2019人教版高三英语一轮复习练习选修八Unit5含答案

选修八Unit5[基础回首].单句语法填空(导学号02516357)1．Itisassumedthatstressismainlycausedbytoomuchwork.2．Ifyoudon'tliketheschoollunch,youhavethealternativeofbringingyourown.3．Shehaskeptupphysicaltrainingforseveralyearswithoutinterruption(interrupt)．4．Themoreweareawareofthesignificance(significant)ofthisfamoussaying,themorebenefitswewillgetinourdailystudyandjob.5．Ifyoustudyinasystematic(system)way,youwon'tleaveanythingout.6．Theplantsneedtherightamountofsunlightandraintogrowandripen(ripe)．7．Themechanicwhowishestodohisworkwell,mustfirstsharpen(sharp)histools.8．Theescapedprisonergotarrested(arrest)immediatelyheturnedupattherailwaystationandwassenttoprisonagain.9．Scientistshaveidentified(identify)morethanfortychemicalsintobaccosmokethatcausecancerinhumansandanimals.10．Incontrasttoourignoranceofsavingfood,manypeopleespeciallythoseinpoverty-strickenareasaresufferingfromstarvation(starve)．Ⅱ.单句改错(每句一错)(导学号02516358)1．Ihadnoalternativebutreporthimtotheheadteacher.report前加to2．Assumedthattheweatherisfavorable,farmerswillhaveagoodharvest.Assumed→Assuming/Assume3．Hecouldhavefinisheditonschedule,butanyhowhefellbehind.anyhow→somehow4．I'mverysorrytointerruptwithyou,butIhavesomethingveryimportanttotellyou.去掉

with5．Thesignificanceattachingtoanationaldayisverydifferentfromcountrytocountry.attaching→attachedⅢ.佳句写作

(导学号02516359)1．他们急急忙地抵达企业，结果认识到他们被开除了。(onlyto作结果状语答案：Theyhurriedtothecompany，onlytolearnthattheywerefired.

)2．看看我们此刻所处的窘境。假如我们接受了他的建议就好了。(ifonly)答案：Lookatthetroubleweareinnow.Ifonlywehadtakenhisadvice.3．看，我的妈妈正在切碎包饺子的肉。

(cutup)答案：Look，mymotheriscuttingupthemeatformakingdumplings.4．假定他在七点回来的话，我们就开会。(assume)答案：Assume/Assumingthathecomesbackatseven，wewillhaveameeting.5．只管下大雨，医护人员仍是快速地赶到事故现场。(inspiteof)答案：Inspiteoftheheavyrain，thedoctorsandnursesrushedtothesceneoftheaccident.[技术提高].阅读理解(导学号02516360)TheancientMayancivilization

collapsed

dueto

acentury-long

drought,

newresearchsuggests.MineralstakenfromBelize'sfamousunderwatercave，knownastheBlueHole，aswellaslagoons(环礁湖)nearby,showthatanextremedroughtoccurredbetweenA.D.800andA.D.1,000,rightwhentheMayancivilizationended.Aftertherainsreturned,theMayansmovednorthbuttheydisappearedagainafewcenturieslater,andthatdisappearanceoccurredatthesametimeasanotherdryperiod,thesediments(堆积物)reveal.Althoughthefindingsaren'tthefirsttotieadroughttotheendoftheMayanculture,thenewresultsstrengthenthecasethatdryperiodswereindeedthecause.That'sbecausethedatacomefromseveralspotsinaregioncentraltotheMayanheartland,saidstudyco-authorAndreDroxler,anEarthscientistatRiceUniversity.．700,theMayancivilizationflourishedintheYucatanpeninsula.TheseancientMesoamericansbuiltgreatpyramids,masteredastronomy,anddevelopedbothawritingsystemandacalendarsystem,whichisfamousforpredictingthattheworldwouldendin2012.ButinthecenturiesafterA.D.700,thecivilization'sbuildingactivitiesslowedandtheculturefellintowarandunrest.Theevidenceforadroughthasbeengrowinginrecentyears.A2012studyinthejournalScienceanalyzeda2,000-year-oldstalagmite(石笋)fromacaveinsouthernBelizeandfoundthatsharpdecreasesinrainfallcoincidedwithperiodsofdeclineintheculture.Butthedatacamefromjustonecave,whichmeantitwasdifficulttomakepredictionsfortheareaasawhole，Droxlersaid.Tolookforsignsofdrought,theteamdrilledthesedimentsintheBlueHoleofLighthouseLagoon,aswellasoneintheRhomboidreef.Thelagoonsweresurroundedonallsidesbythickwallsofcoralreef.Duringstormsorwetterperiods,excesswaterrunsofffromriversandstreams，overtopstheretainingwalls,andisdepositedinathinlayeratthetopofthelagoon.Fromthere,allthesedimentsfromthesestreamssettletothebottomofthelagoon,pilingontopofeachotherandleavingarecordofthehistoricalclimate.TheteamfoundthatduringtheperiodbetweenA.D.800andA.D.1,000,whentheMayancivilizationcollapsed,therewerejustoneortwotropicalcyclones(气旋)everytwodecades,asopposedtotheusualfiveorsix.Afterthat,theMayamovednorth,buildingatsitessuchasChichenItza,inwhatisnowMexico.[语篇解读]玛雅文化怎样消逝是一个神奇话题。新研究发现：古玛雅文化的消逝可能与长达一个世纪的干旱相关。1．WhathappenedafteranextremedroughtbetweenA．D.800andA.D.1,000?A．TheMayansweresufferingaheavyflood.B．TheMayanssuddenlydisappearedfromtheearth.C．TheMayanswereoftenattackedbytropicalcyclones.D．TheMayansmovedtoplacesinwhatisnowcalledMexico.分析：D[细节理解题。依据第二段“Aftertherainsreturned,theMayansmovednorth”和最后一段“Afterthat,theMayamovednorth，buildingatsitessuchasChichenItza,inwhatisnowMexico”可知D为正确选项。]2．WhatisthemainideaofParagraph4?A．TheachievementsoftheMayancivilization.B．ThepredictiontheMayancivilizationmade.C．TheeffectstheMayancivilizationhadonhumans.D．ThebackgroundwheretheMayancivilizationbegan.分析：A[段落粗心题。依据第四段第一句“FromA．D.300toA.D.700,theMayancivilizationflourishedintheYucatanpeninsula”以及后边举的例子可知本段主要介绍玛雅文明的繁华。]3．WhydidtheteamdrillthesedimentsintheBlueHoleofLighthouseLagoon?A．TolearnhowtheBlueHolecameintobeing.B．Toknowwhatliesonthebottomofthelagoon.C．Tostudytherecordofthehistoricalclimate.D．Toseehowexcesswaterrunsofffromriversandstreams.分析：C[细节理解题。依据第七段第一句“Tolookforsignsofdrought”和最后一句“leavingarecordofthehistoricalclimate”可知C为正确选项。]4．WhatdidAndreDroxlerthinkoftheanalysisofthe2,000-year-oldstalagmite?A．Amazing.B．Ridiculous.C．Reasonable.D．Unreliable.分析：D[推理判断题。依据第六段最后一句“Butthedatacamefromjustonecave,whichmeantitwasdifficulttomakepredictionsfortheareaasawhole,Droxlersaid”可知来自一个洞穴的数据，很难对整个地域做出正确的展望。].完形填空(导学号02516361)(2018河·北衡水中学一模)WhileIwaswaitinginlineatacoffeeshopearlier,awomandrovealongsidethequeueinamobilityscooter(踏板车).Therewasonlya__1__spacebetweenthelineofpeopleandthetables,whichshe__2__todrivealong.Shedroveovermyfootanddidn't__3__sayingnothingatall.Igotannoyedandexpectedshewouldhave__4__，butthenIjustdecidedto__5__itandgotdowntoselectingwhichpastry(点心)togowithmycoffee.TheladyandIendedupsittingatadjacent(周边的)tables.Shewasontheendofarowsothatshecouldparkher__6__.Afterabouthalfanhour，whenshehad__7__hercoffee,shegotupandbackontoherscooter.It__8__start.Shetriedtoturnthekeyseveraltimes__9__shetelephonedtheplaceshepurchased(购置)itfrom.Anengineer__10__within5minutes.Theplacemusthavebeenlocal.Icouldn't__11__overhearing(偷听)theirconversation,anditturnedoutshehadjust__12__thescooterthatmorning.Thiswasherveryfirstoutinginit.Shefeltreally__13__aboutdrivingit.__14__，shewasn'tusedtoitsspeed,norits__15__，andthiscombinationmadeitquite__16__todriveitthroughnarrowgaps.Suddenly，Ifelt__17__forthelady.Itreallydidn't__18__meatallthatshe'ddrivenovermyfoot.Ihadmadeanassumption,__19__，thatapersondoingthatshouldapologize.Nexttimeyou'reaboutto__20__someone，pauseforasecondandremindyourselfthatpeoplehavejudgedyouwithoutknowingwhatwasgoingoninyourmindoryourlife.[语篇解读]本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要叙述了作者在被一个第一次骑踏板车的女性轧到脚，又目击了对方骑车时的不安以及没法启动车子的遭受后，开始变得怜悯对方并最后谅解对方的故事。1．A.privateB．vastC．publicD．narrow分析：D[考察形容词辨析。由第二段最后一句中的“todriveitthroughnarrowgaps”可知，人群与桌子之间的空间狭小。D项意为“狭小的”，切合语境。A项意为“私有的，私人的”；B项意为“巨大的”；C项意为“公共的”，均与语境不符。]2．A.attemptedC．declined

B．promisedD．guaranteed分析：A[考察动词辨析。依据上文可知，人群与桌子之间的空间很狭小；又依据下文中的“drivealong”以及“Shedroveovermyfoot”可知，她试图从中穿过。A项意为“试图”，attempttodosth.意为“试图做某事”，切合语境。B项意为“许诺”；C项意为“拒绝”；D项意为“保证”，均与语境不符。]3．A.callbackC．lookback

B．giveupD．cheerup分析：C

[考察动词短语辨析。依据语境可知，她从作者的脚上边开了过去，没有回头看一下，而且什么都没有说。A项意为“回电话”；B项意为“放弃”；C项意为“回头看一下，回首”；D

项意为“使抖擞起来”。]4．A.ignoredC．explained

B．apologizedD．forgiven分析：

B

[考察动词辨析。依据第三段最后一句中的

“thatapersondoingthatshouldapologize”可知，作者当时很生气，希望她能致歉。

A项意为“忽略，不理睬”；B

项意为“致歉”；C

项意为“解说”；D

项意为“谅解”。]5．A.dismissC．replace

B．makeD．inspect分析：A[考察动词辨析。pastry(点心)togowithmycoffee.

依据该句“Igotannoyedand...andgotdowntoselectingwhich”并联合语境可知，前后表示转折，作者开初很生气，希望这位妇女能致歉，可一会儿以后，便不再理睬这件事，开始仔细精选自己的点心了。

A项意为“不予理睬，不予考虑

”；B项意为“制作”；C

项意为“取代”；D

项意为“视察，检查”。]6．A.truckC．car

B．bikeD．scooter分析：D[考察名词辨析。依据文章第一句“...awomandrovealongsidethequeueinamobilityscooter(踏板车)．”可知，她坐在最后一排的目的是能够停放她的踏板车，此处与开头的“scooter”照顾。

]7．A.poured

B．finishedC．ordered

D．purchased分析：B

[考察动词辨析。依据下文中的

“shegotupandbackontoherscooter”并联合语境可知，此处应指她喝完了咖啡而后起身去骑踏板车。

A项意为“倾，倒”；B

项意为“完成”；C项意为“命令，订购，点

(酒席等)”；D

项意为“购置”。]8．A.needn'tC．wouldn't

B．shouldn'tD．mustn't分析：C

[考察神态动词辨析。依据下文中的“shetelephonedtheplaceshepurchased(购买)itfrom

”以及第二段第一句

“Anengineer

__10__

within5minutes.

”可知，踏板车坏了，启动不了。由此可知，

C项“wouldn't”切合语境。

A项意为“不用”；B

项意为“不该该”；D

项意为“严禁”，均与语境不符。

]9．A.soC．unless

B．untilD．before分析：D[考察连词辨析。依据语境可知，她在给卖踏板车的地方打电话以前，又尝试转动了几下钥匙。A项意为“所以”；B项意为“直到”；C项意为“除非”；D项意为“在以前”。]10．A.brokein

B．turnedupC．ranaway

D．settleddown分析：B

[考察动词短语辨析。依据上文中的“shetelephonedtheplaceshepurchased(购买)itfrom”可知，在给卖踏板车的地方打电话以后，工程师在五分钟以内就到了。

A项意为“闯进，打断”；B

项意为“出现，露面，抵达”；C

项意为“逃跑”；D

项意为“定居，平定下来”。]11．A.tolerate

B．allowC．resist

D．postpone分析：C

[考察动词辨析。依据下文中的

“overhearing(偷听)theirconversation

”并联合语境可知，作者不由得偷听了他们的讲话。A项意为“容忍”；B项意为“同意”；C项意为“抵制”；D项意为“推延”。can't/couldn'tresistdoingsth.意为“不由得做某事”，切合语境。]12．C．fixedD．abandoned分析：A[考察动词辨析。依据下文中的“Thiswasherveryfirstoutinginit”可知，她那天上午刚从店里取了车，这是她第一次把它骑出来。A项意为“采集，领走”；B项意为“偷”；C项意为“固定，维修”；D项意为“放弃，遗弃”。]13．A.concernedB．excitedC．confidentD．nervous分析：D[考察形容词辨析。依据下文中的“shewasn'tusedtoitsspeed”并联合知识可知，这是她第一次骑踏板车，所以她应当是很紧张。A项意为“担忧的，忧愁的”；B项意为“兴奋的”；C项意为“有信心的”；D项意为“紧张的”。]14．A.DoubtfullyB．CertainlyC．FortunatelyD．Surprisingly分析：B[考察副词辨析。依据上文中的“Thiswasherveryfirstoutinginit”可知，这是她第一次骑踏板车出门，自然会不习惯它的车速。A项意为“思疑地”；B项意为“自然，一定”；C项意为“好运地”；D项意为“惊讶地”。]15．A.widthB．lengthC．weightD．height分析：A[考察名词辨析。依据上文中的“shewasn'tusedtoitsspeed”和下文中的“todriveitthroughnarrowgaps”可知，她既不习惯车速，也不习惯它的宽度。width意为“宽度”，与下文中的“narrowgaps”照顾，切合语境。]16．A.cool

B．convenientC．stressful

D．desperate分析：C[考察形容词辨析。依据语境可知，她那一天清晨是第一次骑踏板车出门，不习惯它的车速，也不习惯它的宽度，这让她在狭小的空间里驾御踏板车很有压力。

她既A项意为“凉快的，沉着的，酷的”；B项意为“方便的”；C项意为“有压力的”；D项意为“令人无望的，极度盼望的

”。]17．A.pleasure

B．regretC．appreciation

D．sympathy分析：D[考察名词辨析。依据语境并联合上文描绘这位女士骑车时的困难可知，当认识到真相后，作者忽然对这个妇女的遭受感觉怜悯。A项意为“快乐”；B项意为“后悔”；C项意为“感谢，赏识”；D项意为“怜悯”。]18．A.strike

B．botherC．satisfy

D．motivate分析：B

[考察动词辨析。作者在知道了这位妇女的状况以后，很怜悯她，

也不再恼火她