论鲁滨逊精神及其现实意义On-Robinson-Crusoes-Spirit-and-Realistic-Significance

PAGEPAGEii论鲁滨逊精神及其现实意义OnRobinsonCrusoe’sSpiritandRealisticSignificanceAbstractRobinsonCrusoeisalegendarypersoncreatedbyDanielDefoe.Hedarestotakerisks,heisinthepursuitoffreedomandfreelifeandisasolitaryadventurerandtenacity.Evenifhewaslivingonalonelyisland,hewasneverdiscouragedwiththespiritofrisk-takers.Inspiteofhisparents’advice,helefthome;eventhoughtheirparentshadleftasubstantialamountofproperties,inthelonelyislandthatlackbasicneeds,hehasovercomelonelinessandunimaginabledifficultieswithhistenaciousamazingperseveranceandhefinallysurvived,andhealsocontinuedtostruggleforthefuture.Heisapersonwhocanabandonhiscomfortablelifeforthedream.FromthiswecanseethatRobinsonCrusoeisapersonwithpursuiting,creativeandenterprisingspirit.Atthe24thyearwhenhestayedontheisland,herescuedawildman,andinthefollowingdays,healsosavedtheSavage'sfatherathisownrisk,andrescuedanumberofstrangers.Hehasthespiritofthank-kindness.Nowadays,peopleliveinabettersociety.NobodywouldhavethesameexperiencesasRobinson,butpeoplemaycomeacrosssomedifficultyoradversity.Whentheyareconfrontedwiththeadversity,theyshouldadjusttheirattitudes,makeplansforthefutureactively,begoodatbringingforthnewideasinadversity,andnevergiveupthehopetogetoutofit,struggleagainstitindomitablylikeRobinsonCrusoe.IfpeoplecanfollowRobinsonCrusoe’sspirit,theyeventuallywillgetoutoftheadversity,andcreatethesplendoroftheirownlives.Keywords:spirits;adventurer;enterprising;thank-kindness内容摘要鲁滨逊是笛福创造出来的一个传奇人物。他敢于冒险，勇于追求自由自在，无拘无束的生活，是一个孤独而顽强的冒险者，即使流落荒岛，也决不气馁，具有冒险者精神。他不顾父母的劝阻而决然离家出走，尽管父母给他留下一笔可观的财产，在荒芜人烟，缺乏基本条件的小岛上，他孤身一人克服了许许多多常人无法想象的困难，以惊人顽强的毅力活了下来，并不断为将来奋斗，是一个能够放弃安逸的生活，为梦想拼搏的人，具有追求，开创，进取精神。在岛上的第二十四年，他还搭救了一个野人，并在后来的日子，冒险救出野人的父亲及一些素不相识的人，具有重情重义，知恩图报的精神。当今社会的人们生活在物质优越的环境下，也许不会有像鲁滨逊一样的经历，但生活中总会遇到一定的坎坷或逆境，面对逆境人们应该像鲁滨逊一样调整好心态，积极地为将来做打算，有计划地安排生活，并且善于在逆境中发现、创造、永不放弃,走出逆境的希望，顽强地与逆境作斗争，从而创造出自己人生的精彩.关键词：精神;冒险者追求;创造;进取;感恩PAGEiii

ContentsIntroduction 11.TheBriefIntroductionoftheOriginalWork 21.1TheIntroductionoftheAuthor 21.2TheIntroductionoftheBriefContent 32.SpiritsofRobinsonCrusoe 42.1AdventuringandPursuitingSpirit 52.2TheCreativeandEnterprisingSpirit 62.2.1Robinson’sAttitudesTowardstheAdversity 72.2.2Robinson'sActionsTowardsAdversity 82.3TheThank-kindnessSpirit 103.RealisticSignificance 103.1SignificanceinOurLife 113.2SignificanceinOurWork 12Conclusion 12Notes 14Bibliography 15Acknowledgements 16PAGE15IntroductionIt’swellknowthatRobinsonCrusoeisagreatcharacterbydanielDefoe.RobinsonCrusoe’slifeisfulloflegends.HewasborninagoodfamilyinthecityofYork.Owingtohisramblingthoughtsaboutgoingtothesea,hebrokeloosetobeasailoragainsthisparents’will.Hemetalotofdifficultiesonhissailingway,confrontingalotofadversityonthissailingway,evenlocatedonalonelyislandforabouttwenty-eightyears.Buthenevergiveuphopeandcreatedthesplenderofhislife.CaiNingnighasbeentoldusthatTagoreoncesaid:“Wherethereislifethereishope.Itiseasytoseethathopeisveryimportantinlife,especiallyinadversity.”[1]Inthesameadversity,onewholoseshisownbeliefonceherunsintotheadversitywillbeneversuccessful,whileonewhowillnotgiveupeasilywillsucceedafterovercomingalotofdifficulties.Onlyifonehashopeinhismind,andhenevergivesitup,willhebesuccessfulatlast.RobinsonCrusoenevergiveuphishopewhenhemetalotofadversityonhiswaytosailing.Sohefinallysucceededandcreatedthesplenderofhislife.HenryHarveycrusoehasalsobeensaidthat“RobinsonCrusoetookpartinthattime’simprovingactivityactivelyisaprettywiseaction.Heusedhistorytoenlightenpeople’swisdom.Heisapersonwhoisfullofcreative.”[2]RobinsonCrusoeisreallyalegendpersonwhohasnothingbutaccordingtohishardwork,hefinallysucceededintheendinmyopinion.Thoughheisafictiousgreatperson,hetellspeoplethetruththatweshouldconfrontdifficutyandadversitywithactiveandoptimisticattitude.Robinsonisapersonwhodarestotakeadventrueandpursuiting.Helefthishomethoughhisparentslefthimenoughproperties.Thefactthathewantstolivehisownlifeandshowshisspiritofadventruingandpursuiting.Onthelonelyislandhesavedawildmantheneducatedhimandhenevergaveuphopeonthelonelyislandandfinallygetoutofadversity.Alltheseshowhisspiritofcreatingandenterprising.Afterhegotoutofthelonelyislandandadversityhehadneverforgetthepersonwhohelpedhimbefore.Thisshowshisspiritofthank-kindness.OurreallifeisfullofchanllengeandliveinsuchacolorfulworldweshouldhavethespiritsasRobinsonhas:thespiritofadventuringandpursuiting,thespiritofcreatingandenterprising,thespiritofthank-kindness.PeopleliveinthismordernsocietyshouldlearnthespiritsofRobinson’sandeventuallygetoutofthedifficultyandadversitylikeRobinsonCrusoeandcreatethesplendoroftheirownlives.1.TheBriefIntroductionoftheOriginalWorkRobinsonCrusoeisagreatcharacterbyDanielDefoe.ThoughRobinsonisafictitiousgreatperson,hetellspeoplethetruththatweshouldconfronttheadversityproperly.RobinsonCrusoe’slifeisfulloflegends.HewasborninagoodfamilyinthecityofYork.Hecanhaveagoodlifewithhisparents’properties.Owingtohisramblingthoughtsaboutgoingtothesea,hebrokeloosetobeasailoragainsthisparents’will.Unfortunately,hewascaughtbytheMorningandbecameaslaveattheAfricanshore.Becauseoftheunbearablelife,heescapedfromhisPatroninaboat.Thenhewassavedbyafreighter.AndhewassenttoBrazilssafely.Hebecamerichbyplantation.ButwhensomeonesuggestedgoingtotheseatobuyandsellNegroes,hesurrenderedhimselftohisdreamagain.ThenhesteppedonhiswaytonavigationtoAfrica.Onthewaythere,theywerecaughtinaviolentstorm,whichbroughtdeathtoeveryoneexceptRobinson.Hewasdrivenbythecurrentanddriftedtoanislandandwassaved.Sincethenhebeganhislifeontheisland.[3]Robinson’slifeontheislandisthemostwonderfulpartofthewholestory.Robinson’stwenty-eightyearslifeontheislandisacclaimedastheacmeofperfection.Confrontingsuchanadversity,Robinsonshowedhisamazingwillpowerandstaunchlife-force.Healsoshowedpeoplehowtodealwithadversityinlife.Undersuchanadversecircumstance,heovercamevariousdifficultiesandcreatedsplendorofhislife.1.1TheIntroductionoftheAuthorTheauthorofRobinsonCrusoe,DanielDefoewasborninagoodcommercialfamilyin1660,inLondon.[4]Hewasonceabusinessman,whorantheenterpriseofunderclothes,cigarettesandwinetrade,hehadlivedthroughsomedifficulties,buthecouldsavehisenterpriseeverytimeafterhisfailure,meanwhile,heshowedushisstabledeterminationtofightagainsthisfate.Hecouldnotbedestroyed.AllofthoseexperiencespavedthewayofthoughtandtechniqueoftheaccomplishmentofhismasterpieceRobinsonCrusoe.Thatis,thesuccessofRobinsonCrusoeisnotoccasional.ItissaidthatbesidesBible,RobinsonCrusoeisthemostpublishedbook.Today,thebookhasbeenregardedasthefirstlongfictionintheworld.Thisbookalsoreflectthatworldpaticially.Itisamirrorofthatworld.1.2TheIntroductionoftheBriefContentRobinsonCrusoewaswrittenundertheenlightenmentofarealstoryinthe18thcentury.AScottishseafaringmaninBritainshipnamedAlengzanderslakeclashedagainsthiscaptain,andwasdesertedinanisolatedisland,whichhadthedistanceof500metersfarawayfromthecoastofChile.Helivedalonethereforaboutfouryears;hewasfinallysavedbyafamoussailorandwastakenhomein1771.[5]TheeventhadevokedgreatinterestingintheEurope.RobinsonCrusoe,whowascreatedbyDanielDefoe,wasarepresentativeofbourgeoisie,anidealhero.Whatheadvocatedwasnottosatisfywithannoyance,buttodevelop,toworkandtoattainsomethingthroughyoureffort.Wecanseethetraditionofwesterncivilizationfromhimandhisadventurespirit.Theworkspraisespeople’sworkspirit.ThefictionopensupthewayofEnglishrealismfiction.RobinsonCrusoe,whowastheprotagonistofTheLifeandStrangeSurprisingAdventuresofRobinsonCrusoe,wasapersonofstubborn,aggressiveandfirm.Becauseofhisdecisiontogoouttoseetheoutsideworldandknowit,hefinallywentouttobeasailorwithouttheconcessionofhisparents.HebecameaslaveinthecoastofAfricabecauseoftheattackbyagroupofpirates,buthelaterescapedthereforthathecannotbearthehardlife,andhewassavedbyaPortugalship,andhewascarriedtoBrazilsafely,whereheattainedalotofmoney.ButhewasnotsatisfiedwithsuchpropertyanddesignedtohisdreamtobeonthewaytosellslavesinAfricawhensomebodyadvisedhimtodoso.Justbecauseofit,hewasflowedtoanisolatedislandandwasreducedtoalonelymanwithoutanycompany.Thankgoodness,thereweresomuchfood,clothesandtoolsleftintheshipwhichwaswreckedonthecoast.Hecouldstillbealiveforthosematerials.Duringtheperiod,Biblewashisspiritsupport,hebuilthouse,gotrice,tamedsheepandmadeleatherclothesbythefurofanimals.Aftertwentyeightyears,hewassavedbyanEnglishshiptoEngland.[6]2.SpiritsofRobinsonCrusoe“ThenovelhasabigreflectioninEnglandandEuropean.ThemostsuccesspointofthisnoveliscreateRobinsonCrusoesuchahugeherowhichisfullofenergy,hisadventurer,pursuiting,creativeandenterprisingencouragedthenewgenerationandgavethemaprofoundenlightenment”whichsaidbyLiYong.[7]AndIreallycan’tagreewiththisopinionanymore.Ronbinson’slifeisfullofvariousadversities,andespeciallyhistwentyeightyear’slifeontheislandisthemostarduousoneofall.Andexeperienceoflivingontheislandcanshowbesthisspitits.Allhislifeexperiencecanalsoindicateit.Hehasthespiritofadventureandpursuit,thespiritofcreatandenterprising,includingthespiritofthink-kindness.[7]Mostofhisspiritsworthustostudyandlearn.2.1AdventuringandPursuitingSpiritRobinsonCrusoewasborninagoodfamilyinthecityofYork.Hisfatherwantedhimtostudylawandbecomealawyerinthefuture.Butrobinsonwanttotakeriskwhenhewasveryyoung.[8]Inordertoliveafreedomandhappylife,hegaveuphiscomfortablelife,andabigamountofpropertieswhichhisparentsleftforhimandwentoutforsailing,livinghisownlifewhenhewasjust18yeasold.Onhiswayofpursuithislife,hemetalotofdifficulties.Hisfirsttimetogooutforsailingmadehimownhisowncompaniesandbeganhissecondtimesailing.Atthesecondtime,histhoughtpromotedhimtogoouttoHull,andmetoneofhisfriends,whopersuadedhimtogotoLondon,sohesufferedthefirststorminthesea.Atthistime,hewantedtogohomeverymuchandfeltregretthathedidn’tfollowhisparent’swords,butwhentheseacalmeddown,heforgotthefearandworryandthisalsoledtohisthirdtimeofsailing.Atthethirdtime,becauseofaheavystormofthesea,hewaslocatedinthelonelyanddesertedisland.Hegaveuphiscomfortlifeandwentoutforhisowndream;hewasneverafraidofadventurethoughhefailedseveraltimesandnearlylosthislifeinsuchkindofadventurebutstillwentforhisowndreamandlivesforhisownlife.Hisadventurousexperiencesshowhisadventurerspirit.Hisspiritofnevergivinguphisdream,defeatingallkindsofhardshipsshowshisspiritofPursuiting.2.2TheCreativeandEnterprisingSpiritInthethirdtimeofgoingforsailing,RobinsonCrusoemetthemostterriblestormthathehasnevermetbefore.Inthistime’ssailing,thestormneverstoppedforaboutseveraldays.Theyhavefourteenpeopleintheboatbutonediedindesease,andtwobringawaybythesea.Onlyleftedelevenpersonintheship.Unfortunatelythebigshipwassinkedbythebigwave.ExceptRobinsonCrusoe,noonesurvived.ThebigwavesendsRobinsontoalonelyanddesertedisland.Inthisisland,Robinsonspendshis28yeaslife.Hehasnothingbuthenevergiveupandtryhisbesttobuildabetterlife.OnthisislandlifeshowsRobinson’screateandpursuitspirit.Howeverthisspiritshowsinthefollowingtwosides:hisattitudestowardstheadversityreflectedfromhistwenty-eightyears’lifeontheislandandhisactionstowardsdifficulty.2.2.1Robinson’sAttitudesTowardstheAdversityWhentheadversitycomes,ishehappy?No.Justashesaid,hehadadismalprospectofhiscondition.ItiseasytoseethatRobinsonalsofeltmiserable.Thoughtheadversitycameunexpectedly,andRobinsonalsocomplainedabouthisconditioninthebeginning,hecanconverthisthoughttoanotherone:Butsomethingalwaysreturnedswiftuponmetocheckthesethoughts,andtoreproveme;andparticularlyoneday,walkingwithmyguninmyhandbytheseaside,Iwasverypensiveuponthesubjectofmypresentcondition,whenReason,asitwere,expostulatedwithmet’otherway,thus:“Well,youareinadesolatecondition,thistrue,butprayremember,wherearetherestofyou?Didnotyoucomeelevenofyouintotheboat?Wherearetheten?Whywerenottheysavedandyoulost?Whywereyousingledout?Isitbettertobehere,orthere?”AndthenIpointedtothesea.Allevilsaretobeconsideredwiththegoodthatisinthemandwithwhatworseattendsthem.[9]Itishistransposingthoughtsthatchangedhisattitudestowardslife.Whenhefeltmiserableabouthiscondition,hethoughtofhiscompanions’misfortunes.Heunderstoodthathisconditionisnotbadcomparedwiththem.Ashesaid:“Allevilsaretobeconsideredwiththegoodthatisinthemandwithwhatworseattendsthem.”[10]Itisjustthesameasthetruththattoloseisanotherwaytogain.ThereisnodoubtthatRobinsonlostmanythings,suchashiscompanions,hiscomfortablelife.Buthegotmore.Hewassurvived,whichisthemostimportantforhim.Thatisenough.Lifeiseverything.Wherethereislife,thereishope.Besides,Robinsonknewhowtosetthegoodagainsttheeviltoenjoythecomforts.Rbinsonmadeacomparisonbetweentheevilandgood,andunderstoodthathegotmorethanhelostindeed.Astimewenton,helearnedtotakemoreuponthebrightsideofhiscondition,andlessuponthedarkside,andtoconsiderwhatheenjoyedratherthanwhathewanted.Somebodythinksthatifonegetsgreatprestige,hewilllosethefreedomthattheordinaryhave;ifonegetsenormouswealth,hewilllosetheeasewhenheissleeping;ifonegetsbriskbusiness,hewilllosealotoftime…Inaword,ifeveryonecanthinkofhisowngainandlossseriously,hewillfindthatthereisreallossinvaryingdegreesintheprocessofgaining.[11]Hehasnothingontheisland,andhehastodoallthingsbyhisown.Hehasnofoodbutheneversittherewaitingfordeath.Hestartfeedship,andhasanoptimisticattitudetowardsadversity.Hehasnoplacetolivesohebuilthistentdayafterday.Hetryhisbesttosolvethedifficultiesonthelonelyislandshowshisenterprisingspirit.2.2.2Robinson'sActionsTowardsAdversity“sothatIhadatolerableviewofsubsistingwithoutanywantaslongasIlived;forIconsideredfromthebeginninghowIwouldprovidefortheaccidentsthatmighthappenandforthetimethatwastocome,evennotonlyaftermyammunitionshouldbespent,butevenaftermyhealthorstrengthshoulddecay”.[12]Fromthis,peoplecanseethatRobinsonisaforesightedperson.Whenheranintotheadversity,hecoulddealwithitcalmly,andhecouldconsiderhisfuturerationally.Somepeoplewilllosehisreasoningpowerwhenheisinabadcondition.ButRobinsonmadeplansforhisfuturelifeontheisland.Hemadeaplanforhisdailywork:everymorninghewalkedoutwithhisgunfortwoorthreehoursifitdidnotrain,thenworkeduntilabouteleveno’clock,thenatewhathehad,andlaydowntosleepfromtwelvetotwoastheweatherwasexcessivelyhot,andthencontinuedtoworkuntiltheevening.Hemanagehistimeproperly.Neverwastedhisprecioustime.Timemanangeabilityisthenecessaryabilityinthisdays.Itinfluenceaperson’scareer,family,friendship.It’saincrediablesourceinourdaylife.[13]Robinsoncanusehistimeproperlyandcreateamountofincrediablesources.Hemadeplannotonlyforhisdailyworkbutalsoforhisfood,bulletsandpowder.Hisfoodwasverylimited.Healwaysatecannily.Andhetriedhisbesttofindsomethingeatable.Sometimeshewenthunting,whichhecouldgetsomemeatforeatingthrough.Andhetriedtotamethesheep.Thenhegotnotonlymilkbutalsosomemutton.Hisbulletswereusedcannilyandseriously.Onlywhenitisquitenecessary,wouldheuseit.Asforhispowder,heconsidereditcarefully;heseparatedhisstockofpowderintomanylittleparcelstoavoiddanger.Andheusedthemaccordingtohisplan.Becausehedidnotknowhowlonghewouldliveontheisland.Owingtohisconsiderationandplansforhisfuturelife,hecouldliveontheislandforsuchalongtime.AssumethatRobinsondidnotconsiderhisfuturelifeanddidnotmakeaseriesofplansforit,hespenthisfood,bulletscasually,andhowcouldheliveon?Nooneknows.Heusehishandsdoalotofnecessarythingsthatneedtouseontheisland.Healsosavedawildmanontheislandandeducatedhimshowshismanpowerandhiscreatespirit.Anditalsoreflectthattime’screatepower.2.3TheThank-kindnessSpiritRobinsonlocatedonthelonelyislandabout28years.UntilthatyearaEnglandshipwentthroughthisplace.Hehelpedthecaptainoftheshipkilletherebelingsailors.AndthenhewentbacktoEngland.Atthistimebothhisparentsdied.HeregainedhisBrazilgardenandallhisproperties.Andhegavepartofhispropertiestothepersonwhohelpedhimbefore.Hegivepartofhispropertiestotheoldshipcaptain.Afterhistruefriendtheoldcaptaindiedhealsotriedhisbesttohelptheoldcaptain’sson.Hehelpthewildmansavehisfatherandrisk-takingtosavealotofstrangersandarrangeplaceforthemtolive.Healsogivethemenoughfoodtoeat,whichshowshiszhongqingzhongyiandthank-kindnessspirit.3.RealisticSignificanceRobinson’spreciousspiritisnotonlyimportantatthattimebutalsoveryimportantinthismordernsocietybothinourdailylifeandinourwork,Itactsasaprettyimportantroleinourdailylife,tellingusanunchangeablerule—nevergiveupbeforeadversity,andtryourbesttobuildabetterlife.Livingabilityisthemostimportantabilityinourlife.[14]WeshouldlearnRobinson’senterprisingspirit,neveraddictedinthebadenvironmentandtryourbesttochangethebadsituationandcreateabettersituation.Italsohelpsusalotinourwork,makingagreatcontributioninbuildingabeautifulandpeacefulworld.Therewillbeagreatdifficultyinbuildingsuchanidealworld.WeshouldlearnRobinson’sattitudetowardsdifficulty,weshouldnevergiveup.Weshouldpracticeourabilityintheadversity.Whenwefacingtheadversity,Weshouldanalysisitclearlyandsmiletoit.Neverbeatbyit.[15]3.1SignificanceinOurLifeAllRobinson’sspiritsarealsoworthustolearninourreallife.Notonlyinthetimewebuildourcountry.WeshouldhavetheadventurerspiritandpursuitspiritasRobinsonhas,andtakeupchanllengetomakeourlifebetter.WeshouldalsohaveRobinson’sspiritofcreatingandenterprising.Inordertomakeabetterlifeandconquereallkindsofdifficultieswemetinourlife,westillhavetolearnRobinson’sthank-kindnessspiritandneverforgetthepersonwhohelpedusonourwaytosuccess,weshouldalsotryourbesttohelpotherwhoreallyneedhelpinoursurroundings.3.2SignificanceinOurWorkNowadays,asthenewgenerationofourcountry,weshouldertheresponsibilitytoconstructreourcountry.WeshouldlearnRonbinson’sspiritofdaringtochallengewiththisworld,neverbeatenbyit.Withheavyimpressionweshouldbecomestronger.Everybodywillmeetadversityinhislife,somepeoplecanfaceitproperlyandstrugglewithit,butotherswillfalldownbecauseofit.Thatpersonwhocantreatadversityproperlywillgetthefinalsucess.Thisisalsoourfinalpurpose.WeshouldlearnRobinson’sspiritdaringtotakeriskandhisadventurerspirit.Asourcountryisdevelopingmoreandmorequicklyandbecomingstrongerthanbefore.MostpeoplecanliveacomfortablelifeweshouldlearnRobinson’screatingandenterprisingspirit.Tryourbeststruggleforahigherlifelevel.Andmustremembertheoldsaying“bornindangeranddiedincomfortable”.Untillnow,ourcountrybecomestrongerandpeopleinourcountrybecomerichwhowerepoorbefore.weshouldneverforgetthepersonwhohelpedusbefore.Weshould’tforgetthepersonwhohelpedusatthattimewhenwewerepoor.Forexample,somecountriesthattriestheirbesttohelpusbuildourcountryandmakeourcountrystronger.WeshouldalsotransmitthisspiritandhelpotherswhoisreallyneedinghelpandlearnRobinson’sthank-kindnessspirit.ConclusionRobinsonCrusoe’slifeinadversitywasastonishing.Heovercameallkindsofdifficultiesinhislifeandsticktohisowndream.Hedaredtotakeriskandpursuit.Heovercametheadversityandcreatedthesplenderofhislife.Helivedinthelonelyislandbuthenevergaveupandeventryhisbesteverythingbyhimself.Thefactthathealsosavedthewildmanandeducatedhimreflectshedaredtocreateandbeenterprising.Hetriedhisbesttohelpthepersonwhohelpedhimbefore.Thisshowsthatheisathank-kindnessperson.Robinson’sattitudestowardsadversitytellpeoplethatadversityisnotoneimpossiblethingtoovercome.Onlyifyouhavecouragetoovercomeit,heorshehasspiritsasRobinson’s.Heorshewillgetoutofitandcreatethesplendorofhisownlife.Robinson’slifeexperienceisavividpictureofourtruelife.Asthenewgenerationofourcountry,WeshouldertheresponsibilitytoconstructourcountryandwemuststudyRobinson’sspirittodaretotake