高考总复习英语（北师大版）Unit2Heroes（必修一）

/16/16/Unit2Heroes航天新秀——陈冬某英文杂志有“人物新秀”栏目，请根据下面的提示写一篇100词左右的短文，介绍我国神舟十一号载人飞船航天员陈冬。1．男，1978年12月出生，籍贯河南郑州。2.1997年8月入伍；1999年4月入党；上校军衔；2010年5月，成为我国第二批航天员。3.经过六年严格训练，通过考核，成绩优异。4.2016年10月17日与景海鹏一起乘神舟十一号载人飞船执行33天载人飞行任务。参考词汇：上校—colonel________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ChenDong，anewlyselectedastronaut，comesfromZhengzhou，HenanProvince.HewasborninDec.1978andjoinedthearmyinAug.1997.Afterworkinginthearmyfornearlytwoyears，hebecameaCPCmemberandwaslaterpromotedtotherankofcolonel.InMay,2010，hebelongedtothesecondbatchofastronauts.①Withsixyears’hardtraining，ChenDongsucceededinpassingallkindsoftestswithexcellentperformances，whichfinallywonhimthechancetoboardthemannedspacecraftShenzhou－11togetherwiththewell－knownastronautJingHaipengon17Oct.,2016.②Thismissionisdesignedtolast33daysbeforetheyreturntotheearth.根据①句临摹临摹1：1970年中国成功发射了第一颗人造地球卫星。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________根据②句临摹临摹2：这次周末晚会的目的是使学生的生活愉快。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：1.Chinasucceededinlaunchingitsfirstman－madeearthsatellitein1970.2．Thisweekendpartyisdesignedtomakelifehappyforthestudents.Ⅰ.核心单词识记(一)写作单词识记1．calm(adj.)镇静的，沉着的2．struggle(n.)斗争，拼搏3．protest(n.&v.)抗议4．event(n.)竞赛；事件5．opinion(n.)意见，看法，主张6．personally(adv.)就自己而言(二)阅读单词识记1．charactern．人物；性格；角色2．flightn．飞行，航班3．gravityn．地心引力4．atmospheren．大气；气氛5．revolutionn．革命6．marchvi.&n.游行示威；行军7．brilliantadj.卓越的8．awfuladj.(口)糟糕的；极度的9．championn．冠军10．disastern．灾难11．commitvt.犯(错误)；干(坏事)12．relationshipn．关系13．divorcevi.离婚(三)核心单词拓展1．generous(adj.)慷慨的，大方的→generously(adv.)慷慨地，宽大地→generosity(n.)慷慨；大方2．violent(adj.)暴力的→violently(adv.)猛烈地→violence(n.)暴力，暴行3．character(n.)人物；性格；角色→characteristic(n.)特性，特征；特色(adj.)典型的；特有的4．explore(vt.)探测；勘探→exploration(n.)探测；探究；探索5．equal(adj.)平等的→equally(adv.)平等地→equality(n.)相等；平等6．skillful(adj.)灵巧的，熟练的→skillfully(adv.)熟练地→skill(n.)技巧7．compete(vi.)比赛，竞争→competition(n.)比赛→competitor(n.)竞争者，对手→competitive(adj.)竞争的；比赛的8．fortunately(adv.)幸运地→fortunate(adj.)幸运的→fortune(n.)运气；财富；命运9．promote(vt.)促进；提升→promotion(n.)提升；晋升；促销10．injury(n.)伤害，损害→injure(vt.)伤害，损害→injured(adj.)受伤的11．react(vi.)反应→reaction(n.)反应12．involve(vt.)涉及，参与→involved(adj.)参与某活动(事件)的13．disabled(adj.)残疾的→disable(vt.)使残疾，使无效→disability(n.)残疾14．confident(adj.)自信的→confidently(adv.)自信地→confidence(n.)自信；信任15．admire(vt.)钦佩，羡慕→admiration(n.)钦佩，羡慕16．absolutely(adv.)当然；绝对地→absolute(adj.)绝对的，完全的Ⅱ.核心短语背诵1．lift_off 发射，升空2．millions_of 数百万3．let_out 释放，泄露，发出4．in_my_opinion 在我看来5．on_one’s_own 独立地6．give_up 放弃7．come_to_do_something 开始(认识、理解)8．compete_against 与……比赛/竞争9．geton 融洽相处；进展10．getinvolvedwith 参加，参与11．pullthrough 使从(受伤)中活下来；渡过难关12．cometoanend 结束13．fartoo 太，极为14．comeoffit 别胡说，住口15．inthecourseof 在……的过程中Ⅲ.经典句式精练1．Weweredrivingalongacountrylanewhen_suddenly_a_car_drove_past_us(突然有一辆轿车超过了我们)，(bedoingsth.when正在做某事突然)2．Jenniferwasinthekitchen，with_her_hands_in_a_bowl_of_flour(双手在一碗面粉里)，whenshesawasmallboyclimbintoatruck.(with复合结构)3．Brandi，thesisters’mother，taughtherdaughtersathomesothattheycompletedtheirhighschoolwhile_developing_their_tennis_careers(在发展她们的网球事业的同时)．(whiledoing结构，当做……时)4．Thisnot_only(不但……)drewpublicattentiontoresearchintobackinjuriesbut_also_encouraged_a_lot_of_people_living_with_all_kinds_of_problems(而且鼓舞了很多有各种问题的人)．(notonly...butalso...不但……而且……)5．Give_me_a_challenge(给我一个挑战)andI’llmeetitwithjoy.(祈使句＋and＋陈述句)Ⅳ.课文语法填空根据课文内容用适当的词填空，使短文完整。China’sfirstmannedspaceship1.lifted(lift)offat9a．m.onWednesday，October15th,2003inJiuquan，GansuProvince.Itwas2.carrying(carry)China’sfirstastronaut，YangLiwei.Thelaunchwasverysuccessful.“Whenthespaceshipseparated3.fromtherocket，Isuddenlygotafeelingof4.soaring(soar)intotheskybecauseofthezerogravity，”saidYangLiwei.TheShenzhouVcircledtheearth14times.Whenthespaceship5.was_doing(do)itsseventhcircle，YangshowedtheflagsofChinaandtheUnitedNations,6.expressing(express)thewishesoftheChinesepeople7.to_explore(explore)andusespace8.peacefully(peace)．YanglandedinInnerMongoliasafelyat6：23a．m.onOctober16th.HetoldreportersthatwhenShenzhouVlet9.outitsparachute，hefelttheshipwasshaking.MillionsofpeoplealloverChinawerewatchingTV10.whenthespaceshiplandedsafely.Yangwashappytoreturnhomebuthethought21hourswastooshortto[联想微空间]1.后缀－ful构成形容词①skilful灵巧的，熟练的②powerful强大的③peaceful和平的④shameful可耻的⑤fearful可怕的⑥merciful可怜的2.后缀－ship构成名词①relationship关系②friendship友谊，友情③hardship困难④scholarship奖学金⑤ownership所有制3.“在某人看来”的表达①inone’sopinion②asfarassb.beconcerned③accordingtosb.④inone’sviewopinionn．意见，看法，主张[高考佳句](2017·浙江卷)Iwaswonderingifyoucouldshareyouropinionaboutthistopic.我一直想知道你是否可以分享一下你关于这个主题的观点。考点必记inone’sopinion在某人看来haveagood(high)/bad(low)opinionof对……评价很高/很糟opinionabout/on/of...对……的意见/想法/看法单句语法填空①Heheld_the_opinionthatagovernmentshouldthinkbeforeintroducingatax.她认为政府在开征一种税前应仔细斟酌。一句多译在他看来这是一本好书。②In_his_opinion，thisisagoodbook.(opinion)③According_to_him，thisisagoodbook.(according)④As_far_as_he_is_concerned，thisisagoodbook.(concerned)⑤In_his_judgement，thisisagoodbook.(judgement)⑥In_his_view，thisisagoodbook.(view)[名师指津](1)英语中“表达某人的意见”通常用express/give/offerone’sopinion，而不说makeone’sopinion。(2)英语中习惯上用what询问某人的意见或看法，而不用how。calmadj.镇静的，沉着的v.使平静下来；(使)镇静下来[高考佳句](2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Iplacedthechickinthenest，anditquicklycalmeddown.我把(猫头鹰)雏鸟放进新巢之后，它平静了下来。考点必记(1)be/keep/stay/remaincalm冷静；保持镇静(2)calmsb.down使某人镇静下来calmdown平息，使平静；平静下来，镇静下来完成句子/单句语法填空①(2014·安徽卷)Lucyandherassistanthidintheircaruntiltheangrybeeshad_calmed_down.露西和她的助手躲在他们的车上，一直到愤怒的蜜蜂都平静下来为止。②Calmdown.Thereisnothingtoworryabout!安静下来吧。没有什么可担忧的。③Weneedtocalmhimdownbeforehegoesmad.在他发疯之前必须使他安静下来。④(2014·安徽卷)Inmyopinion，suchwonderfulthingswillcalmyoudowneasilyandgiveyouthecouragetomoveon.在我看来，这么好的事情会让你很容易平静下来并且会给你继续前进的勇气。[易混辨析]calm，silent，quiet，stillcalm“镇静的，平静的”，主要指人“沉着镇定”，也指自然界“无风无浪”silent主要指人“沉默的，不出声的”，但不一定无活动quiet“安静的，宁静的”，指人时表示生性安静，不易激动；用于自然环境时，指没有干扰活动、没有喧闹声的寂静状态still“安静的，不动的”，不指心理状态，指环境和人“静的，静止的”状态选用以上词语的适当形式填空⑤Whenfacingdanger，oneshouldkeepcalm；whentakenphotos，oneshouldkeepstill；whensomeoneelseisasleep，oneshouldkeepquiet；inclass，oneshouldn’tkeepsilentabouttheteacher’squestions.[写作佳句]Asisknowntousall，itisimportanttokeepcalminanemergency.众所周知，在紧急情况下保持镇静是很重要的。charactern．性格，品质；特征，特性；(小说、戏剧中的)人物，角色；(汉)字，字体[高考佳句](2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Wewererespectfulofcraft(技艺)andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.我们尊重技艺，专注于挖掘我们要扮演的人物。考点必记(1)bein/outofcharacter与某人的性格相符/不相符(2)characteristicadj.特有的，典型的n.特征，特点Itischaracteristicofsb.todo某人会做……；……正是某人的作风(特点)(1)写出下列句中character的含义①Herhusbandwasamanofgoodcharacter，well－likedandrespectedbyhiscolleagues.品质②Attheendofthestory，themaincharacter，ayoungmanhadtoleavehiswifeandbaby.角色③NowadaysmanyforeignerslovetostudyChinesecharactersinChina.汉字④Youmustgetridofthebadhabit，becauseitcanaffectyourcharacter.性格，品质(2)介词填空⑤ItisoutofcharacterforJohntocheatintheexam.对约翰来说，在考试中作弊不合乎他的性格。[写作佳句]Expertssaygenesdeterminethecharacteristicsofeverylivingthing.专家说，基因决定每个生物的特征。[形象识记]表“人物特点”的形容词荟萃：①generous慷慨的②intelligent聪明的③devoted有献身精神的④energetic有活力的⑤ambitious有雄心壮志的⑥creative富有创造力的⑦enthusiastic充满热情的equaladj.平等的；相等的；胜任的n.(地位等)相同的人；对手；相等的事物vt.等于，比得上[高考佳句]①(2017·天津卷)Itwillputfullydriverlesscarsonanequallegalfootingtohumandrivers，hesays.(他说)它将充分地把无人驾驶的汽车与有人驾驶的汽车置于平等的法律基础之上。②(2015·安徽卷)Infact，whenitcomestotheartofwar，antshavenoequal.事实上，当谈到战争的艺术时，没有能跟蚂蚁匹敌的。考点必记(1)beequalto等于；与……相等；胜任beequalin在……方面相同/相等(2)Aequal(s)BA和B相等/平等(3)equallyadv.相等地，相同地；公开地equalityn．同等；平等(4)withoutequal/havenoequal无与伦比单句语法填空/单句改错①InChinamenandwomenaretreatedequally(equal)ineducationandemployment.在中国，男女在教育和就业方面享有平等的对待。②Noneofuscanequalher，eitherinbeautyorasadancer.不管是容貌还是在舞艺上我们都比不上她。③I’msureCatherineisequaltothenewjobthatrequirespatienceandskills.我确信凯瑟琳能胜任需要耐心和技能的这份新工作。④YaoMingisabasketballplayerwithoutequalinChina.姚明在中国是无与伦比的篮球运动员。⑤(2014·陕西卷)Menandwomenmustbetreatedequalineducationandemployment.equal改为equally在教育和就业方面，男女应该被平等对待。[写作佳句]Inmyopinion，nobodybuthimisequaltothejob，forhehasgoodskillsinit.在我看来，除了他没有谁能够胜任这份工作，因为他在这方面有着高超的技能。[形象识记]strugglevt.&vi.&n．斗争；拼搏；努力；挣扎[高考佳句](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Wefoundthatin30mphzonestheystruggledtokeepataconstantspeed.我们发现在时速30里的区域，他们努力保持恒定的速度。考点必记(1)strugglefor...为……而斗争struggleagainst/with...与……作斗争struggletodosth.挣扎着/努力/拼命地做某事struggletoone’sfeet挣扎着站起来(2)Itisastruggleforsb.todosth.对某人来说做某事很难/费力单句语法填空/完成句子/单句改错①(2014·陕西卷)WhydoAmericansstrugglewithwatchingtheirweight，whiletheFrench，whoconsumerichfood，continuetostaythin?为什么美国人努力关注自己的体重，而法国人，他们吃油腻的食物，却能继续保持苗条的身材？②IsitastruggleforLucytokeepherroomtidy?对露西来说保持她的房间整洁是很难的事情吗？③Theyhadtostruggle_for__their_livesagainstweatherandwildanimals.为了生存他们不得不与天气和野兽斗争。④Thecompanyisstrugglingfindbuyersforitsnewproduct.find前加to这家公司正努力为他们的新产品找买家。⑤Thewoundedsoldierstruggledtohisfoot，butfelltothegroundagain.foot改为feet那位受伤的士兵挣扎着站了起来，但又倒下了。[写作佳句]Despitehisterribleinjuries，hewouldn’tgiveupthestruggleforlife.他尽管身负重伤，但他仍然不会放弃求生的努力。competevi.比赛；竞争；对抗[高考佳句](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)BradfordsaidthatlargemoderntheatersinthecitymadeitimpossibleforthePlazatocompete.布雷福雷说，城里的现代化的大剧院使广场剧院根本不可能与之竞争。考点必记(1)competefor...为……而竞争competewith/against...与……竞争competein...在……方面竞争(2)competitionn．竞争，竞赛incompetitionwith与……竞争(3)competitorn．参赛者；对手(4)competitiveadj.竞争性的介词填空①Likemanyyoungathletes，shehadOlympicdreams，butaseriousillnesskeptherfromcompetingintheGames.和其他年轻的运动员一样，她也有奥运梦想，但严重的疾病使她无法参加奥运会比赛。②Weareincompetitionwithfourothercompaniesforthecontract.我们在与其他四家公司竞争这项合同。[语境助记]Astheyoungestcompetitor，Ihadtocompeteinthewritingcontestagainst20othertopstudentsfortheannualwritingaward.Imustbeverycompetitivetobethewinner.作为最年轻的比赛者，我必须和另外20个顶尖的学生在写作比赛中竞争来争夺年度写作奖。要成为获胜者我必须有很强的竞争力。[写作佳句]Hewascleverenoughtocompeteinthemathematicsscholarship.他很聪明，足以参与竞争以获得数学奖学金。promotevt.促进，提升[教材原句]Healsoraisedalotofmoneytopromotemedicalresearchintobackinjuries.他募捐了大量的钱财来促进背部伤痛的医学研究。[高考佳句](2017·浙江卷)Thegovernmentsarguethatthiswillhelpforeignersbetterjointhesocietyandpromoteunderstandingacrosscultures.政府认为这将有助于外国人更好地融入社会，促进跨文化间的相互理解。考点必记(1)promotesth.assth.把……提升为……promote...(from...)to...把……(从……)提升到……(2)promotern．发起者，赞助者promotionn．提升；提拔；晋升；促进，推销单句语法填空①ManyplacesofLondonhavebeenpromotedastouristspotsbecauseoftheLondonOlympics.由于伦敦奥运会，伦敦的许多地方已被提升为旅游景点。②Sheworkedhardandwassoonpromotedfromasaleswomantoamanager.她工作勤奋，不久就被从销售员提拔为经理了。③Milkpromotes(promote)health.牛奶可增进健康。④Iwaspromotedtoeditorandtheneditorialdirector.我先是被提升为编辑，然后又晋升为编务总监。[写作佳句]Notonlydiditgetusclosetonatureandgiveusrelaxationfromheavyschoolwork，italsopromotedthefriendshipamongus.它不仅使我们接近大自然，摆脱繁重的功课得以放松，而且还能促进我们之间的友谊。involvevt.涉及；参与[教材原句]ThisishowIgotinvolvedwithmycharityworktoimprovethequalityoflifeforalldisabledpeople.这就是我如何参与慈善活动，改善残疾人生活质量的情况。考点必记(1)be/getinvolvedin卷入；专注于involve...in...使……卷入……；使……专注于……(2)involvedoingsth.＝includedoingsth.包括做某事(3)involvementn．参与；加入；沉迷用适当的词或所给单词的适当形式填空①(2014·福建卷)Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycangainexperienceforgrowth.学生应该参与社区活动，他们能从活动中获取经验。②Atlastshefoundajobasahighschoolteacherwhichinvolvesspending(spend)quitealotoftimewithstudents.最后她找到了一份中学老师的工作，(这份工作)需要和学生长时间待在一起。③Theyweresodeeplyinvolved(involve)inthematterthattheyfoundithardtopullout.[写作佳句]SomeAmericanpeopleprotestedagainsttheUS’sinvolvementinothercountries.一些美国人反对美国插手其他国家的问题。[名师指津]involvedadj.作前置定语时，意为“复杂的”；作后置定语时，意为“涉及的”。如：aninvolvedsentence一个复杂的句子；thepeopleinvolved所涉及的人。cometodosomething开始(认识、理解)[高考佳句](2017·全国卷Ⅰ)ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.我可以肯定地说我一定是开始喜欢野营了。考点必记(1)cometo总计；(看法、主意)被某人想出cometoaconclusion/adecision/anagreement得出结论/作出决定/达成一致意见cometoanend结束cometooneself恢复常态；苏醒(2)whenitcomesto...当谈到……的时候用所给单词的适当形式填空①Whenhecametohimself(him)，hefoundhimselflyinginbed.当他苏醒过来时，他发现(自己)躺在床上。②Theydon’tacceptanyfoolishnesswhenitcomestospending(spend)money.在花钱的问题上，他们向来很谨慎。③Thebillcomesto$100.这张账单金额总计100美元。[写作佳句]Ihopetomakefriendswithyouandcometounderstandeachother.我希望与你交朋友，逐渐相互理解。pullthrough使从(受伤)中活下来；渡过难关；康复[教材原句]ThedoctorsaidIwasnotgoingtopullthrough.医生说我无法康复了。考点必记pullover向路边停靠pulldown拉下；拆毁；摧毁；推翻pullout拔掉；离开；(火车)离站pullin(to)到站；(火车)进站pullup停车；停止副词填空①Theanchorwasraisedandtheshippulledout.船起了锚，离开了海岸。②Wesoonpullupbythehouse.我们很快在那座房子前停下了车。③Wordcamethattheoldbuildingsinthisareawouldbepulleddowntobuildupanamusementpark.消息传来说这一地区的旧建筑物将被拆除来建一个游乐场。[写作佳句]Solongaswepulltogetherthere’snomountaintopwecan’tconquer.只要咱们齐心协力，就没有攀登不上的高峰。geton/along融洽相处，进展(常与with搭配)[教材原句]UnderstandinghiswifehelpsChristophergetonwellwithher.了解妻子有助于克里斯多夫与她更好地相处。考点必记getabout/round传播；流传；四处走动getalong/on(well/nicely)withsb.与某人相处得(好)getalong/on(well/nicely/smoothly)withsth.某事进展得(好/顺利)getacross讲清楚；(使)被领会getawaywith侥幸逃脱，逃避……责任/罪责getdownto开始认真做getthrough度过(艰难等)；完成；接通(电话)getover克服；控制；恢复过来单句语法填空①Yourthesiswouldn’tgetacrossifyouusedtoomanytechnicaltermsinit.如果你用了过多的专业术语，你的论文就不会被人理解。②Don’tthinkyoucangetawaywithtellinglies.不要以为你撒了谎就可以这样算了。③Didyouhavetogetthroughanentranceexamination?你必须要通过入学考试吗？④(2014·天津卷)Inaddition，everystudentcanbeinharmonywithforeignfriends，whichmakesiteasyforyoutogetalongwellwiththem.此外，每个学生与外国朋友要和睦，这使你们容易与他们相处。[写作佳句]Thevolunteersmustbe18yearsoldatleast，andwhat’smore，theyshouldgetalongwellwithothersandgetreadytostaythereforever.志愿者至少应该18周岁，另外，他们应该和别人友好相处并准备好永远待在那里。giveup放弃[高考佳句](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)HerfatherPeter,44，wantshertogiveupschooltomodelfull－time.她44岁的父亲彼得想让她放弃学业做全职模特。考点必记giveup(doing)sth.放弃/停止/戒除(做)某事giveaway赠送；分发；泄露；出卖givein屈服；让步；投降(后接to)giveoff发出(光、热、气味等)giveout分发；公布；精疲力竭；用完，耗尽单句语法填空①Ifplasticandrubberareburnt，they’llgiveoffpoisonousgases.如果塑料和橡胶被焚烧，就会放出有毒的气体。②Onwinterdays，Mr.Greenberggivesawaygloves.Duringtherestoftheyear，hebuysgloves.冬天，格林伯格先生发放手套，一年中的其他时候买手套。③Myfathercouldhardlycontainhisprideinme，andmymothereventuallygaveinbeforemysuccess.父亲为我感到十分骄傲，母亲在我的成功面前也最终做出了让步。[写作佳句]It’swell－knownthatmanypeoplestartlearningalanguageandsoongiveup.众所周知，很多人开始学习一门语言之后不久就放弃了。protestn．抗议，抗议书v．反对；抗议；申辩，坚决地表示单句语法填空①SyriagovernmentmadeastrongprotestagainsttheUSAafteritattemptedtointerfereintheinternalaffairsofSyria.②IfIhavetodoit，Ishalldoitunderprotest.③Atthemeetingoneoftheministerswalkedoutinprotest.④Wecan’tpassthismatterwithoutprotest.amazingadj.令人吃惊的；令人惊讶的用amaze的正确形式填空①Anotherinterestingexperimentshowedabird’samazing(amaze)numbersense.②TheworldwatchedLondoninamazement(amaze)．③(2017·浙江卷)Hewasamazed(amaze)atwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.④Whatamazed(amaze)himwasthatthebeebegantoperformadance.uselessadj.差劲的；无用的；无效的(1)用use短语的正确形式填空①(2017·浙江卷)Togetgoodanduseful(use)results，askthemthesamequestion.②Whendidtheumbrellacome_into_use?③Turnoffeverythingnotin_use，lights，TVs，andcomputers.(2)同义句改写④Thetechnologyisuselessifyouaren’ttrainedtooperateit.(用“beof＋n.”改写)The_technology_is_of_no_use_if_you_aren’t_trained_to_operate_it.fortunatelyadv.幸运地用fortune的正确形式填空①Don’tleavethattofortune.②CentralLondonisfortunateinhavingsomanylargeparksandopenspaces.③Iwaslate，butfortunatelythemeetinghadn’tstarted.injuryn．伤害；损害；伤口用injure的正确形式填空①Thedriverofthecarreceivedseriousinjuriestothelegsandarms.②(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.③Sheinjuredherselfwhileskating.④Abottleofacidflewintothestreets，injuring24people.confidentadj.自信的；肯定的，有把握的单句语法填空①(2017·北京卷)“Ifeelmoreconfident(confidence)inmyactionsnow，”Taylorsays.②Shehasn’tgotenoughconfidence(confident)todothejobalone.③Thegovernmentisconfide