综合教程第四册Unit10TextI词汇学习

THEIDIOCYOFURBANLIFEHenryFairlie1Betweenabout3a.m.and6a.m.thelifeofthecityiscivil.Occasionallythelonefootstepsofsomeonewalkingtoorfromworkechoalongthesidewalk.Allworkthathastobedoneatthosehoursisuseful一inbakeries,forexample.Eventhenewspaperpressesstopturningforestsintolies.Nowandthenacarcomesoutofthesilenceandcruiseseasilythroughtheblinkingtrafficlights.Thenaturalinhabitantsofthecitycomeoutfromdampbasementsandcellars.Withtheirpinkearsandpaws,sleek,well-groomed,theirwhiskerscombed,ratsaretruecitydwellers.Urbanlife,duringthehourswhentheyreign,isurbane.♦civil:adj.adj.1)(onlybeforenoun)connectedwithpeoplewholiveinacountry国民的；平民的e.g.civilunrest(=thatiscausedbygroupsofpeoplewithinacountry)民众的骚乱(onlybeforenoun)connectedwiththestateratherthanwithreligionorwiththearmedforces 国家的，政府的(非宗教或军事的)e.g.acivilmarriageceremony 非宗教仪式的结婚典礼(onlybeforenoun)involvingpersonallegalmattersandnotcriminallaw民事的(非刑事的)e.g.acivilcourt民事法庭politeinaformalwaybutpossiblynotfriendly有礼貌的；客气的♦lone:adj.(onlybeforenoun)1)withoutanypeopleorthings单独的；独自的；孤零零的 syn:solitarye.g.alonesailorcrossingtheAtlantic独自横渡大西洋的人(especiallyBrE)withoutahusband,wifeorpartnertosharethecareofchildren单亲的syn:singlee.g.alonemother/parent/father 单亲母亲/父亲Idioms:alonewolf:apersonwhopreferstobealone好独处的人；喜欢单干的人♦echo:v.1)ifasoundechoes,itisreflectedoffawall,thesideofamountain,etc.sothatyoucanhearitagain回响；回荡syn:reverberatee.g.Herfootstepsechoedintheemptyroom.她的脚步声在空荡荡的屋子里回响着。Thegunshotechoedthroughtheforest.枪炮声在林中回荡。2)~(to/withsth)/~sth(back)tosendbackandrepeatasound;tobefullofasound发出回声；产生回响；充满回声 syn:reververatee.g.Thewholehouseechoed.整个房子充满回声。Thestreetechoedwiththecriesofchildren.街上回荡着孩子的哭声。Thevalleyechoedbackhisvoice.山谷里回荡着他的声音。1)torepeatanideaoropinionbecauseyouagreewithit重复，附和(想法或看法)e.g.Thisisaviewechoedbymanyontherightoftheparty.这是党内许多右翼分子都重复过的观点。torepeatwhatsbelsehasjustsaid,especiallybecauseyoufinditsurprising(尤因感到意外而)重复…话，模仿e.g.“He’sgone!”Vivechoed.“他去了！”维夫重复道。♦cruise:n.1)ajourneybysea,visitingdifferentplaces,especiallyasaholiday/vacation乘船游览；航行e.g.I’dlovetogoonaround-the-worldcruise.我很想乘船周游世界。aluxurycruiseship豪华游轮v.1)totravelinashiporboatvisitingdifferentplaces,especiallyasaholiday/vacatione.g.TheycruiseddowntheNile. 他们沿尼罗河而下乘船游览。WespenttwoweekscruisingtheBahamas.我们花了两个星期乘船游览巴哈马群岛。(ofacar,plane,etc.)totravelatasteadyspeed以平稳的速度行驶e.g.alightaircraftcruisingat4000feet一架在4000英尺高度巡航的轻型飞机acruisingspeedof50milesanhour每小时50英里平稳行驶的速度(ofacar,etc.oritsdriver)todrivealongslowly,especiallywhenyouarelookingatorforsth(尤指查看或寻找时)慢速行驶，巡行e.g.Shecruisedaroundtheblocklookingforaparkingspace.她绕着那个街区慢慢行驶，想找个停车的地方。Taxiscruisedthestreets,lookingforfares.出租汽车缓慢行驶在街上招揽顾客。towinorachievestheasily轻而易举赢得(或获得)；轻取e.g.Thehometeamcruisedtovictory.主队轻松取胜。5)(slang)togoaroundinpublicplaceslookingforasexualpartner(在公共场合)寻觅性伙伴，猎艳♦sleek:adj.1)(approving)smoothandshiny 光滑的；光亮的syn:glossye.g.sleekblackhair乌黑油亮的头发thesleekdarkheadofaseal 黑乎乎、油光光的海豹脑袋(approving)havinganelegantsmoothshape 线条流畅的；造型优美的e.g.asleekyacht 造型优美的游艇thesleeklinesofthenewcar 新车流畅的线条(oftendisapproving)(ofaperson)lookingrich,anddressedinelegantandexpensiveclothes阔气的；衣冠楚楚的；时髦的e.g.asleekandambitiouspolitician 衣冠楚楚、野心勃勃的政客well-groomed:adj.awell-groomedpersonisveryneatandclean,andlooksasiftheyhavetakencareovertheirappearance衣冠楚楚的whisker:n.1)(C)anyoflongstiffhairsthatgrownearthemouthofacat,mouse,etc.(猫、鼠等的)须whiskers(pl.)(old-fashionedorhumorous)thehairgrowingonaman’sface,especiallyonhischeeksandchin 络腮胡子；连鬓胡子♦reign:n.1)theperiodduringwhichaking,queen,emperor,etc.rules君主统治时期e.g.in/duringthereignofCharlesII在查理二世统治期间theperiodduringwhichsbisinchargeofanorganization,ateam,etc.任期；当政期v.1)~(oversb/sth)toruleasking,queen,emperor,etc.统治；当政；为王；为君e.g.thereigningmonarch当政的君主QueenVictoriareignedfrom1837to1901.维多利亚女王自1837年至1901年在位。HerodreignedoverPalestineatthattime. 那时，希律王统治巴勒斯坦。~(oversb/sth)tobethebestormostimportantinaparticularsituationorareaofskill成为最佳；成为最重要的e.g.thereigningchampion 冠军称号的保持者Inthefieldofclassicalmusic,hestillreignssupreme.在古典音乐领域，他仍然是最为杰出的。(literary)(ofanidea,afeelingoranatmosphere)tobethemostobviousfeatureofaplaceormoment盛行；成为最显著的e.g.Atlastsilencereigned(=therewascompletesilence). 最后，万籁俱静。♦urbane:adj.(especiallyofaman)goodatknowingwhattosayandhowtobehaveinsocialsituations;appearingrelaxedandconfident温文儒雅的；练达的；从容不迫的2Theseratsaresocialcreatures,asyoucantellifyoulookoutonthecitystreetduringaninsomniacnight.Butafter6a.m.,thetwo-legged,daytimecreaturesofthecitybegintostir;anditisthey,nottherats,whobringtheratrace.Youmightthinkthathumanbeingscongregateinlargecitiesbecausetheyaregregarious.Theoppositeistrue.Urbanlifetodayisaggressivelyindividualisticandatomized.Citiesarenotsocialplaces.insomniac:n.1)apersonwhofindsitdifficulttosleep失眠患者ratrace:n.(sing.)(disapproving)thewayoflifeofpeoplelivingandworkinginalargecitywherepeoplecompeteinanaggressivewaywitheachotherinordertobemoresuccessful,earnmoremoney,etc.(大城市里为财富、权力等的)疯狂竞争，你死我活的竞争congregate:v.1)tocometogetherinagroup 群集；聚集；集合e.g.Youngpeopleoftencongregateinthemainsquareintheevenings.年轻人傍晚时经常聚集在大广场上。gregarious:adj.1)linkingtobewithotherpeople 交际的；合群的syn:sociable2)(biology)(ofanimalsorbirds)livingingroups群居的3Thelunacyofmoderncitylifeliesfirstinthefactthatmostcitydwellerstrytoliveoutsidethecityboundaries.Sothetwo-leggedcreatureshavecreatedsuburbs,exurbs,andfinallyrururbs(rubstosome).Disdainingrurallife,theytrytocreatesimulationsofit.Noeffortissparedtoletcitydwellersimaginetheyarelivinganywherebutinacity:patchesofgrassinthemoremodestsuburbs,broaderspreadsinthericheronesfurtherout;primnewtreesplantedalongthestreets;atthefootofthelargerbackyards,apretensetoboskywoodlands.♦lunacy:n.(U)1)behaviorthatisstupidorcrazy愚蠢的行为；疯狂syn:madnesse.g.It,ssheerlunacydrivinginsuchweather.天气这样糟糕还开车，真是疯了。2)(old-fashioned)mentalillness 精神病；精神错乱；精神失常syn:madnessexurb:n.(N.Amer.)adistrictoutsideacity,especiallyaprosperousareabeyondthesuburbs(北美)城市远郊(尤指近郊以外的富裕地区)rururb:(rural+urban)n.anareasharingruralandurbanwaysoflifedisdain:n.(U,sing.)1)~(forsb/sth)thefeelingthatsb/sthisnotgoodenoughtodeserveyourrespectorattention 鄙视；蔑视；鄙弃syn:contempte.g.totreatsbwithdisdain 鄙视某人adisdainforthelaw对法律的藐视v.(formal)1)tothinkthatsb/sthisnotgoodenoughtodeserveyourrespect鄙视；蔑视；鄙弃e.g.Shedisdainhisofferofhelp. 他提出要帮助，遭到她的鄙弃。torefusetodosthbecauseyouthinkthatyouaretooimportanttodoit不屑(做某事)e.g.Hedisdainedtoturntohissonforadvice.他不屑于向自己的儿子请教。♦simulation:n.1)(C,U)asituationinwhichaparticularsetofconditionsiscreatedartificiallyinordertostudyorexperiencesththatcouldexistinreality 模拟；仿真e.g.acomputersimulationofhowtheplanetfunctions行星活动方式的计算机模拟asimulationmodel 仿真模型(U)theactofpretendingthatsthisrealwhenitisnot假装；冒充e.g.thesimulationofgenuineconcern 假装真诚关心♦prim:adj.(disapproving)1)(ofaperson)alwaysbehavinginacarefulandformalway,andeasilyshockedbyanythingthatisrude一本正经的；循规蹈矩的；古板的e.g.Youcarfttellherthatjoke-she,smuchtooprimandproper.你可别跟她讲那个笑话，她这个人古板正经的要命。formalandneat正式的；端庄的syn:demuree.g.aprimsuitwithahigh-neckedcollar 端庄的高领西服♦pretense:(NAmE)=pretence:n.1)(U,sing.)〜(ofsth/ofdoingsth)/~(that…)theactofbehavinginaparticularway,inordertomakeotherpeoplebelievesththatisnottrue假想；伪装；虚伪的表现e.g.Theirfriendlinesswasonlypretence.他们的友善态度只不过是装出来的。Bytheendoftheeveningshehadabandonedallpretenceofbeinginterested.到晚会结束时，她已将假装的兴趣抛得一干二净。Hemadenopretenceofgreatmusicalknowledge.他未敢妄称音乐知识丰富。Shewasunabletokeepupthepretencethatshelovedhim.她无法继续假装爱他了。2)(U,C,usuallysing.)〜(tosth/todoingsth)(formal)(literary)aclaimthatyouhaveaparticularqualityorskill妄称；自称；标榜e.g.awomanwithsomepretencetobeauty自诩有几分姿色的女人Imakenopretencetobeinganexpertonthesubject.我不敢自诩为这方面的专家。♦bosky:adj.coveredbytreesorbushes;wooded长满灌木的；树木丛生的；为树木所掩蔽的e.g.aslow-movingrivermeanderingbetweenboskybanks小溪在绿树成荫的两岸间缓慢流淌。4Theprofessionalpeoplebuysecondhomesinthecountryassoonastheycanaffordthem,andasearlyaspossibleonFridayheadoutofthecitytheyhavecreated.TheNewYorkintellectualsandartistsquaintlysaytheyare“goingtothecountry”fortheweekendorthesummer,butinfacttheyhavecreatedalittleManhattan-by-the-SeaaroundtheHamptons,spreadingovertheLongIsland6potatofieldswhoseearliersolitudewaspresumablythereasonwhytheyfirstwentthere.Citydwellerstakethecitywiththemtothecountry,fortheywillnotlivewithoutitspamperings.ThemainstreetsofAmerica,ssmalltowns,whichusedtohavehardwareanddrygoodsstores,arenowstripsofboutiques.Old-fashionedbarbersbecomeunisexhairdressingsalons.Thebrownratsstayinthecitiesbecauseofthefilththehumansleaveduringtheday.Theratscleanitupatnight.Soonthecountrysidewillbejustasnourishingtothem,asthecitydwellerstaketheirfilthwiththem.♦intellectual:adj.1)(usuallybeforenoun)connectedwithorusingaperson,sabilitytothinkinalogicalwayandunderstandthingssyn:mental智力的；脑力的；理智的ellectualcuriosity求知欲anintellectualnovel 推理小说2)(ofaperson)welleducatedandenjoyingactivitiesinwhichyouhavetothinkseriouslyaboutthings 有才智的；智力发达的e.g.She,sveryintellectual.她很聪慧。n.1)apersonwhoiswelleducatedandenjoysactivitiesinwhichtheyhavetothinkseriouslyaboutthings知识分子；脑力劳动者quaint:adj.1)attractiveinanunusualorold-fashionedway新奇有趣的；古色古香的e.g.quaintoldcustoms 稀奇的古老习俗aquaintseasidevillage 古朴典雅的海滨村庄Hamptons:汉普顿斯(美国度假胜地)LongIsland:长岛(美国纽约州东南部岛屿)solitude:n.1)(U)thestateofbeingalone,especiallywhenyoufindthispleasant独处；独居syn:privacye.g.Shelongedforpeaceandsolitude.她渴望安宁，渴望独享清净。pamper:v.1)(sometimesdisapproving)totakecareofsbverywellandmakethemfeelascomfortableaspossible细心照顾；精心护理；娇惯；纵容syn:cossete.g.Pamperyourselfwithournewrangeofbeautytreatments.尽情享受一下我们的新系列美容服务吧。aspoiltandpamperedchild 一个娇生惯养的孩子drygoods:n.(pl.)(BrE)typesoffoodthataresolidanddry,suchastea,coffeeandflour干货2)(old-fashioned)(NAmE)clothandthingsthataremadeoutofcloth,suchasclothesandsheets纺织品(如衣服、被单等)e.g.adrygoodsstore纺织品商店boutique:n.1)asmallshop/storethatsellsfashionableclothesorexpensivegifts时装店；精品店；礼品店unisex:adj.1)intendedfororusedbybothmenandwomen男女皆宜的；不分性别的e.g.aunisexhairsalon男女美发店unisexjeans 男女都能穿的牛仔裤filth:n.(U)1)anyverydirtyandunpleasantsubstance污物；污秽e.g.Thefloorwascoveredingreaseandfilth.地板上满是油垢和污物。words,magazines,etc.thatareconnectedwithsexandthatareconsideredveryrudeandoffensive下流言辞；淫秽书刊e.g.Howcanyoureadsuchfilth?你怎么能看这种淫秽读物？thefilth(U)(BrE,slang)anoffensivewordforthepolice(骂人话)警察；雷子5Workstillgivesmeaningtorurallife,thefamily,andchurches.Butinthecitytodayworkandhome,familyandchurch,areseparated.Whattheofficeworkersdoforalivingisnotpartoftheirhomelife.Atthesametimetheymaintainthepointlessfrenzyoftheirworkhoursintheirhoursoff.Theyrushfromtheofficetojog,tothegymortheYMCApool,toworkattheirplaywiththesamejoylessness.♦maintain:v.1)tomakesthcontinueatthesamelevel,standard,etc.维持；保持syn:preservee.g.tomaintainlawandorder/standards/abalance维持治安；保持水平/平衡Thetwocountrieshavealwaysmaintainedcloserelations.这两个国家一直保持着密切联系。(formal)Shemaintainedadignifiedsilence.她一言不发，以保持尊严。tomaintainprices(=topreventthemfallingorrising) 维持价格的稳定tokeepabuilding,amachine,etc.ingoodconditionbycheckingorrepairingitregularly维持；保养e.g.Thehouseislargeanddifficulttomaintain.房子很大，难以养护。tokeepstatingthatsthistrue,eventhoughotherpeopledonotagreeordonotbelieveit坚持(意见)；固执己见syn:insiste.g.Themenmaintained(that)theywereoutofthecountrywhenthecrimewascommitted.这几个男人坚持说案发时他们在国外。Shehasalwaysmaintainedherinnocence.她一直坚持说她是无辜的。tosupportsb/sthoveralongperiodoftimebygivingmoney,payingforfood,etc.供养；抚养syn:keepe.g.Herincomewasbarelyenoughtomaintainonechild,letalonethree.她的收入养活一个孩子几乎都不够，更不用说三个了。frenzy:n.(C,usuallysing.,U)1)~(ofsth)astateofgreatactivityandstrongemotionthatisoftenviolentorfrighteningandnotundercontrol疯狂；狂乱；狂暴e.g.inafrenzyofactivity/excitement/violence疯狂的活动/兴奋/暴力Thespeakerworkedthecrowdupintoafrenzy.演讲者把听众的情绪煽动得疯狂起来。anoutbreakofpatrioticfrenzy爱国狂热的迸发akillingfrenzy 使人精疲力竭的疯狂YMCA:YoungMeifsChristianAssociation 基督教青年会e.g.WestayedattheYMCA.Eventhoughtheofficesoftoday,sbusinessesinthecityarethemselvesmovingouttothesuburbs,thisdoesnotnecessarilybringtheworkersbackclosertotheirworkplace.Itmerelymeansthattotherush-hourtrafficintothecitythereisnowaddedarush-hourtrafficouttothesuburbsinthemorning,andbackaroundandacrossthecityintheevening.Asthefarmerwalksdowntohisfarminthemorning,thecitydwellerisdressingforthefirstidiocyofhisday,whichhenotonlyacceptsbutevenseeks一thejourneytowork.Inthemodernofficebuildinginthecitytherearewindowsthatdon,topen.Thisisperhapsthemostsymboliclunacyofall.Outdoorsissomethingyoucanlookatthroughglassbutnottotouchorhear.Thesewindowsareascandalbecausetheyendangerthelivesofofficeworkersincaseoffire.Butnolessgrievous,evenonthefairestspringorfalldaytheworkerscannotputtheirheadsoutside.Thusitisnotsurprisingthattheurbanworkerhasnoknowledgeoftheseasons.Heisawaresimplythatinsomemonthsthereisairconditioning,andinothersthroughthesameventscomefetidcentralheating.Evenoutsideathomeintheirsuburbsthecitydwellersmayknowthatsometimesit,shot,andsometimesit,scold,butnotruesenseoftherhythmsoftheseasonsistobehadfromalawninthebackyardandafewspindlytreesstrugglingtosurvive.♦scandal:n.1)(C,U)behaviororaneventthatpeoplethinkismorallyorlegallywrongandcausespublicfeelingsofshockoranger丑行；使人震惊的丑事；丑闻e.g.aseriesofsexscandals 一系列性丑闻tocause/createascandal弓I发丑闻Thescandalbroke(=becameknowntothepublic)inMay.这桩丑闻是五月份曝光的。Therehasbeennohintofscandalduringhistimeinoffice.他在任期间没有任何丑闻。(U)talkorreportsabouttheshockingorimmoralthingsthatpeoplehavedoneorarethoughttohavedone 关于丑行的传言(或报道)；丑闻e.g.tospreadscandal 散步丑闻newspapersfullofscandal充斥丑闻的报纸(sing.)〜(that…)anaction,attitude,etc.thatyouthinkisshockingandnotatallacceptable可耻的行为(或态度等)；不可原谅的行为(或态度等) syn:disgracee.g.Itisascandalthatsuchalargetownhasnoorchestra.这么大一座城市，竟然没有一支管弦乐队，真是说不过去。♦vent:n.1)anopeningthatallowsair,gasorliquidtopassoutoforintoaroom,building,container,etc.(空气、气体、液体的)出口，进口，漏孔e.g.air/heatingvents 通气/热风孔(technical)theopeninginthebodyofabird,fish,reptileorothersmallanimal,throughwhichwastematterispassedout(鸟、鱼等小动物的)肛门alongthinopeningatthebottomofthebackorsideofacoatorjacket(大衣等的)衩口，开衩，背杈Idioms:give(full)venttosth:(formal)toexpressafeeling,especiallyanger,strongly(充分)表达；(淋漓尽致地)发泄e.g.Shegavefullventtoherfeelingsinaviolentoutburst.她大发脾气以宣泄情绪。♦fetid:adj.(BrElessfrequentfoetid)(usuallybeforenoun)(formal)smellingveryunpleasant 恶臭的syn:stinkingspindly:adj.1)(informal,oftendisapproving)verylongandthinandnotstrong长而纤弱的；细长而瘦弱的e.g.spindlylegs细长的腿8Thecitydwellerreelsfromunrealitytounrealitythrougheachday,alwaystryingtorecovertherurallifethathasbeensurrenderedforthecitylights.Nocitydweller,eveninthesuburbs,knowsthewonderofapitch-darkcountrylaneatnight.Nordoeshenaturallygetanyexercisefromhiswork.reel:v.1)(usually+adv./prep.)tomoveinaveryunsteadyway,forexamplebecauseyouaredrunkorhavebeenhit踉跄；摇摇晃晃地挪动；蹒跚syn:staggere.g.Ipunchedhimonthechin,sendinghimreelingbackwards.我一拳击中他的下巴，打得他向后打了个趣趄。~(at/from/withsth)tofeelveryshockedorupsetaboutsth感到震惊；感觉心烦意乱e.g.Iwasstillreelingfromtheshock.我吓得依然昏头转向。toseemtobespinningaroundandaround似乎在不停旋转；仿佛天旋地转e.g.Whenheopenedhiseyes,theroomwasreeling.他睁开眼睛时，房间似乎在不停地旋转。Phrasalverbs:reelsthin/out:towindsthon/offareel往卷轴上绕起；从卷轴上放开e.g.Islowlyreeledthefishin.我慢慢地收卷鱼线，将鱼拉过来。reelsthoff:tosayorrepeatsthquicklywithouthavingtostoporthinkaboutit一口气说出；滔滔不绝地讲(或重复)e.g.Sheimmediatelyreeledoffseveralnames.她立即一口气说出了好几个名字。9EveryEuropeanpointsoutthatAmericansarethemostround-shoulderedpeopleintheworld.Fewofthemcarrythemselveswithanuprightstance,althoughacorrectstanceisthefirstpreconditionoflettingyourlungsbreathenaturallyanddeeply.Electrictypewriterscutdowntheamountofphysicalexertionneededtohitthekeys;thebuttonsofawordprocessorneedevenlesseffort,asyoucantellfromthepostureofthosewhousethem.TheyrushouttojogorotherwiseFonda-izetheirleisuretotrytorepairthedamagedoneduringtheday.♦exertion:n.1)(U)(alsoexertions(pl.))physicalormentaleffort;theactofmakinganeffort努力；尽力；费力e.g.Shewashotandbreathlessfromtheexertionofcyclinguphill.她骑车上山累得全身发热，喘不过气来。Heneededtorelaxaftertheexertionofabusydayatwork.他忙碌工作了一天后需要休息。2)(sing.)theuseofpowertomakesthhappen行使；运用；施加e.g.theexertionofforce/strength/authority使用武力；使劲；行使权力♦posture:(U,C)thepositioninwhichyouholdyourbodywhenstandingorsitting(坐立的)姿势e.g.acomfortable/relaxedposture 舒适的/轻松的姿势upright/sitting/supinepostures 直立的/坐着的/仰卧的姿势Goodpostureisessentialwhenworkingatthecomputer用电脑工作时良好的姿势极其重要。Backpainsca