2019版高考英语一轮复习第一部分教材复习题组提分练14Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars新人

题组提分练14Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars限时35分钟加黑体小题训练推测判断题之写作企图题阅读理解A(原创)体裁：说明文话题：世界与环境难度：★★★☆☆Scientistsrecentlyannouncedthediscoveryofasmall,bird-likedinosaurfromChinawhichhadunusual,colorfulfeathers.ThescientistsnamedthecolorfuldinosaurCaihong,whichlived161millionyearsagoduringtheJurassicPeriodofearth'shistory,theMandarinwordforrainbow.TheydiscoveredthenearlycompleteandalmostentirelyundamagedfossilinHebeiProvince.(第一段中的重点词discovery是答题线索)(第一句说明羽毛的形状和颜色)Microscopicstructuresinthefossilsuggestthatthecreaturehadwide,shinyfeathers,mostlycoveringthedinosaur'sheadandupperbody,whilemuchofitsbodyhaddarkfeathers.ChadEliasonisanevolutionarybiologistwiththeFieldMuseuminChicago,Illinois.HehelpedwritethestudyannouncingthediscoveryinthescientificpublicationNatureCommunications.EliasontoldtheReutersnewsservicethatthediscovery“suggestsamorecolorfulJurassicWorldthanwepreviouslyimagined.”Thescientistsusedpowerfulmicroscopestoidentifytheremainsofthecellstructuresresponsiblefortheapparentcolorofthefeathers.Theshapeofthosestructuresappearstohaveinfluencedwhatcolorthefeatherswouldhave.Round-shapedstructuresintheCaihongfossilshowthatithadfeatherssimilartothatofamodern-dayhummingbird.Thedinosaurhadmanybird-likequalities.Butresearchersdoubtifitcouldactuallyfly.Itsfeatherscouldhaveservedthepurposeofgainingtheattentionofsexualpartnerswhilealsoprovidingprotectionfromheatandcold.Caihongwastwo-leggedandhadalong,narrowheadwithsharpteeth.Ithadboneycrestsaboveitseyes,andithuntedothersmalleranimalsforfood.Scientistssaymanydinosaurshadfeathers.BirdsevolvedfromsmallfeathereddinosaursneartheendoftheJurassicPeriod.Caihonghadtwokindsoffeathers,andwastheearliest-knowncreaturewithfeathersthatdidnothavethesameshapeonbothsides.Thisisaphysicalqualitythatmodernbirdshaveandusetodirectthemselveswhileflying.TheunevenlyshapedfeathersonCaihongwereonitstail.Thissuggeststhattailfeathers,notarmfeathers,werefirstusedtoimprovemovementthroughtheairinflyingdinosaurs,scientistssaid.【语篇解读】文章介绍了彩色恐龙“彩虹”化石的发现及科学家们对其羽毛的研究。1．Thepurposeofthepassageisto________.A.encouragefurtherresearchB.introducealatestdiscoveryC.describeauniqueanimalD.providesomeevidence答案与分析B写作企图题。文章介绍彩色恐龙“彩虹”化石的发现及科学家们对其羽毛的研究，故文章的目的是介绍一个最新的发现。2．Thecolorfulfeathersofthedinosaur________.A.haddifferentshapesB.helpedithuntanimalsC.couldhelpitflyintheskyD.coveredmuchofitsbody答案与分析A细节理解题。依据文章对恐龙“彩虹”羽毛的介绍可知他的彩色羽毛覆盖了头部和上身，而身体大多数是暗色羽毛。依据倒数第二段中的“didnothavethesameshapeonbothsides”可知，羽毛的形状不一样，故A项正确。3．WhatistheattitudeofChadEliasontothediscovery?A.Indifferent.B.Doubtful.C.Cautious.D.Positive.答案与分析D看法态度题。依据第二段中的“suggestsamorecolorfulJurassicWorldthanwepreviouslyimagined”可知，他对这个发现所持的态度是踊跃一定的。阅读理解B(原创)体裁：说明文话题：社会难度：★★☆☆☆ThetraditionalChineselunarcalendardividestheyearinto24solarterms.WinterSolstice(冬至),the22ndsolartermoftheyear,beginsthisyearonDec.22andendsonJan.5.OnthefirstdayofWinterSolstice,theNorthernHemisphereexperiencestheshortestdayandthelongestnightintheyear,asthesunshinesdirectlyattheTropicofCapricorn.Fromthenon,thedaysbecomelongerandthenightsbecomeshorter.TheWinterSolsticealsomarksthearrivalofthecoldestseasonintheyear.2TherewasasayingthatwentinancientChina,“TheWinterSolsticeisassignificantastheSpringFestival.”AsearlyastheZhouDynasty(c.11thcentury—256BC),peoplecelebratedthefirstdayoftheWinterSolstice,whichwasalsothefirstdayofthenewyear.TheWinterSolsticebecameawinterfestivalduringtheHanDynasty(206BC—220AD).Thecelebratoryactivitieswereofficiallyorganized.Onthisday,bothofficialsandordinarypeoplewouldhavearest.Duringsubsequent(随后的)dynasties,suchastheTang(618-907),Song(960-1279)andQingdynasties(1644-1911),theWinterSolsticewasadaytooffersacrificestoHeavenandtoancestors.DuringWinterSolsticeinNorthChina,eatingdumplingsisessentialtothefestival.Thereisasayingthatgoes“HavedumplingsonthefirstdayofWinterSolsticeandnoodlesonthefirstdayofSummerSolstice.”PeopleinSuzhou,JiangsuProvince,areaccustomedtoeatingwontons(馄饨)inmidwinter.Accordingtoalegend,duringthemidwinterfeast2,500yearsago,theKingofWuwastiredofallcostlyfoodsandwantedtoeatsomethingdifferent.Then,thebeautyXishimade“wontons”fortheking.Heatealotandlikedthefoodverymuch.InmemoryofXishi,thepeopleofSuzhoumadewontonstheofficialfoodtocelebratethefestival.DuringtheWinterSolstice,Hangzhouresidentstraditionallyeatricecakes.InplacessuchasShanghai,peopleeattangyuan,akindofstuffedsmalldumplingballmadeofglutinousriceflourtocelebrateWinterSolstice.【语篇解读】早在周代(公元前11世纪—公元前256年)的时候，人们会在冬至第一天祭神，当时冬至也是新年的第一天。在汉朝(公元前206年—公元220年)的时候冬至成了一个冬节。冬至的第一天，北方人吃饺子，苏州人吃馄饨，上海人吃汤圆而杭州人吃年糕。4．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.ThefirstdayoftheWinterSolsticeisalsothefirstdayofthenewyear.B.TheWinterSolsticebecameawinterfestivalduringtheTangDynasty.C.TheWinterSolsticemarksthecomingofthecoldestseasonintheyear.D.TheWinterSolsticeisthelastsolartermoftheyear.答案与分析C正误判断题。依据第二段最后一句话“冬至也标记着一年中间最冷季节的到来。”可知选项C正确。5．WhichofthefoodiseatenonthefirstdayoftheWinterSolsticeinmemoryofXishi?A.Dumplings.B.Ricecakes.C.Tangyuan.D.Wontons.3答案与分析D细节理解题。依据第四段最后一句可知苏州人在冬至的第一天吃馄饨是为了纪念西施，应选项D正确。6．Thepassageiswrittento________.A.showhowtocelebratetheWinterSolsticeB.explainthemeaningoftheWinterSolsticeC.introducesomethingabouttheWinterSolsticeD.sharehisopinionsabouttheWinterSolstice答案与分析C写作企图题。文章介绍了冬至的庆贺活动和人们在冬至的第一天所吃的传统食品，故文章目的在于介绍与冬至相关的事情，应选项C正确。词汇微存①inmemoryof纪念；②significantadj.重要的阅读理解C(2018·邢台质检)体裁：夹叙夹议文话题：社会难度：★★★☆☆Notlongago,Itriedconvincingmythreedaughtersthattheworld'ssecretsnothing?Sittingthereatthedinnertable,Isuddenlyrememberedtheircuriosityaschildren,theirwonderingaboutwhatmightbehiddenbehindadoorandtheiramazementastheystaredatalightswitchandaskedmeto“openthelight”.Butnowtheyare13,16and19andwonderlessandless.Iftheystillwonderatanything，theyquicklypullouttheirsmartphonestofindtheanswer.Noneofthemhaveanyinterestindiscussingwithme.Toattracttheirattention,ItoldthemabouttwofriendsofminewhohaddecidedtoclimbMountQomolangma.Earlyonemorningtheyleftbasecamptoclimbthesouth-westwallofthemountain.Itwasgoingwell.Bothreachedthesummit,butthencamethestorm.Theysoonrealizedtheywouldnotmakeitdownalive.Thefirstgotholdofhispregnantwifebysatellitephone.Togethertheydecidedonthenameofthechildthatshewasnotabletocontactanyonebeforehedied.Nooneknowsexactlywhathappenedonthemountaininthosehours.Thankstothedry,coolclimate8kmabovesealevel,theyhavebothbeenfreeze-dried.Theyliethereinsilence,lookingnodifferent.Thegirlsremainedquiet,listening.Itseemedasthoughtheyhadgotsomething.4Itiseasytoassumethattheessence(实质)oftechnologyistechnologyitself,butthatiswrong.Theessenceisthetimewespendwithourfamilyandhowmuchfreedomwehavebytechnology.(点明科技的实质，第8和第11题答题线索)【语篇解读】科技带给我们的是什么？作者经过叙述自己和女儿的故事说明科技的本质是我们和家人共度的光阴和自由。7．What'stherealpurposeoftheauthortellingthestory?A.Toentertainthegirls.B.Toattractthegirls'attentiontotechnology.C.Toencouragethegirlstoexploretheworld'ssecret.D.Toshareaviewpointabouttheessenceoftechnology.答案与分析D写作企图题。文章第一段提出科学的本责问题，最后一段说明科技的实质所在，故作者是经过一个故事表达自己对科技的见解。应选项D正确。8．Whyarethegirlsunwillingtodiscussproblemswiththeauthorwhentheyarepuzzled?A.Becausetheydon'twanttosolvethem.B.Becausetheycanturntothesmartphone.C.Becausetheyfeelashamedfortheirproblems.D.Becausetheythinkitdifficulttotalkwithothers.答案与分析B推理判断题。依据第二段的第三和第四句可知孩子不肯意和作者谈论的原由是他们能够求援手机查问他们不理解的事情。9．Howwouldtheauthorthinkoftheoutcomeofthestorytelling?A.It'seffective.B.It'sunacceptable.C.It'sembarrassing.D.It'sdiscouraging.答案与分析A看法态度题。依据倒数第二段第二句话“女孩们仿佛理解了什么”可知作者的故事是有效的，应选项A正确。10．Whatdoestechnologyreallybringusaccordingtothetext?A.Theanswerstothepuzzlingproblems.B.Thetimewithourfamilyandfreedom.C.Theinformationoflearningtheoutsideworld.D.Thechoiceofcommunicatingwithourfriends.答案与分析B推理判断题。依据最后一段第二句可知科技的实质是给我们带来和家人在一同的时间和自由，应选项B正确。阅读技巧7文体类型判企图——写作企图类看文体类型：故事类(totellastory/tosharea(n)...experience/to5amuse/entertainreaders)。广告类(tosellaproduct/toattractvisitors/topersuadereaders/topromote...)。说明文(tointroduce/toinformreaders)。谈论文(toargue)。新闻类(toinform/toreport...)。看写作手法：在文章开头提出问题或介绍与主题相关的其余事物：tobringin/tointroducethetopic。举例或引用某人的话：tosupport/toshow...。阅读七选五(2018·内江模拟)体裁：说明文话题：平时活动难度：★★★★☆TinyTomatoesTomatoescomeinavarietyofsizes,shapesandcolors.Andthelittletomatoesaresomeofthemostfuntogrowandareperhapsthemostrewarding.Plum,cherryandothersmalltomatotypesarefuntogrowbecausetheyalwaysproduceabundantcropsofflavorfulfruit.Theyarefuntosnackonwhileworkinginthegardenorwhiledaydreamingaboutworkinginthegarden.__3__Theyaretypicallysweeterthanlargetomatoes,andlittletomatoescontainlessjuiceandfewerseedsthanlargetomatoes.Togrowlittletomatoes,selectasitethatreceivesatleastsixtoeighthoursoffullsunperday.Usealargecontainersetinasunnyspotifasunnyplantingsiteisotherwiseunavailable.__4__Youcouldalsoplantseeds,butalready-startedplantswillprovidefruitmuchmorequickly.W