一轮复习英语重大版学案学通语法第九讲 定语从句

第九讲定语从句单句语法填空1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014that/whichshowedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromallcauses.2．(2018·6月浙江高考)Manywesternerswho/thatetoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Likeanything，itispossibletohavetoomuchofboth,whichisnotgoodforthehealth.4.(2017·6月浙江高考)Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygotsweptintoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden，whereitremaineduntilthecarrot’sleafytopaccidentallysprouted(生长)throughit.5．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,wholivedfromroughly551to479BC,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.6．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid­1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.一、关系代词引导的定语从句1．who,whom,whose引导的定语从句(1)who或whom均可指代人，但who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom在从句中作宾语；两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。①I’vebeegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschoolwho/whom/thatImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。②IhavemanyfriendstowhomI’mgoingtosendpostcards.我有很多打算寄贺卡给他们的朋友。(2)whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于ofwhich；指人时相当于ofwhom。Myeldestson,whoseworktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.(2017·天津高考单选)我的大儿子现在在纽约，他的工作带他去世界各地。2．that,which引导的定语从句(1)which指物，在从句中可以作主语、宾语，也可作定语，作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物均可，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseumthat/whichhadbeenconstructedthreeyearsbefore.她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。(2)限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用that不用which的情况：①先行词为不定代词anything,nothing,something,everything,all,some,none,little,few,theone等时。Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomethingthatwassomeoneelse’sfault.我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。②先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinGuilinwasElephantTrunkHill.他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。③先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame,any,every,each,few,little,no,some,all等修饰时。TheonlypartofthemealthatIreallylikedwasthedessert.这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。④先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。Theywillneverforgetthethingsandpersonsthatthey’veseenorheardofduringtheirlongjourney.他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。(3)关系词只用which而不用that的情况：①关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。Theboywasawayfromhomeforaweek,whichworriedhisparentsverymuch.这个男孩离家一个星期了，这使他父母很担心。②当从句中的介词提前，构成“介词＋关系代词”结构时。Weliveinanageinwhichmoreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。3．as引导的定语从句(1)as可以引导限制性定语从句，常用于“so/such/thesame＋先行词＋as...”结构中。SuchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。eq\a\vs4\al([名师指津])which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容时只能位于主句之后。Hekeptlyingtome,whichannoyedmegreatly.他总是对我说谎，这事使我很恼火。(2)as也可以引导非限制性定语从句，定语从句说明整个句子，可放在主句之前、之中或之后。常用的这种类似插入语的句式有：asthesayinggoes,asissaidabove,asismentionedabove,asoftenhappens,asisoftenthecase,asisreportedinthenewspaper等。“Youcan’tjudgeabookbyitscover，”astheoldsayinggoes.正如老话所说的那样：“人不可貌相。”二、关系副词引导的定语从句1．where引导的定语从句where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/on...＋which”。OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch,whereyoucanhearsomelovelymusic.(2015·北京高考单选)→OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch,inwhichyoucanhearsomelovelymusic.对面是圣保罗大教堂，你们在那里能听到一些动听的音乐。eq\a\vs4\al([名师指津])当先行词为situation,case,stage,point,activity,atmosphere等抽象名词，且在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时，常用关系副词where引导。Youreachapointwheremedicinecan’thelp.你到了药物无法治疗的地步。2．when引导的定语从句when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词in/at/on/during...＋which”结构。Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,whentheweathermaybebetter.(2016·天津高考单选)我们将会把去公园野餐的时间推迟到下周，那个时候天气可能会更好一些。3．why引导的定语从句why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for＋which”结构。Doyouknowthereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn’tattendthemeeting?你知道他没参加会议的原因吗？eq\a\vs4\al([名师指津])非限制性定语从句中，常用forwhich表示原因而不用why。Ihadtoldthemthereason,forwhichIdidn’tattendthemeeting.我把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。三、“介词＋关系词”引导的定语从句1．介词和关系代词的确定若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：1先行词的意义；2从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；3句子的意思。①TradingleathershoesisthebusinesstowhichtheGreensaredevoted.皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。(bedevotedto“献身，致力于”)②IwishtothankProfessorSmith,withoutwhosehelpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.我希望感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我永远不会走这么远。③RecentlyIboughtanancientvase,whoseprice(＝thepriceofwhich)wasveryreasonable.最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。2．“of＋关系代词”引导的定语从句在some,any,few,little,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each等代词或数词的前、后表示整体与部分的关系可以用ofwhich/whom。Manyyoungpeople,mostofwhomwerewell­educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.(2016·江苏高考单选)很多年轻人都到偏远地区去追逐自己的梦想，他们中的大多数都受过良好的教育。3．“介词＋where”引导的定语从句有时“介词＋where”可以引导定语从句，此时要和“介词＋which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。Hisheadsoonappearedoutofthewindow,fromwherehesawnothingbuttrees.他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(fromwhere相当于fromoutofthewindow，而不是fromthewindow)[典题精选][我来改正][常设误点]①(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Aroundmeinthepicturearethethingstheywereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime:carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.②(2016·四川高考)ThedisheswhatIcookedwereMom’sfavorite.①they→that/which②what→that/which或去掉what(1)关系词与非关系词的错用关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语；what不能引导定语从句。③(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Intheirsparetime，theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.③that→which(2)that与which的错用在不定代词、最高级、序数词等后用that；在非限制性定语从句和介词后用which。④(2019·涪陵区高三一模)Thebook,ofwhosethecoverisbrokenisofgreathelptoallofus.④whose→which(3)which和whose的错用在定语从句中，关系代词which在从句中常作主语或宾语，也可作定语，而whose只可作定语，“whose＋n.”相当于“the＋n.＋ofwhich”或“ofwhich＋the＋n.”。⑤(2018·嘉峪关市三模)Therearemanypeoplethinkthatwealthisbetterthanhealth.⑤在people后加who或think→thinking(4)关系词的缺失在therebe结构中，容易受汉语影响而漏掉用作主语的关系词who/that/which等。eq\a\vs4\al([常考题点对点练])Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Iknowmanyfarmers,someofwhomleavetheirhomestoworkinthebigcitytosupporttheirfamilies.2．Sometimesyourappearanceisamirror,whichreflectsyourqualityinaway.3．Thereasonwhyhefailedintheexamwasthathedidn’tstudyhard.4．Theresultwasnotthesameastheyhadexpected,whichwasratherdisappointing.5．Mydaughter,whosejobrequireshertodoalotoftravelling,isalwaysawayfromhome.6．Pleaseputtheletterintheplacewherehecaneasilyfindit.7．(2018·海口二模)So,theylookedaroundforasoccerclubthat/whichwouldbeabletodothisforthem.8．(2018·重庆二模)Freeflyers,asthenamesuggests,enjoythemorespontaneous(即兴的)thrillofdoingtheirownthings.9．Therearemanyformsofmunication,whichincludetexting,cellphones,email,andsocialmedia.10．Seriousheadandneckinjurieshappenmostoftentoathleteswho/thatplaycontactsportslikefootball.11．(2019·济南模拟)Thenewprogramisreallyabigstepupfromeverythingelsethatwe’veseen.12．We’llreachthesalestargetsinamonththat/whichwesetatthebeginningoftheyear.Ⅱ.单句改错1．(2019·福建单科质检)Couldyouremendahotelwhereisinthecentreofthetown？where→that/which2．Thebossofthepanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherethathisemployeesenjoytheirwork.that→where3．Travellingabroad,youshouldfollowthecustomsofthecountrywhereyouarevisiting.去掉where或where→which/that4．Wecantakepartinsomeactivitiestogether,whenIcanintroduceyoutoothers.when→where5．I’dlikearoomwhichwindowlooksoutoverthesea.which→whose6．MrSmithissuchapopularteacherasallofusthinkhighlyofhim.去掉him或as→that7．Ihavethreeforeignteachers,twoofthemarefromCanada.them→whom或two前加and8．Ihaveapicturebyafamouspainterwhowassenttomeformybirthday.who→which/thateq\a\vs4\al([高考题型综合练])Ⅰ.语法填空MrandMrsZuckerbergannouncedtodonatemoneyagain!Thecoupledonatedatotalof3billiondollarstotheirprogram__1__(call)CZIoverthenext10yearstohelpcure,preventormanagealldiseasesbytheendofthe21stcentury.InDecember2015,theylaunchedtheprogramjusttohonorthebirthof__2__daughter,Max.Lastyear,whentheirbabygirlwasborn,theFacebook’sCEO__3__(give)awaythemajorityofhiswealthandwrotealettertotheirnewbabygirl,inwhichheannouncedthe__4__(create)oftheChanZuckerbergInitiative,__5__willfocusonpersonalizedlearning,curingdisease,connectingpeopleand__6__(build)strongmunities.“Foryourgenerationtoliveina__7__(good)world,thereissomuchmoreourgenerationcando，”Zuckerbergwrote.“Todaywewillspendourlivesdoingoursmallparttohelpsolvethesechallenges.Wewillgive99%ofourFacebookshares—__8__(current)about$45billion—toadvancethisvaluablemission，”hewrote.“Weknowthisisasmallcontributionpared__9__alltheresourcesandtalentsalreadyworkingontheseissues,__10__wewanttodowhatwecan,workingalongsidemanyothers.”语篇解读：Facebook创始人扎克伯格和他的妻子再次宣布捐款30亿美元用于医学领域，这是继扎克伯格夫妇为了纪念女儿的降生将名下大部分财产捐献后的又一次善举。1．called本句中已有谓语动词donated，因此设空处应用非谓语动词；call与program之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作后置定语修饰program，相当于定语从句whichiscalledCZI。2．their此处指的是扎克伯格夫妇的女儿，应填形容词性物主代词their。3．gave根据时间状语“Lastyears,whentheirbabygirlwasborn”可知，此事发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填gave。4．creation设空处前有冠词the，后有介词of，因此应用名词形式。故填creation。5．which分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为theChanZuckerbergInitiative，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故用which引导。6．buildingfocusondoingsth.为固定搭配，意为“聚焦做某事”，设空处与personalizedlearning,curingdisease,connectingpeople为并列关系，同作介词on的宾语，应用动名词形式。7．better根据句意可知，此处表示“一个更好的世界”，暗含比较意义，应用比较级。故填better。8．currently设空处在句中作状语，表示“目前”，应用副词。故填