考研加语言学及翻译

PAGEPAGE1 业：外国语言学及应用语言课程名称：语言学及翻译 共5页第1Linguistics(100Studyinglinguistics,wehavecomeacrossalotoftechnicalterms,someofwhicharelistedbelow.Pleasewriteoutthemostacceptabledefinitionsforeachofthem.(10%)language;b)diachronicstudy;c)assimilation;d)morphemee)minimalf)surfacestructure;g)implicatureh)linguisticdeterminism;j)Studyinglinguisticswehavebeenacquaintedwithmanylinguists,someofwhomarelistedbelow.Writeoutaphrasethatmaybestrepresenttheircontributionstolinguistics.（10%）NoamChomskyb)M.A.K.Hallidayc)L.d)FerdinanddeSaussuree)H.P.Gricef)J.Firthg)Williamh)D.Sperber&D.Wilsoni)JohnAustinj)DellLinguisticsasaspecifieddisciplinehasitsowntechnicalwaysofoperation.Trytofilltheblankstodemonstrateyourtechnicalsenseoflinguistics.(15%)Pleasegivethecorrespondingsoundsegmentsaccordingtothedescriptions:voicelessbilabialstop:a) alveolarnasal:b) 专课程名称：语言学及翻译 共5页第2lal: Inspeak,/p/isarticulatedas[ph];iny,/p/isarticulatedas[pl].[ph]and[pl]aretherefored) ofe) becausetheyarenotdistinctivein Thereare sinCooperativePrinciple,theyare , ,andi) Pleasereadthedialoguebelow:A:Let’sgetthekidssomethingtoeat.B:Ok,butIvetoI-C-E-C-R-E-A-M.Inthisdialogue,of isFromtheoflexicalsenserelation,andcriminalareintherelationofk) ;carandrear-viewmirrorareintherelationof Thedesignfeaturesoflanguagearearbitrariness,m) ,discement,andn) Inmorphology,adisshortforadvertisement;neisshortforaerone.Thisisaphenomenoncalledo) Pleaseanswerthefollowingquestionstodemonstrateyourcriticalpotentials.Whatarethefeaturesofmodernlinguistics?Andhowdothey distinguishedcomparedtohistoricallinguistics?(7%)Trytousetreediagramtoillustratethemeaningofmoreexpensiveclothes.专课程名称：语言学及翻译 共5页第3Asisknown,Sapir-WhorfHypothesishastwoversions:strongandweak.Howwouldyouunderstandthedifference?(8%)Whatissemantictriangle?Pleaseexinitwithanexample.FirstconsiderthefollowingA:What’sthetimenow?B:Themilkmaniscoming.Thenanswerthequestion:whatimplicaturecanyougetfromB’s nce?(8Writetwoshortessaysonthefollowingtopicstodemonstrateyourpotentialofnglinguistics.(30%)DavidCrystal(1992:17),afamouslinguist,oncewrote:“Languagemarksouridentity,physicallyintermsofage,,andvoiceprints;psychologicallyintermsoflanguageand ality,inligence;geographicallyintermsofaccents,dialects;ethnicallyandsociallyintermsofsocialstratification,class,status,role,solidarityanddistance”.Couldyoupleasewritedownyourunderstandingoftheabovequotation?(15%)Wehavevariouslinguisticrulesfunctioningatdifferentlevelsoflanguage.Forexample,insyntaxwehavePSrulesthatgeneratedeepstructure.Couldyoulist3-5otherrulesthatyouknowandexintheirfunctions?(15%)专课程名称：语言学及翻译 共5页第4Translation(50将下列短文译成汉语Engineeringstudentsaresupposedtobeexamplesofpracticalityandrationality,butwhenitcomestomycollegeeducationIamanidealistandafool.InhighschoolIwantedtobeanelectricalengineerand,ofcourse,anysensiblestudentwithmyaimswouldhavechosenacollegewithalargeengineeringdepartment,famousreputationandlotsofgoodlabsandresearchequipment.Butthat’snotwhatIdid.Ichosetostudyengineeringatasmallliberal-arts(文科)universitythatdoesn’tevenofferamajorinelectricalengineering.Obviously,thiswasnotapracticalchoice;Icamehereformorenoblereasons.Iwantedabroadeducationthatwouldprovidemewithflexibilityandavaluesystemtoguidemeinmycareer.Iwantedtoopenmyeyesandexpandmyvisionbyin ctingwithpeoplewhoweren’tstudyingscience engineering.Myparents,teachersandotheradultspraisedmeforsuchasensiblechoice.TheytoldmeIwaswiseandmaturemy18years,andIbelievedthem.IheadedofftocollegesureIwasgoingtohaveanadvantageoverthosestudentswhowenttobigengineering“factories”wheretheydidn’tcareifyouhadvaluesorwereflexible.Iwasgoingtobeacompleteengineer:technicalgeniusandsensitivehumanist(人文学者)allinone.NowI’mnotsosure.Somewherealongthewaymynobleidealscrashedintoreality,asallnobleidealseventuallydo.Afterthreeyearsofstrugglingtobalancemath,physicsandengineeringcourseswithliberal-artscourses,Ihavelearnedtherearereasonswhyfewengineeringstudentstrytoreconcile(协调engineeringwithliberal-artscoursesincol