必修5,第三单元知识点归纳

必修5,unit31.impressionn.印记；印象；感想；后接ofsb./ofsth./onsb./that从句；e.g.Myfirstimpressionofhimwasfavourable.他给我的第一印象不错。Igottheimpressionthattheywereunhappyaboutthesituation.我觉得他们不满于当时的状况。知识拓展：impressv.给……留下深刻的印象；使铭记；使感动；常用结构有：impresssth.on/uponsb./impresssb.withsth.给……留下深刻的印象；使铭记；Itimpressedmethatsherememberedmyname.令我佩服的是她记得我的名字。2．takeuptofilloruseanamountofspaceortime占用（时间）；占据（空间）tolearntoorstarttodosth开始做（某项工作）；开始从事toacceptsth.thatisofferedoravailable接受（建议或能得到的东西）e.g.Thetabletakesuptoomuchroom.这张桌子太占地儿。Theyhavetakenupgolf.他们学起打高尔夫球来了。Shetookuphisofferofadrink.他请她喝一杯，她接受了。Hetakesuphisdutiesnextweek.他下周就要开始履行职责3.constantlyadv.始终；一直；重复不断地e.g.Fashionisconstantlychanging.时尚总是日新月异。知识拓展：constantadj.连续发生的；不断的；重复的；4.previousadj.先前的；以往的；（时间上）稍前的e.g.Nopreviousexperienceisnecessaryforthisjob.这一工作无需相关的经验。Icouldn'tbelieveitwhenIheardthenews.Ihadonlyseenhimthepreviousday.听到这个消息时，我不敢相信；我就在前一天还见到过他。知识拓展：previouslyadv.先前的；早先e.g.Thebuildinghadpreviouslybeenusedasahotel.这座楼房早先曾用作旅馆。5remindv.提醒；使想起；常用结构有:remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事；remindsb.＋(that)/wh-从句提醒某人……；使某人想起……；remindsb.about/ofsth.使某人想起或意识到……；提醒某人某事e.g.I'msorry,butI'veforgottenyourname,canyouremindme?很抱歉，我记不起你的名字，你能提醒我一下吗？Youremindmeofyourfatherwhenyousaythat.你说这样的话使我想起了你的父亲。知识拓展：remindern.提醒物；引起回忆的事物6bendv.（bentbent）弯曲；使弯曲；弯腰；弯身；常用搭配有:bendone'smind/effortstosth.致力于某事；bendsb.tosth.迫使；说服bendthetruth歪曲事实e.g.It'shardtobendanironbar.把铁棒弄弯很不容易。Shebentherheadandkissedherdaughter.她低下头吻了她的女儿。7pressv.压；按；推；挤；坚持；敦促n.报章杂志，新闻工作者，新闻界Shepressedahandkerchieftohisnose.她用手绢捂住鼻子。Shepresseddownhardonthegaspedal.她用力踩下油门踏板。Heisstillpressingherclaimforcompensation.他仍坚持索赔。Thepresswas/werenotallowedtoattendthetrial.庭审谢绝新闻采访。8switchn.&v.用作名词表示“开关；转换”。用作动词表示“转换”。e.g.Shemadetheswitchfromfull-timetopart-timeworkwhenherfirstchildwasborn.第一个孩子出生后，她就由全日工作改为非全日工作。Pressthesetwokeystoswitchbetweendocumentsonscreen.按这两个键就可以在屏幕上的文件之间进行切换。Ican'tworknextweek,willyouswitchwithme?下个周末我不能上班，咱俩换个班好不好？9lackn.&v.用作名词，表示：“缺乏；短缺”；用作动词，表示：“缺乏；短缺；没有；不足”。e.g.alackoffood/money/skills缺乏食物/金钱/技能Thetripwascancelledthroughlackofinterest.因为缺乏兴趣这次旅行被取消了。Helacksconfidence.他缺乏信心。知识拓展：lackingadj.缺乏；没有；匮乏；不足10surroundingsn.[pl.]环境；surroundv.围绕；环绕surroundingadj.周围的；附近的e.g.Everyonelikestoworkinpleasantsurroundings.人人都喜欢在愉快的环境中工作。启发学生思考问题，哪些单词用作名词时常用复数形式11.catch/gain/getsightof发现，看出losesightof看不见,忘记loseone'ssight失明atfirstsight一见就；乍看起来at(the)sightof一看见就……Atthesightoftheteacher,theboyranaway.beinsight看得见，在眼前Theislandisstillinsight.outofsight看不见Outofsight,outofmind.12.sweepup打扫；清扫；横扫；涌向；快速地抱起e.g.Hesweptupthebabyupintohisarms.他一把将孩子抱进怀里。课文句型知识点：1Thelastonethousandyears在过去一千年时间里inthelast/past+时间表示在过去多长时间里,与之连用的时态用现在完成时态Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourhometowninthelasttenyears.2.Whatchangesdoyouexpecttoseeinyourlifeinonethousandyears’time.

一千年之后你料想会发生什么变化。Expect(sb.)todosth.希望(某人)做某事Iexpecttobebackwithinaweek.Ididn’texpecthimtostaysolong.hopetodosomething希望做某事Joan’shopingtostudylawatHarvard.wishwishtodosomething希望做某事Iwishtomakeacomplaint.wishsomebodysomething希望某人…Wewishthemeveryhappinessintheirnewhome.3.Worriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.

我很担心这次旅行,所以头几天心里总是不踏实。worriedaboutthejourney为过去分词作状语,在此处作原因状语。worriedadj.焦虑的烦恼的担忧的;worrisomeadj.使人烦恼的,焦虑的4,Asaresult,Isufferedfrom“timelag”.结果我得了时间滞后症。asaresult(of):作为……的结果,由于Itsnowed,asaresult,shewaslate.天下雪,因此她迟到了。resultfrom起因于……resultin导致某事,造成某事(=leadto)5.sufferfrom:toexperience(somethingunpleasant,suchasanillness),especiallyoveralongperiodoftimeorhabitually患有(疾病等);为……所苦,因……而吃苦头。

Shesuffersfromheadache.她患头痛病。辨析:suffer与sufferfromsuffer意为遭受苦痛,损失,忍受侮辱等,其宾语为pain,lose,grief,insult,punishment,wrong,hardship,injustice,discouragement,disappointment,setback,sufferfrom遭受战争,自然灾害带来的苦难及患病之意。sufferfromthewar/theflood/aheadache…遭受战争,洪水之苦/患头病；

suffer(from)coldandhunger遭受寒冷和饥饿(派)sufferingn.痛苦,苦恼;劳苦,困难6.Thisissimilartothe“jetlag”yougetfromflying,butitseemsyoukeepgettingflashbacksfromyourprevioustimeperiod.这种病有些像乘喷气式飞机高速飞行时所引起的时差反应那样，所不同的是,它意味着你的脑海里不停地从以前的时间段一直往回闪去。1)keepdoingsth.继续做某事Itkeptrainingforaweek.接连下了一星期雨。辨析:keepdoingsth.与keepondoingsth.这两个短语都表示每隔一段时间就发生的动作,这时可互换;keepdoingsth.强调动作的连续性和客观性,而keepondoingsth.强调动作的重复性或动作执行者的决心,常含有一定的感情色彩;keepawayfrom不接近;避开keepback留在后面,不上前;隐瞒keepoff不接近,挡住keepout(of)使在外keepup跟上;赶上;保持keepupwith跟上;不落人之后2)flashback倒叙Theeventsinhishappyfamilylifewereshowninflashback.他幸福的家庭生活是用倒叙法来表现的。7Atfirstmynewsurroundingsweredifficulttotolerate.开始的时候，新的环境让我难以忍受。1）surroundingadj.insurroundingareasurroundingsn.只用复数surroundings–影响生活质素的,某地\人身边的一切事物Thehouseissituatedinverypleasantsurroundings.environment—人们所在的影响其感觉及发展的物质、社会环境;自然环境newlawstopreventthepollutionoftheenvironment2）tolerate容忍；忍受Wesimplycannottoleratecheatinginexams.我们就是不能容许考试作弊行为。Icannottolerateherrudeness.我不能容忍她的粗鲁无礼。8.Hitbyalackoffreshair,myheadached.由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。过去分词hit在句中作状语，表示与主句中动作伴随发生的状况hit:tohaveabadeffecton…对……有不良的影响Howwillthenewlawhittheunemployed?

新颁布的法令将使失业者遭受什么样的打击？辨析:beat,hit与strikebeat指连续地打;hit侧重指“击中”,有时也指“打一下”;strike常指“猛地一击”。“敲锣”要用strike;“打鼓”要用beat;“敲门”要用knock;“钟敲几点”要用strike;比喻意思的“打击”要用give(deal)ablowtosb.9acheHehasanacheinhisback.Hisbackaches/isaching.Mybodywasallachesandpains.Mybodyachedallover.cureanache治好疼痛feelaches感到疼sufferfromanache遭受疼痛10.Ifeltbetterinnotime.我立刻感到舒服多了。inontime:veryquickly立刻;马上Theywillbebackinnotime.他们马上就会回来。allthetime一直,始终atatime依次,逐一,每次atalltimes无论何时,一直atonetime从前attimes有时behindthetimes过时的,落伍的forthetimebeing暂且,眼下fromtimetotime不时,偶尔,间或ingoodtime及时地，迅速地notimetolose刻不容缓ontime按时11.ThenWangPingflashedaswitchonacomputerscreen,andatableandsomechairsrosefromunderthefloorasifbymagic.[点拨]此句是由and连接的两个并列分句。前一个分句的谓语是appeared和flashed，后一个分句的谓语是rose。这里要注意的是flash这个动词在此句中是及物动词，表示“（使）闪现”。fromunder是两个介词重叠使用，表示“从下面”。如：“Nowit’sOK,”saidthemechanicashecrawledoutfromunderthecar.“修好了，”那修理工从车底下爬出来说道。[仿写]Ifoundmypenfromundertheexercisebook.我从练习册下面找到了我的钢笔。12.transportn.运送/输；交通工具v.运送/输transportfrom…to…从…输送到…Thetransportofvegetablesfromthefarmtothemarkettakesonlyhalfanhour.Theyellowbustransportspassengersfromtheairporttothecity.13.byhomeorbysimplevehiclesuchasacarriagevehiclen.amachineusuallywithwheelsandanenginewhichisusedfortransportingpeopleorgoodsonland,particularlyonroads.为陆地交通工具的总称。Roadvehiclesincludecars,busesandtrucks.Tractorsarefarmvehicles.14.1.facevt.面对,面向vi.向,朝Hedidn’tloseheartfacingthedifficulty.Thefaceof面对;纵然;即使facetoface面对面befacedwith面临,面对makeaface/faces做鬼脸tosb’sface当着某人的面facemask面具faceupto勇敢地对付(敌人、困难)等15.Thesixofuswerecalledtothecapsuletogetherandclimbedinthroughtheroundopening.1)thesixofus我们六个人ThesixofuswenttoJinan.sixofus我们中的六个人SixofuswenttoJinan.2)openingn.通路，口子；空缺；开放/始幕adj.第一次的，开头的，开始的，开幕的Therewasanopeninginthewall.Manypeopleattendedtheopeningofthenewmuseum.Hisopeningremarksareveryattractive.16.Confusedbythenewsurroundings,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.1)confusedbythenewsurroundings=becauseIwasconfusedbythenewsurroundings过去分词短语作状语，表示与主句动作伴随发生的状况。Deeplymovedbythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.confusevt.使混乱，搞乱；迷惑，弄糊涂Thequestionconfusedusall.17.Theairseemedthinasthoughitscombinationofgaseshadlittleoxygenleft.asthough/if好像,似乎Shelovesthebabyasifshewereitsmother.Helookedasifhehadknowntheanswer.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.Heactsasifachild.Hestoodthere,asifcrying.Heopenedhismouthasiftospeak.归纳：asthough/ifconj.后可跟从句、形容词、名词、分词、不定式。引导从句时，通常用虚拟语气，表示与事实不符或相反的情况。如果表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用did或were，如与过去事实相反，则用过去完成时态。asthough/if从句中的情况若有可能发生，用陈述语气。Ex.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_____.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken18left留下，剩下相当于一个形容词，放在被修饰的名词或anything,nothing,nobody之后，经常用在therebe结构中。Ihaven’tgotanymoneyleft.Therearetwoeggsleft,ifyou’rehungry.There’snothingleftinthefridge.left/remainingHeboughtabookwiththe__________money.Ihave