcomprehensionskills,whichinawayprovesthereal 55 ofthesubjectasaspeciallanguageafterall.41.A.charactersB.signalsC.itemsD.portions42.A.formalB.historicalC.multipleD.civilian43.A.invisibletoB.switchedtoC.attachedtoD.dividedinto44.A.imitateB.outlineC.encloseD.diagnose45.A.foreignB.inferiorC.uniqueD.temporary46.A.competitiveB.internationalC.sufficientD.fluent47.A.additionalB.traditionalC.subjectiveD.necessary48.A.approachableB.functionalC.fundamentalD.influential49.A.accompaniesB.subscribesC.tracksD.arouses50.A.disqualifyB.evaluateC.reformD.erase51.A.inshortB.morespecificallyC.inparticularD.however52.A.rescueB.pronounceC.substituteD.explore53.A.evolutionB.caseC.previewD.crisis54.A.staffB.techniquesC.statisticsD.inventions55.A.originB.natureC.resolutionD.reminderSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Theseventeenagershurriedtowardstheairportgate.Italy’snationalunder-16swimmingchampionshipwastakingplaceinGenoaandtheboysweregoingtocompetethere.14-year-oldMarcoSulislookedaroundforhisteammates.Theircoachsatnearthem.Whilepreparingfortake-off,theflightattendantbeganherroutinesafetybriefing.Mostofthepassengersidledawaythetimeengaginginchattingandeating.AlthoughaircrashesarealientoMarco,he,whoperceivedhowvitaltheprocesswas,wouldlaterrememberallherwords.Duringtheflight,asearlierinstructed,helocatedthenearestemergencyexitandmadeamentalnoteoftheredhandlebehindaprotectiveplasticshield.Toopenthedoor,onehadtoremovetheplasticandpullthehandle.Flankedbymountainstothenorth,theairportisoftenbatteredbystrongwinds.Flight1553wasashortone.Theskythatdaywascrystallineblueandvisibilitywasperfect.Attwominutestotouchdown,theplanerocked，whichwaslaterfoundtobeoutofmechanicalfaults.Soon,ittoucheddownprecariouslyontwowheels.Thecaptainattemptedtoreducetheairplane’sspeedbybrakinghardbutitwasnouse.Slippingsideways,theplanerushedoutintotheseaathighspeed.Tonsofwaterpouredintothecabin.Passengerswereshoutingandrushingtowardstheemergencyexitdoor.Marcowatchedpeoplestrugglewiththedoorfruitlessly.“Letmedoit!”Marcoyelled,leapingoutofhisseat.Marcosmashedtheclearplasticwiththepalmofhishand.Hegrabbedthehandleandpulled,usingallthestrengthinhisbody.Theemergencyexitdoorfinallyswungopen.However,theemergencydoorpinnedMarco’slegdown.PassengerspassedMarcoastheyrushedoutoftheplane.Alreadysoakinginwater,Marcoknewtherewasnotimetowaste.Hepushedagainstthedoorashardashecouldandmanagedtofreehisleg.Marcoexitedfromtheplanefinallyandsawhiscoachandteammatesbobbinginthewaves.Hebeganswimmingtowardstheconcretepier（码头）.Theothersfollowed.Whentheyreachedthepier,theyweresafeatlast.Eventhoughfourpeoplewerekilledintheaccident,manymoresurvivedbecauseofMarco.Marcojustsimplysaid,“AllIdidwastowatchsafetybriefing.”56.WhydidMarcorememberthesafetybriefing?A.Becauseheusedtomeetwithanairaccident.B.Becauseheisexcellentatrememberingthings.C.Becausehewasnotusedtoeatingandchattingonboard.D.Becauseherealizedtheimportanceofflightsafetymeasures.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?Marcowasthepassengersittingnearesttotheemergencyexit.Theweatherconditionwasgoodforflyingonthedayoftheaccident.C．Theplanewentwrongaboveinskybecauseofthebatteringofwind.D.Thepilotbrakedandfinallymanagedtoslowdowntheplane.Whydidn’tMarcoleavetheplaneassoonastheexitdoorwasopened?Becausehewastryingtokeeptheexitdooropenforotherpassengers.Becausehewaslookingforthecoachandteammatesintheplane.Becauseonepartofhisbodywasstucktight.Becausehewasafraidoftheseawateroutsidetheplane.Manypeoplewerefinallysavedmainlybecause .thecrashontherunwaywasnotseriousMarcomanagedtoopentheexitdoortheyknewhowtoswimintheseawatertheyreceivedhelpfromstaffatconcretepier(B)Nicaraguaisalandofopportunityfortravelers.Therearevastandvariedactivitiesonecanhaveinthiscountry.HikeUptheMombachoVolcanoThistwo-hourhikeisn’tgoingtobeaneasyone,butitisarewardingexperienceandwillgetyourheartracing.Youcanlookforwardtobeautifulviewsofseveralofthefourcraters,spottingwildlife,andenjoyingthecoolertemperature.Incaseofanyencounterwithsomefiercecreatures,itisrecommendedthatyouhireatourguideatthewelcomecenterwhoknowshowtoreactatanemergency.HorsebackRidingintheCloudForestsHorsebackridinginthelushNicaraguancountrysideisn’tsomethingtomiss.Topreventanydangerasuspicioushorsemightbring,youhavetobookapackagedtourthroughalegalagencyandthenaccompaniedbyagroom,youcanenjoyamorningorafternoonexploringthebackroadsrightoutsidethecityofGranada.ThebestpartofthisexperienceisavisittotheApoyoLagoon,anaturereservethatoriginatedabout23,000yearsago.Withabeautifullake,itisawelcomedrespiteafterridinginthehotsunforhours.Besuretopackabathingsuit.SunbatheintheCornIslandsNotallactivitieshavetobeadrenaline-inducing.TakeabreakandenjoythesunshineontheCornIslands.Theislandsareabout43milesoffthecoastofNicaraguaandconsistofBigCornIslandandLittleCornIsland.Sunny,withwarmweatheryearround,theseislandsmakefortheperfectvacation.VisitorscanenjoylazybeachdaysbythecrystalbluewatersoftheCaribbeanSea.VolcanoBoardatCerroNegroForthosewhodaretotryVolcanoboardingthere’snobetterplacethanCerroNegro.CerroNegroisstillanactivevolcanothatlasteruptedin1999andismonitoredcloselybytheNicaraguanSeismicNetworktopreparefortheimmediateevacuationincaseoferuptions.Whenthevolcanoisbehavingitself,itistheperfectplaygroundforadventurers.Whichevertourcompanyyoubook,youwillneedtobepreparedtocarryyourboard.Thesummit,fromwhichyouwillboarddown,isabout2,388feet,aheightidealfortheactivity.Afteraquickcompulsorytutorialofwhattodo,youwillputonyour“flightsuit”,girdyourloins,anddescenddownthevolcano.Theentireexperienceisaboutthreetofiveminutes,dependingonwhetheryoustoporrolloffyourboard.Theunderlinedwordevacuationisclosestinmeaningto,demonstrationB.withdrawalC.punishmentD.entertainment61.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.AtourguideissuggestedforMombachohikingtostrengthenwildnessexperience.TheexperienceattheApoyoLagoonreserveisastiringasthehorsebackriding.CerroNegroisperfectforvolcanoboardbecauseitisstillactive.VisitorsmustreceivetrainingbeforeactuallyboardingfromCerroNegropeak.ApersonwholikestakingchargeofeverythingonhisownintravelwillmostlikelygototheMombachoVolcanotheCloudForeststheCornIslandsCerroNegro(C)Ifyou'veevertakenaclassindrawing,paintingorpotteryandinspiteofyourbesteffort,couldn'tmakethefinalresultlookanythinglikethemodelshown,youmayhavethought,“Idon'thaveacreativeboneinmybody.”Accordingtosomescientists,whoforthepast20yearshaveputtheelusivesubjectofcreativitythroughtherigorsofresearch,youareunderratingyourself.DaVinciyoumayneverbe,butwhenitcomestocreativity,weareallsomewhatblessed.It'slearningtofosterthisuniquetoolofextraordinaryproductivity,andthenapplyingitineverythingyoudo,thatcountstotellyoufromfigureslikeDaVinci.“Evenifwedon'thavethegoodfortunetodiscoveranewchemicalelementorwriteagreatstory,theloveofthecreativeprocessforitsownsakeisavailabletoall,”saysMihalyCsikszentmihalyiinCreativity:FlowandPsychologyofDiscoveryandInvention.Mostpeoplebelievetherealmofcreativityhasbeenawardedtothoseperceivedtohavespecialtalent.Welookuponthese“creativegeniuses,”asweoftencallthem,withaweandabitofenvy.Theirabilities,mostpeopleassume,arebestowedbygoodgenes,or,asifinGreekmythology,fromsomekindofdivineinspiration.Thereisnoargumentthattheworldisnevershortofhighlytalentedandcreativepeople.Theyaremastersoftheirtradesandstandheads-and-shouldersabovecommoners,makingnewpathwaysforotherstofollow,andprovidinggreatercontextandunderstandingofourworld.Itcouldbesaidthatwithoutcreativityhumanitywouldnotevolvesorapidly.Butlikeapubliclyrecognizedcreativebaseballplayerwhohoneshisskillthroughyearsofcontinuoustraining,foregoingotherpursuitsforthesolepassion,peoplewhoshowtheslightestreluctanceforarduouslaborareboundtowitnesstheirboastedabilitydisappear.Aftercloselystudying91creativeandinfluentialpeople,includingnovelists,playwrights,composers,musiciansandscientists,Csikszentmihalyiconcludesthatnoonewouldignorethesweattheyshedandtheiralmostinsanewillingnesstofollowtheircreativeendeavortotheveryend,whereverthatmaybe.Thesearetheverythingsweallcanmaster,solongaswe’dliketo.It’swidelybelievedthatcreativitycomesfrom .goodtrainingpeoplereceivefromartisticclassesthetoolwelearnfrommasterslikeDaVincitheinborngenesorrelevantgifts.certainGreekhistoricaltextbooksWhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?Commonpeopleratherthancreativeonesleadinvariousprofessions.People’sadmirationofgeniusesmakeshumanitydevelopquickly.Thefieldofbaseballrequiresmoregiftsthanhardwork.TheessenceofcreativityliesindevotionandeffortTheunderlinedwordforegoingisclosestinmeaningto.A.givingupB.combiningC.referringtoD.extendingWhatisthepassagemainlyabout?Howordinarypeopleandscientistsviewthingsdifferently.People’smisunderstandingofcreativityanditstruenature.Thereasonsforthedevelopmentofvarioustradesandhumanity.Ordinarypeople’sunwillingnesstofollowtheexamplesofcreativeones.SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassages.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Itiswidelyrecognizedthatthedoghasacomplexstructureofbrain,similar,inaway,tothatofhuman's.Buttheyrespondcorrectlytoourwords.Animalsarefoundtohaveadoptedvariousmechanismstodefendagainstenemies.Theyarecapableofobtainingmoodimplicationseventhoughtheycan'ttalk.Ithasbeendiscoveredthatdogs'brains,likethoseofhumans,computetheintonationandmeaningseparately.Domesticatedanimalshaveevolvedalongsidehumansforthepastthousandsofyears.EverydogownerknowsthatsayingGooddog!inahappy,high-pitchedvoicewillbringaboutaflurryofjoyfultailwaggingintheirpet.Thatmakesscientistscurious.Whatexactlyhappensinyourdog'sbrainwhenithearspraise?Andisitsimilartothewayourownbrainprocessessuchacousticinformation?Whenapersongetsacompliment,themoreprimitivesubcortical（皮下的）auditoryregionsfirstreacttotheintonation（声调），theemotionalforceofspokenwords.Next,thebraintapsthemorerecentlyevolvedauditorycortex（皮质）tofigureoutthemeaningofthewords,whichislearned. 67 Ofcourse,dogsusetheirrightbrainhemispheretodoso,whereasweuseourlefthemisphere.Still,amysteryremains.Dotheirbrainsgothroughthesamestepstoprocessapproval?It'sanimportantquestion.Dogsarespeechlessspecies. 68 Forinstance,somedogsareabletorecognizethousandsofnamesofindividualobjects.Theycanevenlinkeachnametoaspecificobject.Whenthescientistsstudiedscansofthebrainsofpetdogs,theyfoundthattheirs,likeours,processedthesoundsofspokenwordsinamulti-stepmanner.Theyanalyzefirsttheemotionalcomponentwiththeolderregionofthebrain,thesubcorticalregions.Subsequently,theydealwiththewords’meaningwiththenewerpart,thecortex.Previousstudieshaveshownthatmanyanimals,fromsongbirdstodolphins,usethesubcortextoprocessemotionalhints. 69 Zebras,forinstance,caneavesdropontheemotion,orfrighttobeprecise,inotherherbivore(食草动物)animals'calls.Inthiswaytheylearnifpredatorsarenearby.It’slikelythathumanlanguageevolvedfromsuchhints,Weemploythesameneurologicalsystemstodevelopspeech. 70 Dogshavetheverylikelinesstomakespecialuseoftheancientconnectiontoprocesshumanemotions.Ithelpsexplainwhydogsaresosuccessfulatpartneringwithusandattimesmanipulatinguswiththosesoulfuleyes.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossib.leSurveysindicatethatathirdofBritonsregularlyeatontheirown.OpenTable,anonlinerestaurantbookingapp,foundthatsolodininginNewYorkincreasedby80%duringthepast5years.AndinJapan,theworldcapitalofsolodining,atrendfor"lowinteractiondining"hastakenoff.Restaurantsareopeningwhichfacilitatetheultimatesolodiningexperience:passingbowlsofnoodlesthroughblackcurtainsintoindividualbooths.Isthisaworryingtrend?Wethinkso.Researchisrevealingthenegativeimpactsofeatingalone,whichhasbeenfoundtobelinkedtoavarietyofmentalandphysicalhealthconditions,fromdepressionanddiabetestohighbloodpressure.Soit'scheeringthathundredsoffoodsharinginitiativeshavesprunguparoundtheworld.There'sLondon'sCasseroleClub,forexample,whosevolunteersshareportionsofhome-cookedfoodwithpeopleintheirareawhoaren'talwaysabletocookforthemselves,inwhichcasetheyputanendtofoodwaste.OrthereisSouthAfrica'sFoodJams,socialgatheringsinwhichparticipantsarepairedup,preferablywithstrangers,andgivenaportionofthemealtoprepare.Manyparticipantsinterviewedmentionedthattheirlonelinesswasgreatlyrelieved.Suchinitiativesofferlessonsofallkindstothosethinkingabouthowourfoodsystemsneedtochange.Theyalsosomewhatcompensatefortheundesirableoutcomessoleeatingbrings.Sowhydopeoplestopeatingtogether?Thereareavarietyofreasons.AuthorssuchasMichaelPollanarguethatitisduetothefactthatpeopleattachlessvaluetohome-basedlabor,includingcooking.Thewideningoftheworkforce,whichbroughtmanywomenoutofthekitchenandintotheworkplaceduringthe20thcentury,alsocontributed.Meanwhile,thegrowthininsecureandinconsistentworkingpatternsamongagrowingproportionofthepopulationalsodiscouragesmealseatencommunally.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets..这类复杂的问题不是一朝一夕就能解决的。(It).这家图书馆里，所有上个世纪手工绘制的漫画书都不外借。(available).该款电动车提供终生免费保养，这吸引了顾客的眼球，大大促进了销量。(which).短视频服务不仅仅满足了人们的娱乐需求，而且拓宽了学习渠道，给教育领域带来了意想不到的变化。(Notonly)VI.GuidedWriting