高考英语阅读理解一轮练(含解析)4

2019年高考英语阅读理解一轮练（4）李仕才AWithautumnonthehorizon,theseason

’sfirstOscarcompetitorsarehere.Already,

theHollywoodReporterhaspredictedthattheoften-snubbed(

冷淡的)LeonardoDiCapriocouldwin.Althoughbeforewegetsweptupinpredictions,itnicetorememberthatlittlegoldmenarenotthereasonwelovethemovies.They

’sshouldn’tbetheprimaryreasonforactinginthemeither.BillMurrayknowsthisfirsthand.Murraywaspositionedtowinhisfirst-everOscarAcademyAwardfor2004’s“LostinTranslation”,buthelostittoSeanPenn.Yearslater,Murrayexplainedhowhetookthedefeatinstride(冷静应付),andhiswordsshouldactasablueprintforanyonewhohasfailed:“Iwentthroughitoncebeforeandit’snicetogetnominatedandwinsomeprizes.Yougettogotodinnersandtelllittlestoriesandsoforth.Thenyougettogetdressedup.AndthenyougettobeonTV,whichissweet.Andyoucaneitherwinorlose.Wellyou’renotsupposedtosay‘lose’whenyoutalkabouttheOscar.Youaresupposedtosay‘notchosen’.ButIlaterrealizedthatIhadgottenalittlecaughtupinthepossibilityofwinning.So,shameonmyselfforgettingcaughtin’tseemunnaturaltoexpectthatIwouldberewardedjustonemoretime.Sowhenitdidn’thappen,Ithought,‘Well,that’skindoffunny.’Buttogetprizesisnotwhyyouwork.”Murrayisn’taloneinthosefeelings.NomentionofactorswithoutOscarswouldbecompletewithoutrecognitionofLeonardoDiCaprio,whosaid,“Idon’tthinkIeverexpectedanythinglikeanOscarever,totellyouthetruth.ThatisnotmymotivationwhenIdotheseroles.IreallyammotivatedbybeingabletoworkwithgreatpeopleandcreateabodyofworkthatIcanlookbackandbeproudof.”PerhapsneitherMurraynorDiCapriowilleverbeintroducedasanAcademyAward-winningactor,butwinninganOscarforactingshouldn’tbethepoint.HerearesomeotheramazingactorswhoneverwonanOscar,evenifyouthinktheydid:JulianneMoore,BradPitt,JohnnyDepp,TomCruise,HarrisonFord,WillSmith.Andtheyhaveprovedthatcountlesstimesbefore.1.WecanlearnaboutBillMurrayfromthepassagethat_________.A.hefeltashamedthathedidn’twintheOscar.B.heneverexpectedhimselftowintheOscar.C.hehadalreadywonmanyotherawardsbeforehefailedinOscar.D.heisthefirstactorwhohadbeenpredictedtowintheOscarbutfailed.2.LeonardDiCaprioismotivatedtoactdifferentrolesbecause_________A.hewantstowintheOscar.B.hecancooperatewithgreatpeople.C.hewantsotherstotakeprideinhim.D.heisnottheonlyactorwhohasn’twontheOscar.3.Theunderlinedword“that”inthelastparagraphrefersto“_________”.A.NeitherMurraynorDiCapriowillwonanOscar.B.WinninganOscarforactingshouldn’tbethepoint.C.SomeamazingactorshaveneverwonanOscar.D.YouthinkthatsomeactorsshouldhavewonanOscar.4.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetoLeonardo’sideaonwinninganOscar?A.Approving.B.CriticalC.Indifferent.D.Neutral.【文章粗心】本文主要介绍了落第奥斯卡奖的比尔默里和莱昂纳多对奥斯卡奖的见解。1.C【分析】细节理解题。依据第三段中的“ButIwonalotoftheprizesforLostinTranslation.”可知，在落第奥斯卡以前，比尔默里已经博得了好多其余奖项。3.B【分析】词义猜想题。依据画线词前的“butwinninganOscarforactingshouldn’tbethepoint.”可知，此处的that指代的就是winninganOscarforactingshouldn’tbethepoint。224.A【分析】看法态度题。依据最后一段中的“PerhapsneitherMurraynorDiCapriowilleverbeintroducedasanAcademyAward-winningactor,butwinninganOscarforactingshouldn’tbethepoint.”可知，作者对莱昂纳多对于博得奥斯卡的态度是支持的。B(2015·成都第二次诊疗)TheChildren’sBook-showCompetitionisachanceforyoungreaderstobewriters.Reading，itseems，iscomingbackintofashion，ifasurveybythefamousNationalLiteracyTrust(theNLT)istrue.Itshowsthatthepercentageofchildrenwhoadmitenjoyingreadinghasgrownforthefirsttimeinthepast8years.Soit’sagoodtimetolaunchacompetitionthatincludesashedloadofnewbooksforschoolsasprizes.TheChildren’sBook-showCompetition，backedbyTheIndependent，istakingtotheroadsagainfromthestartofnextterm，withanationwidetourof15bigcities，featuringalineupofadozenchildren’swritersandillustrators(插图画家)aimingtopersuadepupilstofollowtheirfootsteps.Thecompetition，launchedbythechildren’swriterandillustratorJessicaSouhami，hastwocategories:theunder-nine’sandnineto13-year-olds.Childrenareaskedtochoosetheirfavoritefairyorfolktaleandsetitinanextraordinaryplace.Thentheyaretoretellitwiththeaidofdrawingsandwritings—whetheritissetatsea，onadistantplanet，inthefutureorinthepast.Theclosingdateforthecompetitionis30November.“Tellyourtaleinpicturesandinwords，”saytheorganizersofthecompetition.“Itcanbeinapicturebookorcomicbookformat.”Thewinnerofeachcompetitionwillreceiveasignedcopyofabookbyeachofthe12authorsinvolvedinthisyear’stour，plus￡150worthofbooksfortheir3school.Therunners-upwillreceiveasignedcopyofSouhami’snewbook.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了念书竞赛的倡始、年纪规定以及奖赏方法。1．WhatcanweknowabouttheBook-showCompetition?A．ItwillbeheldbythefamousNLT.B．Itwillbeheldindifferentcities.C．Ithasneverbeenorganizedbefore.D．Childrenofallageswilljoininit.分析：选B。细节理解题。依据第三段第二句中的“TheChildren’sBook-showCompetition，backedbyTheIndependent，istakingtotheroadsagainfromthestartofnextterm，withanationwidetourof15bigcities，”可知，念书竞赛将在不一样的城市举行。故答案选B。2．Theunderlinedword“backed”inParagraph3means________.A．Started.B．Promoted.C．Supported.D．Reported.分析：选C。词义猜想题。start意为“开始”；promote意为“提高”；support意为“支持”；report意为“报告”。依据画线词前的“it’sagoodtimetolaunchacompetition”可推知，此次竞赛获得了TheIndependent的支持。back意为“支持”。故答案选C。3．Whatwillbeofferedasaprizetoschools?A．Picturesandcomicbooks.B．Booksworth￡150inall.C．Bookssignedby12authors.D．JessicaSouhami’snewbooks.分析：选B。细节理解题。依据最后一段第一句“Thewinnerofeachcompetitionwillreceiveasignedcopyofabookbyeachofthe12authorsinvolvedinthisyear’stour，plus￡150worthofbooksfortheirschool.”可知，给获奖者学校的奖赏是价值150英镑的书本。故答案选B。444．Theauthor’spurposeofwritingthispassageisto________.A．encourageyoungreaderstobecomewritersB．persuadeallchildrentojoininthecompetitionC．promotechildren’sbooksbyfamouswritersD．introduceabook-showcompetitiontochildren分析：选D。写作企图题。纵观全文可知，作者写这篇文章旨在向孩子们介绍一个念书比赛。故答案选D。CLifecanbesowonderful，fullofadventureandjoy.Itcanalsobefullofchallenges，setbacks(挫折)andheartbreaks.Whateverourcircumstances，wegenerallystillhavedreams，hopesanddesires—thatlittlesomethingmorewewantforourselvesandourlovedones.Yetknowingwecanhavemorecanalsocreateaproblem，becausewhenwegotochangethewaywedothings，upcometheoldpatternsandpitfalls(圈套)thatstoppedusfromseekingwhatwewantedinthefirstplace.Thistensionbetweenwhatwefeelwecanhaveandwhatwe'reseeminglyabletohaveistheniggling(恼人的)suffering，theanxietywefeel.Thisiswhereweusuallythinkit'seasiertojustgiveup.Butwe'renevermeanttoletgoofthepartofusthatknowswecanhavemore.Theintelligencebehindthatknowingisus—therealus.It'sthepartthatbelievesinlifeanditspossibilities.Ifyoudropthat，youbegintofeelalittle“dead”insidebecauseyou'redropping“you”．So，ifwehavethiscapabilitybutsomehowlifeseemstokeepusstuck，howdowebreakthesepatterns?Decideonanewcourseandmakeonedecisionatatime.Thisisgoodadviceforanewadventureorjustgettingthroughtoday'schallenges.While，deepdown，weknowwecandoit，ourmind—orthemindsofthoseclosetous—usuallysayswecan't.Thatisn'tareasontostop;it'sjustthemind，thatlittlemanorwomanonyourshoulder，tryingtotalkyououtofsomethingagain.Ithasdoneitmanytimesbefore.It'sallaboutstartingsimpleanddoingitnow.Decideandactbeforeoverthinking.Whenyoudothisyoumayfeelalittle，orlarge，release_from_the_jail_of_your_mindandyou'llbeonyourway.文章粗心：本文是一篇说明文，作者介绍了在我们想要放弃的时候改变这类模式的一种方法就5是从头选择目标并且快速做出决定。1．Itcanbeinferredfromthefirsttwoparagraphsthatweshould________.A．slowdownandliveasimplelifeB．becarefulwhenwechoosetochangeC．sticktoourdreamsunderanycircumstancesD．becontentwithwhatwealreadyhave答案：C细节理解题。文章第一段第三句Whateverourcircumstances，wegenerallystillhavedreams，hopesanddesires说不论在什么状况下，我们仍旧有着梦想、希望和欲念。以及第二段最后一句Ifyoudropthat，youbegintofeelalittle“dead”insidebecauseyou'redropping“you”．假如你放弃了，你的心里会变得了无活力，由于你放下了你自己。应选C。2．Whatisthekeytobreakingtheoldpatterns?A．Tofocusoneverydetail.B．Todecideandtakeimmediateaction.C．Tolistentothoseclosetous.D．Tothinktwicebeforeweact.答案：B细节理解题。依据倒数第三段第一句Decideonanewcourseandmakeonedecisionatatime.能够知道为了打破旧格局需要决定一个新目标并且马上做出决定。应选B。3．Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedpartinthelastparagraph?A．Escapefromyourpunishment.B．Realizationofyourdreams.C．Freedomfromyourtension.D．Reductionofyourexpectations.答案：C推理判断题。依据画线句子可知其本义是逃出你心里的牢笼。联合上文中在过多思考以前快速决定和行动能够推断这个画线句子是指要从过多考虑的忧虑中解放自己。应选C。4．Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A．It'seasierthanwethinktogetwhatwewant.B．It'simportanttolearntoacceptsufferingsinlife.C．It'simpracticaltochangeourwayofthinking.D．It'sharderthanweexpecttofollowanewcourse.答案：A写作企图题。从全文来看，作者主假如想要重申坚决的行动而不是幻想来实现自己的梦想和欲念，比起想要成功，行动更为简单。应选A。D66(2016·四川成都高三联考)Studentswishingtosafeguardtheircareersagainstchangesinthejobmarketshouldoptforscienceratherthanartsdegrees，accordingtoasurveyofundergraduates.Engineeringandchemistrywereconsideredtobethemost“futureproof”，astheyarecoursesmostlikelytoleadtoanenduringandadaptablecareer.StudentspolledbyPearsonCollegewerebroadlyoptimisticthattheirchosencourseswouldpreparethemforaworldinwhichthejobmarketcouldchangedramaticallyduringtheirworkinglives.Butopinionwassharplydividedoverwhichdegreeswerebestforfuture-proofcareers.Eighty-twopercentofrespondentsbelievedengineeringwouldhelpdevelopfuture-proofskills，with74percentbelievingthesameofchemistryand73percentofcomputerscience.Butjust33percentofundergraduatesbelievedhistorywouldleadtoafuture-proofcareer，and40percentEnglish.Howevermorethantwothirdsofstudents(67percent)thoughttheworldofworkwouldbesignificantlydifferentorcompletelyunrecognizablein20years.Thefindings，publishedtoday，comeafterEducationSecretaryNickyMorgansparkedcontroversywithclaimsthatteenagersshouldsteerclearoftheartsandhumanitiesandoptforscienceormathssubjectsiftheywanttoaccessthewidestrangeofjobs.Shesaidthatinpreviousdecadesstudentswouldonlytakemathsorscienceiftheywantedtopursueaspecificcareersuchasmedicineorpharmacy，butnowadaysthat“couldn’t_be_further_from_the_truth”．“Ifyouwantedtodosomethingdifferent，orevenifyoudidn’tknowwhatyouwantedtodo...thentheartsandhumanitieswerewhatyouchose.Becausetheywere7useful—weweretold—forallkindsofjobs.Ofcoursenowweknowthatcouldn’tbefurtherfromthetruth，thatthesubjectsthatkeepyoungpeople’soptionsopenandunlockdoorstoallsortsofcareersaretheSTEM(science，technology，engineeringandmaths)subjects.”Shealsodescribedmathsas“thesubjectthatemployersvaluemost”andsaidthatpupilswhostudyA-levelmathswillearn10percentmoreovertheirlifetime.“Thesefiguresshowusthattoomanyyoungpeoplearemakingchoicesaged15whichwillholdthembackfortherestoftheirlives.”shesaid.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了课程的选择对学生们将来的发展状况的影响。1．Inordertoguaranteeyourfuturejob，whichkindofcourseswillyouchooseaccordingtothesurvey?A．EngineeringorEnglish.B．HistoryorMaths.C．MathsorArt.D．EngineeringorChemistry.分析：选D。细节理解题。依据第二段“Engineeringandchemistrywereconsideredtobethemost“futureproof”，astheyarecoursesmostlikelytoleadtoanenduringandadaptablecareer.”可知，工程学和化学被以为是最有远景的学科，由于它们能够让人找到长久的、适应性强的职业。所以要想将来工作有保证，应选择工程学或化学。应选D项。2．What’sthestudents’attitudetowardstheirchosencourses?A．Doubtful.B．Worried.C．Optimistic.D．Objective.分析：选C。细节理解题。依据第三段“StudentspolledbyPearsonCollegewerebroadlyoptimisticthattheirchosencourses...”可知，学生对所选择的课程持乐观态度。应选C项。883．Howdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedwords?A．Itisfarawayfromthetruth.B．It’stothetruth.C．Itcouldn’tbeclosertothetruth.D．Itreflectsthetruth.分析：选A。句意猜想题。依据画线部分前的“Shesaidthatinpreviousdecadesstudentswouldonlytakemathsorscienceiftheywantedtopursueaspecificcareersuchasmedicineorpharmacy...”并联合画线部分前的转折连词实时间状语“butnowadays”可推知，此句表示，假如你想把医学或药剂学作为特定的职业，在前10年你只要选择数学和自然科学这两门课就够了，可是此刻只是选择这两门课是远远不够的。所以，画线部分的意思是“此刻这是很不切合实质状况的”。应选A项。4．WhatdidNickyMorganindicateinherclaim?A．Ifyouwanttodosomedifferent，theartsandhumanitiesarewhatyouchoosenow.B．STEMsubjectscanmakeyoungpeoplechoosetheirfuturejobsfreely.C．Atcollege，youngpeopleshouldmakechoicesfortheirlives.D．Mathsandscienceareconsideredtobethesubjectsthatemployersvaluemost.分析：选B。推理判断题。依据倒数第三段最后一句“...thesubjectsthatkeepyoungpeople’soptionsopenandunlockdoorstoallsortsofcareersaretheSTEM(science，technology，engineeringandmaths)subjects.”可知，STEM课程为学生能够自由选择各种职业供给了可能。应选B项。E9Ifyouthinkthatrunningmarathonswillhelpyoulivealongandhealthylife,newresearchmaycomeasashock.Accordingtoarecentscientificstudy,peoplewhodoaverystrenuousworkoutareaslikelytodieaspeoplewhodonoexerciseatall.ScientistsinDenmarkhavebeenstudyingover1,000joggersandnon-joggersfor12years.Thedeathratesfromthesamplegroupindicatethatpeoplewhojogatamoderatepacetwoorthreetimesaweekforlessthantwoandahalfhoursintotalareleastlikelytodie.Thebestspeedtojogatwasfoundtobeabout5milesperhour.Theresearchsuggeststhatpeoplewhojogmorethanthreetimesaweekorathigherspeedsofover7mphdieatthesamerateasnon-joggers.Thescientiststhinkthatthisisbecausestrenuousexercisecausesstructuralchangestotheheartandarteries(动脉).Overtime,thiscancauseseriousinjuries.PeterSchnohr,aresearcherinCopenhagen,said,“Ifyourgoalistodecreaseriskofdeathandimprovelifeexpectancy,joggingafewtim