剑桥商务英语bec中级写作

BEC中级写作电子讲义

第一讲BEC写作概述

本课程安排简介

写作共6次课，第1次讲概述。

BEC写作简介：

1写作目的与要求

1Canmakenotesthatareusefultobothhim/herselfandtocolleagues.

2Canwritemostlettershe/sheislikelytobeaskedtodo;sucherrorsasoccurwillnot

preventunderstandingofthemessage.

3Canwriteasimplereport.

写作考试共进行45分钟，占总成绩的25%,小作文占10分，大作文占20分。

更多的报名信息和成绩查询方法请上网了解：教育部考试中心

2测试范围与选材

1>身份介绍(PersonalIdentification)

2、工作环境与日常事务(Theoffice,generalbusiness,environmentandroutine)

3、接待与闲暇活动(Entertainmentofclients,freetime,relationshipswithcolleaguesand

clients)

4^商务旅行(Travel)

5^健康(Health)

6^购买与销售(Buyingandselling)

7^公司结构、系统及程序(Companystructures,systems,processes)

8、产品与服务(Productsandservices)

9^成果与成就(Resultsandachievements)

其外，还会涉及其他的一般商务话题(Businessissues)o

3测试题型分析

AnOverviewofBECVantageWriting

PARTFunctions/CommunicativeInputResponseRegister

Task

1BusinessCorrespondence:Rubriconly(pluslayoutofNote,message,memoorNeutral/

e.g.givinginstructions,outputtexttype)e-mail(40-50words)informal

explainingadevelopment,

askingforcomments,

requestinginformation,

agreeingtorequests

2Correspondence:OneormorepiecesofinputBusinesscorrespondenceNeutral/

e.g.explaining,apologising,from:business(mediummaybeletter,faxformal

reassuring,complainingcorrespondence(mediumore-mail)orshortreport

maybeletter,faxore-mail),orproposal(mediummay

Report:internalcommunicationbememoore-mail)

describing,summarising(mediummaybenote,(120-140words)

memo,ore-mail),notice,

Proposal:advert,graphs,chart,etc.

describing,summarising,(pluslayoutifoutputisfax

recommending,persuadingore-mail)

题型：1.商务便条类；2.商务便函类；3.商务书信类；4.商务报告类

注意：BEC不是单纯的英语考试，也不是考察商务知识。

对策：学习、模仿高水平的论文

例题解析：

•Youworkforacompanywhichproduceslaserprinters.Youarevisitinganother

company,Softcell,tobuysomecomputersoftwareforyourdepartment.Theyhave

expressedaninterestinyourcompany5sprintersandyouwouldliketotaketwenty

brochuresandthreesampleprinterswithyou.

相关词汇：laser,inkjet,projector(Barco),photocopier(Xerox),faxmachine,scanner,computer,

monitor

相关词汇：companyliterature;brochure;leaflet;flyer;whitebook;datasheet;prospectus

・WriteashortnotetoMr.JimAsano,theSalesManager.

•Askingforhispermissiontotaketheseitems.

•Explainingwhyyouwantthem.

•Mentioningthetimeanddatewhenyouwanttocollectthem.

Write40-50wordsonyourAnswerSheet.

便函便条类题目的结构

Input:situationdescription

Task:memo,note,email

contentpoints

Write:internalmessage(40-50words)

注意：格式；发挥部分要确切

评分标准

BEC写作评分方法

级别第一部分分

数

5全部完成答题要求

•所有内容点都已包括在内并在答题要求允

许的情况下加以发挥

•语言规范、自然；错误最少，均属小错。

9或10分

•多样化的语言结构和丰富的词汇量。

•组织效果好，注意前后呼应。

•语域和格式完全适当。

给读者的印象极佳。

4较好的完成答题要求

•所有内容点都处理得不错。

•大体准确；运用复杂语言口寸有错误。

•结构合理，用词准确。7或8分

•大体上组织较好，注意逻辑关系。

•语域和格式总体来说适当。

给读者的印象良好。

3尚能达到答题要求

•所有的主要内容点已包括进去，遗漏了一

些次要的内容。

•出现一些错误，但不妨碍交流。

5或6分

•结构和词汇掌握范围适度。

•组织和安排总的来说令人满意。

•语域和格式尚可，虽然并不完全成功。

给读者的印象较好。

2不能完全达到答题要求

•遗漏了一些主要的内容点或者处理得不充

分，可能有些不切题。

•有时错误影响清楚交流，错误较多，使读

者感到迷惑。3或4分

•结构、词汇掌握范围有限。

•内容条理不清、不连贯，造成理解困难。

•语域和格式不适当。

给读者的印象不佳。

1未能达到答题要求

•显著的内容遗漏/或大量内容不相关，可能

由于对题目要求的误解。

•严重不规范，经常出现基本错误。…仆

•题目要求的结构和词汇儿乎没有提到。刀

•缺乏组织，造成交流失败。

•几乎没有使用适当的语域和格式。

给读者的印象极差。

0什么要求也没达到。字数少于所需字数的25%,

或是完全不能辨认或是完全不切题。”

注意：content;accuracy;conciseness

【例题】

•Christmasiscoming.YourcompanyisgoingtoholdtheannualChristmasparty.Asthe

secretaryofthegeneralmanager,youhelparrangethepreparationforit.

•Writeamemotoallemployees.

•Announcingtheplannedparty.

•Welcomingallemployeestojoinit.

•Introducingtheprogramsofit.

•Mentionthetimeandplacethatittakesplace.

•Write40—50wordsonyourAnswerSheet.

商务书信类

这一题型要求考生根据所提供的短文，如书信、传真、便函、留言条(电话留言条)等，起

草一封书信，字数要求达到120—140词左右。

题目结构：

Input:1situationdescription

2task

3targetreader

Reading:textsinnote,letter,fax,memo+contentpoints(handwrittennotes;secondletter)

Write:businessletter(120-140words)

注意英美拼写问题

【例题】

•Youhaveorganisedaproductionconferenceforyourcompanywhichwillbeheldon10

October2005.ThefollowingistheletterofconfirmationyoureceivedfromtheConference

Centre.

•Readtheletterandfaxbelow,whichgivesdetailsoftheconference.

•Then,usingallinformationfromthefax,writeyourlettertoJohnSmithattheNuffield

ConferenceCentre,explainingthechangestothearrangements.

•Donotincludepostaladdresses.

•Write120-140wordsonseparatesheet.

DearConferenceOrganiser,

Iamwritingtoconfirmthearrangementsfortheconference.

DATEANDTIME:10thOctober-10a.m.to5p.m.

NUMBEROFGUESTS:50

ROOMSRESERVED10a.m.to12:30p.m.

CONFERENCEHALL3

2p.m.to5p.m.

SEMINARROOMS1,2,and3

CATERING:Coffee—11a.m.to11:30a.m.

Lunch-12:30p.m.to2p.m.

ConferenceCentreRestaurant

Tea-4p.m.

WelookfonvardtowelcomingyourcompanytotheNuffieldConferenceCentre.

Yoursfaithfully,

JohnSmith

TodayyourProductionManagerhassentyouthefaxbelowwithchangeshewouldliketo

maketotheconferencearrangements

FAX

I'mafraidwehavetomakesomelast-minutechangestothearrangementsforourproduction

conference.

1.Tenmoreguestshaveaccepted.

2.ThePresidentwantsonlyonehourforlunch,andjustasimplebuffet-notseatedinthe

restaurant.

TheConferenceSpeaker(TomMoors)can'tcomeuntil2pm.Sohewillgivehispresentationin

theafternoon.Canwemovetheseminarstothemorning?

Sorryaboutthis!

Sam

注意：1不要跑题

2适当发挥

3目标读者

4不要抄袭

三种对策：

a换句型

e.g.Thisruleappliesineverycase.

Therearenoexceptionslotherule.（肯定句变否定句）

b换同义词

e.g.Theargumentsputforwardbythesetwoauthorsarenearlythesame.

Theviewsexpressedbythetwowritersarealmostidentical,

c改词性

e.g.TheEnglishlanguagehashadamajorimpactondevelopingotherworldlanguages.

OtherworldlanguageshavebeengreatlyaffectedbytheEnglishlanguageintheir

developments.

商务报告类

【例题】

•Yourecentlyattendedaone-daycourseonoificemanagement.Belowisthecourse

programme,withthecommentsyouwroteonit.

•WriteashortreportaboutthecourseforyourManager.Includeallyourcommentsandsay

whetheryourcompanyshouldsendotherstaffonthiscourse.Write120-140words.

•WriteonyourAnswerSheet.Donotwriteincapitalletters.

,practical

OFFICEMANAGEMENTSEMINAR

FieldHouse,London

26May1999

PROGRAMME

9.00-10.45Managingpeopleanddevelopingprodubtive

Workingrelationships

10.45-11.00Coffee

11.00X12.45lanningtheday,work-flow,prioritising

12.45-l.W)Lunch

1.30与.15Problem-solvinganddecision-making

3.15-3.3

3.3O^SOOtaffappraisalandstaffdevelopment

ulideas

shortto

Recommen

第二讲BEC写作的语言、语法、组织和文体

评分标准:

级别第一部分分第二部分分

数数

5全部完成答题要求

•所有内容点都已包括在内并在答题要求允

许的情况下加以发挥

•语言规范、自然；错误最少，均属小错。

9或10分18或20分

•多样化的语言结构和丰富的词汇量。

•组织效果好，注意前后呼应。

•语域和格式完全适当。

给读者的印象极佳。

4较好的完成答题要求

•所有内容点都处理得不错。

•大体准确；运用复杂语言时有错误。

•结构合理，用词准确。7或8分14或16分

•大体上组织较好，注意逻辑关系。

•语域和格式总体来说适当。

给读者的印象良好。

3尚能达到答题要求

•所有的主要内容点已包括进去，遗漏了一

些次要的内容。

•出现一些错误，但不妨碍交流。

5或6分10或12分

•结构和词汇掌握范围适度。

•组织和安排总的来说令人满意。

•语域和格式尚可，虽然并不完全成功。

给读者的印象较好。

2不能完全达到答题要求

•遗漏了一些主要的内容点或者处理得不充

分，可能有些不切题。

•有时错误影响清楚交流，错误较多，使读

者感到迷惑。3或4分6或8分

•结构、词汇掌握范围有限。

•内容条理不清、不连贯，造成理解困难。

•语域和格式不适当。

给读者的印象不佳。

1未能达到答题要求

•显著的内容遗漏/或大量内容不相关，可能1或2分2或4分

由于对题目要求的误解。

•严重不规范，经常出现基本错误。

•题目要求的结构和词汇几乎没有提到。

•缺乏组织，造成交流失败。

•几乎没有使用适当的语域和格式。

给读者的印象极差。

0什么要求也没达到。字数少于所需字数的25%,公益

或是完全不能辨认或是完全不切题。力力

评分五个方面：

1content

2language

3structure&vocabulary

4organisation

展开论述上面的5个方面

1内容的完整性

2语言

6C原则

1.准确(correctness)

包括四层意义，即阅读人能理解、接受的英语水平；使用精确措词，传达准确信息；正

确地使用语法利标点符号；拼写正确。

(1)恰当的语言风格

请比较下面两组例词:

FormalInformal

approximatelyAbout

inquireAsk

ascertainfindout

obtainreceive

assisthelp

participateshare

constructbuild

purchasebuy

contributegive

sufficientenough

difficulthard

utilizeuse

(2)准确的措词和信息

下面列出的是一系列极易混淆的单词及词组，请注意区分:

alot/allot

allright/alright

cannot/cannot

differentfrom/differentthan

.dueto/becauseof

effect/affect

fewer/less

lie/lay

principal/principle

that/which

their/them/they're

waitfor/waiton

who/whom

(3)正确的语法和标点符号

(4)正确的拼写

2.清楚(Clarity)

(1)逻辑布局(LogicalOrganization)

常用的逻辑布局方法包括：

①因果关系(Cause&Effect)

②时I'HJ顺序(ChronologicalDevelopment)

③序列顺序(SequentialDevelopment)

④比较(Comparison)

⑤一般到特殊(FromGeneraltoSpecific)

⑥特殊到一般(FromSpecifictoGeneral)

(2)合理构架句群与段落(WeH-WrillenSentences&Paragraphs)

例句：

修改前：MarshallCorporationwasfoundedfortyyearsago,anditnowhasbranchofficesin

fourstates,anditemploysnearly400individuals.

修改后：MarshallCorporationwasfoundedfortyyearsago.Withbranchofficesinfour

states,itnowemploysnearly400individuals.

(3)统一性与一致性(UnityandCoherence)

(4)强调(Emphasis)

①位置

②重复

③数量

④技巧

(5)将句中关系紧密的词尽量靠近。

比较下面三对句子：

A.TheyboughtabicycleinBeijinginasmallshopwhichcosts$25,00.

Theyboughtabicyclefor$25,00inasmallshopinBeijing.

B.Hewaswarnednottodrinkwatereveninarestaurantwhichhadnotbeenboiled.

Hewaswarnednottodrinkwaterwhichhadnotbeenboiled.

C.Thosewhoworkrapidlygetillintheseconditions.

Thosewhoworkintheseconditionsrapidlygetill.

(6)避免在同一个句子中使用意义不同的同一个字。

Weshalltakeafirmlinewiththefirm.

Weshalltakeastronglinewiththefilm.

3.简洁(Conciseness)

A.Wehavebeguntoexportourmachinetocountriesabroad.

Wehavebeguntoexportourmachines.

B.IntheeventthatyouspeaktoMr.Woodinregardtoproduction,askhimtogive

considerationtothedeliveryschedule.

IfyouspeaktoMr.Woodaboutproduction,askhimtoconsiderthedeliveryschedule.

C.Werequirefurniturewhichisofthenewtype.

Werequirenew・typefurniture.

(1)使用简洁的语言(Usesimplelanguage)

尽量使用避免使用

pleasewillyoubegoodenoughto

preferexpressapreferencefor

becauseforthereasonthat

⑵少用陈词滥调(Omittriteexpressions)

asthecasemaybe

ithascometomyattention

atanearlyage

availyourselfofthisopportunity

previousto

crackofdawn

pursuanttoyourrequest

takethelibertyto

duetothefactthat

thankingyouinadvance

enclosedherein

thisistoinformyou

underseparatecover

withkindestregards

Iwishtostate

(3)避免冗长的表达方式和不必要的重复(avoidwordyexpressions&unnecessaryrepetition)o

WordyConcise

1.Wewouldliketoplease

2.ForthemonthofAugustforAugust

3.Pursuanttotheendofthisweeknow

4.Alongperiodoftimealongtime

5.Atthistimenow

6.Isatthistimeis

7.Theweightwashigherthantheweightwasgreaterthan

8.1expectedittobeexpected

9.Duringtheyearof1995during1995

10.Forthedevelopmentoffordeveloping

11.InthecityofDallasinDallas

12.Theproblemwasthatthecarwouldnotthecarwouldnotstart

start

13.Squareinshapesquare

14.inaccordancewithyourrequestyourequested

15.Signonthefrontofthisformsignthisform

16.Duringthetimethatwhile

17.Consensusofopinionweagree

18.Rememberthefactthatremember

19,Heldameetingmet

20.thisisthesituationatthistimenow

(4)删改无关紧要的成份(Removeunneededfacts)

A.Itshouldbenotedthatthisisthebestwecando,

B.Foryourinformationweencloseacatalogue.

C.PleasebeadvisedIhatwehavereceivedyourinvoice.

1.assoonaspossiblebyJuly10

2.asyouindicatedinyourletterasyouindicated

3.atalltimesalways

4.atthistimenow

5.continuetoutilizetheoldfonnuntilstartusingthenewformonFebruary

suchtimeasthenewformisavailable

6.despitethefactthatdespite

7.forthemonthofAprilforApril

8.forobviousreasonthatbecause

9.Iwouldaskthatyouplease

10.inconjunctionwithwith

11.inthemererecentpastrecently

12.intheunlikelyeventthatif

13.intheunlikelyeventthatIamunabletoifIamlate,pleasedelaythemeeting

beontime,pleasedelaythemeeting

14.inviewofthefactthatbecause

15.itwillbegreatlyappreciatedifyouplease

16.ourproductionofthenewproductwillproductionwillbeginonJuly1

commenceonJuly1

17.pleasebeadvisedthatweexpectyoutopleasereviewthecontract

reviewtheenclosedcontract

(5)多使用主动语态的句子结构以明确表达意思。

PaymentoftheiraccountswillbemadebyJohnsonsnextweek.

Johnsonswillpaytheiraccountsnextweek.

4.具体(Concreteness)

(1)尽可能地提供明确、具体的信息。

A.Thesebrakescanstopacarwithinashortdistance.

TheseGoodsonpowerbrakescanstopa2-toncarwithin24feet.

B.Wehopetheequipmentwillbedeliveredtoourcompanyassoonaspossible.

PleasedelivertheequipmenttoourcompanybeforenextFriday.

C.Sheisafasttypist.

Shetypesatthefastrateof85wordsperminute.

(2)使用具体词汇

A.Wehavenohesitationinadvisingyou...

Weadviseyou...

B.Thepreparationofnewpricescaleisinhand.

Newpricescalesarebeingpreparedthisweek.

C.Duetotheunusualnatureoftherequest,...

Astherequestisunusual,...

agreatdealoftime,bad,large,good,small,around,old,convenient,young,little,majority,

minority,most,less

5.完整(Completeness)

自查：谁(Who)?什么(What)?什么时候(When)?在哪里(Where)?为什么(Why)?怎么样

(How)?

6.礼貌(Courtesy)

例如：

DearMrs.Walters,

Becauseyoudelayedsolonginyourresponse,ModelGSFisoffstock.Ifyouareinterested,

wehavesomesimilarmodelsonhand

Yourstruly,

修改：

DearMrs.Walters

IfIhadknownyourneedsbeforeMay20,IcouldhaveshippedModelGSPimmediately.

However,thespringsaledrainedourstock.

TheModelGSK,asimilarinstrument,isinstock,andyoucouldhaveitatthesamepriceas

theGSF.Itnormallysellsfor$10,000more.wewillshipitassoonasyougiveustheword.

Yourssincerely

(1)使用礼貌友好的词汇

A.说“Thankyou"，例如：

Thankyouforyourletterofyesterday.

Thankyouforyourpromptreply.

Thankyouforhelpingusinthisrespect.

Thankyouforyourinformation.

(2)体谅对方的写作态度(You-Attitude)

Writeremphasis:WeareshippingyourorderonFriday.

Readeremphasis:YouwillreceiveyourorderbyMonday,October10.

Writeremphasis:Toreduceourcosts,wearechangingthebillingsystem.

Readeremphasis:Toprovideyouwithclearrecords,wearechangingourbillingsystem.

Writeremphasis:Iwaspleasedtohearthattheprojectwascompleted.

Readeremphasis:Congratulationsonsuccessfullycompletingtheproject

Writeremphasis:Weregretthatyouclosedyouraccountwithusaweekago.Webelievethat

peoplemaycomebacktoourbankagainsoonerorlatersincewehavea

goodcreditamongourcustomers.

Readeremphasis:Aweekagoyouclosedyouraccountwithus.Whateverthereason,weare

pleasedtohaveplayedsomesmallpartinyourprogram.Youarecordially

invitedtouseour'otherservicesasoccasionmayrequire.

(3)措辞得体(AppropriateWording)

a.避免采用消极性的词汇或句式

NegativeWording:TheofficeisclosedafterfourO'clock,

PositiveWording:TheofficeisopenuntilfourO'clock.

NegativeWording:WhenIreceivedyourcomplaint,Icheckedourrecords.

PositiveWording:WhenIreceivedyourletter,Icheckedourrecords.

NegativeWording:Becauseyoufailedtoconnectthecable,thepicturewasblurred.

PositiveWording:ThepicturewasbluiTedbecausetheV-2cablewasnotconnectedtothe

terminal.

NegativeWording:Youdidnotreadmyrecentletter.

PositiveWording:PleaserefertomyJune10thletter.

NegativeWording:TheExecutiveBoarddidnotreceivenotification.

PositiveWording:SeveralmembersoftheExecutiveBoardinquiredaboutthetimeofour

Decembermeeting.Willyoupleasesendthemafollow-up?

NegativeWording:Yourletterwasnotclear.

PositiveWording:Iwouldappreciateanoutlineofourmarketingdifferencesthatyou

mentionedinyourOctober14thletter.

b.有失礼貌的言词

Wedenyyourclaimcomplaint

Wedonotbelieveconfusion

Wearenotsurecontrary

Wefinditdifficulttounderstandcontrivance

Weexpectdelinquent

Weinsistdeny

Weareforceddisagreeable

Wetakeissueexasperate

Youforgotfailure

Youneglectedignorance

Youfailedtoimpatience

Youmisunderstoodincompetent

Youmustincredible

Youshouldknowinexcusable

Youdonothaveinference

Youaredelinquentinsincere

Youinsistthatinsinuate

Youdidnotsayinsulting

Yourignoringintolerable

Yourcreditrefusalirresponsible

Yourrecentcomplaintirritated

Yourfailuretolack

Yourmisunderstandingneglect

Yourneglectfulattitudeobjection

Yourdisregardforobnoxious

Yourinsinuationoffensive

Yourlackofcommunicationunbelievable

Yourdelinquentaccountuncooperative

(4)避免使用有性别歧视之嫌的词语

A.用“person”代替第三人称单数。

例如：

Insteadof:Pleasesharethisreportwithyoursupervisor.Hewillfinditinteresting.

Say:Pleasesharethisreportwithyoursupervisor,whowillfinditinteresting.

B.有一些常用的商务英语词汇有性别歧视之嫌，应该稍加改变。

InsteadofSay

Businessmanbusinessperson

workmenemployees/worker

Chairmanchairperson

Foremensupervisors

Salesmansalesrepresentative/salesperson

Spokesmanspokesperson

Stockboystockclerk

Workmanemployee/worker

(5)及时答复(TimelyResponse)

例：Wewillexamineyourcameratodeterminetheshutter-responseproblemandhaveitback

toyouwithinthreeweeks,ifrepairsaxeneeded,Iwillcallyouforapprovaltomaketherepairs.

例：Mr.Smithisoutoftheofficeuntiltheendofthemonth.Iamsurehewillbeableto

provideyouwithalloftheinformationyourequestedwhenhereturns.

连贯和衔接

(一)连贯(coherence)

常见连接词有：

1表示罗列增加

First,second,third,

First,then/next,afterthat/next,finally

Foronething...foranother...,

On(the)onehand...ontheotherhand,

Besides/what'smore/inaddition/furthermore/moreover/another/also,

Especially/Inparticular,

2表示时间顺序

now,atpresent,recently,

after,afterwards,afterthat,afterawhile,inafewdays,

atfirst,inthebeginning,tobeginwith,

later,next,finally,

immediately,soon,suddenly,allofasudden,atthatmoment,assoonas,themoment

formnowon,fromthenon,

atthesametime,meanwhile,

till,not...until,before,after,when,while,asduring,

3表示解释说明

now,inaddition,forexample,forinstance,inthiscase,moreover

furthermore,infact,actually

4表示转折关系

but,however,while,though,or,otherwise,onthecontrary,ontheother

hand,incontrast,despite,inspiteof,eventhough,except(for),instead,ofcourse,afterall,

5表示并列关系

or,and,also,too,notonly...butalso,aswellas,both...and,either...or,neither...nor

6表示因果关系

because,becauseof,since,nowthat,as,thanksto...,dueto...,therefore,asaresult(of),

otherwise,so...that,such...that

7表示条件关系

as(so)longas,onconditionthat,if,unless

8表不让步关系

though,although,as,evenif,eventhough,whether...or...,however,whoever,

whatever,whichever,wherever,whenever,nomatterhow(who,what,which,where,when,

whom)

9表示举例

forexample,forinstance,suchas...,take...forexample

10表示比较

besimilarto,similarly,thesameas,incontrast,comparedwith(to)...justlike,justas,

11表示目的

forthisreason,,forthispurpose,sothat,inorderto,soasto,

12表示强调

indeed,infact,surely,certainly,nodoubt,withoutanydoubt,truly,

obviously,aboveall,

13表示概括归纳

inaword,inshort,inbrief,onthewhole,generallyspeaking,inmyopinion,asfarasIknow,

Asweallknow,ashasbeenstated,asIhaveshown,finally,atlast,insummary,inconclusion,

(二)彳钉接(cohesion)

1返指(referringback)

彳列：Davisopenedadoor."Hereisyourroom.Iamafraiditisabituntidy.^^Hepickedadirty

handkerchiefoffthefloorandstuffeditinadrawer.

Thekeepercamelopingsoftlyupthelanewiththedogpaddingathisheelsandwewatched

themthroughthehedgeastheywentby.

1heldherveryclose.Mycheekwasagainsthers.

例：Thewomenwereaskedtoleave.Someofthemrefused.

Theearthquakekilled24,000peopleandinsured77,000.

例：Amanandawomanwerestrugglingupthedune.Themanworeshorts.Thewomanwore

aprintdress.

2预指(referringforward)

有多