2022-2023年四川省乐山市大学英语6级大学英语六级模拟考试(含答案)

2022-2023年四川省乐山市大学英语6级大学英语六级模拟考试(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Theauthorthinksuchtaglineas"Steaksauceonlyacowcouldhate"conveysanegativefeelinghardy______.

2.

Twins,thosewhosharethesameplacenta,aremorelikelytohavesocialandlearningproblems,aswellas______.

3.

Agreatsloganshouldremindpeopleofthebrandname,sothenameshouldappearinthetagline.

A.YB.NC.NG

4.

Peopleshouldknowthatsomeearthquakesareactually______andalargerearthquakemightoccur.

5.

AccordingtoJohnMaynardKeynes,whycangovernmentsusedevaluationofcurrencytotakeinpeople?

A.Valueisinherentinmoney.

B.Metalcurrencyhasbecomeatoken.

C.Cashisconsideredaspureinformation.

D.Thetruthisbeyonddoubt.

6.

LikemostchiefexecutiveofficersinJapan,SoichiroHondaSteppeddowntobecomechairmenofHondaafterhisretirement.

A.YB.NC.NG

7.

Whenthereisadiscrepancybetweenidealandthereality,peoplearemostlikelytobecome______.

A.violentB.depressedC.emotionlessD.impulsive

8.

Teachersalsomakethesamemistakesasstudents.

A.YB.NC.NG

9.

Formanypeople,thebiggestchallengeintheworkplacewouldbeinteractingefficientlywithothers.

A.YB.NC.NG

10.TheNextDisaster:AreWeReady?

AreWeReallyPrepared?

AftertheattacksonSeptember11andthehurricanesthatslammedtheGulfCoastlastyear,you'dexpectourmajorcitiestobereadywithdisasterplansthatwillsavelivesandproperty.There'snodoubtwe'llbehitagain——maybeevenharder——becausethelistofpossiblecalamities(灾难)islong:fromabirdflupandemictoamassiveCaliforniaearthquake,tomoremonsterstorms,toanotherterroristattack.

Butarewereallypreparedtoprotectpeople,aswellastheirhomesandbusinesses?Everymajorurbanareahasreceivedfederalfunding,muchofitfromtheDepartmentofHomelandSecurity(DHS),inordertomaketheircitiesmoresecure.Buttherearenosetcriteriaformeasuringpreparedness(thefedsareworkingonthat),andthequalityofdisasterplansvarieswidelythroughoutthecountry.

Sowedecidedtodoanindependentassessmentof10high-riskurbanareas,focusingonkeysecurityindicators.Weanalyzedpublicdata,consultedwithfederalandlocalemergencyworkers,andcontactedthemayors'officestogauge(测量)thereadinessofthesecitiestomeetbothnaturalandmen-madedisasters.

Ourcriteriafellunderthreemaincategories:EmergencyReadiness,CrisisCommunications,andMedicalResponse.

EmergencyReadiness

Arethereatleast1,000firstresponders(suchaspolice,fireandEMTs)per100,000residents?They'reourfirstlineofprotectioninalmostanydisastersituation--professionalswhoaretrainedtohandleeverythingfromrescuingvictimstoprovidingfirstaid,toenforcingquarantines(封锁),todirectingtrafficforevacuations(疏散).

Aretherefederalsearch-and-rescueteamsbasedwithin50miles?Largecitiesoftenhavespecializedteamstodealwithsuchthingsashigh-rise-buildingrescuesorhazardouschemicalspills.Butthesesquadsaresometimessmall,ill-equipped,orrunonashoestring.Thisisnottrueoffederalurbansearch-end-rescuetaskforcesthattheDHSsupportsacrossthecountry.Eachtaskforceismadeof62membersand4canines,aswellasa"comprehensivecache"ofequipment.DHStaskforcesarenotautomaticallyassigned;acityneedstoapplyandpresentitscase.

Hasthecityorstateearned"greenstatus"fromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention?Supposethatinthemidstofaflupandemicorbioterrorattack,yourcityranlowoncriticalmedicines.TheCDCstandsreadytohelpbydistributingdrugsandmedicalequipmentfromitsStrategicNationalStockpile.Buttheagencywantstoknowthatacityorstateisabletoquicklymobilizehundredsofhealthworkersandvolunteerstrainedtohandlethelogistics,andhasspacesetasideforstorageandrefrigeration.You'rebestoffifyourcityhasearnedtheCDC's"greenstatus"--evenifthestateitselfhasnot--becauseitmeanslocalhealthteamscanhandlethesuppliesontheirown.

Doesthecitywebsiteexplainclearlywhattodoincaseofevacuation?WhocanforgettheimagesofstrandedNewOrleansresidents,orthe5-mphcrawloutofHouston?ItturnedoutthatNewOrleans'sevacuationplanswerebothinadequateandpoorlycommunicated.Onewaycitiescanavoidasimilarnightmareistoputclearandeasy-to-findevacuationinformationontheirwebsites.Somecities,suchasBostonandWashington,postthepreferredstreetroutes.Others,likeLasVegas,won'tdisclosedetailsduetosecurityfears,buttheirwebsitesmayprovidewaystoquicklygetevacuationdetailswhenyouneedthem(suchasnumberstocalloralertservicesyoucansignupfor).Amongthemoreimportantthingstoaddressarepeoplewithoutvehiclesoftheirown(ahugefailinginNewOrleans)andinstructionsforpetowners.

Doesthewebsiteincludedetailsforresidentswithspecialneeds?InJuly1995,aviciousheatwavekillednearly

A.YB.NC.NG

11.

Moneylaunderersknowhowtomovemoneybetweencountrieswithdifferentlawstocoveruptheaudittrail.

A.YB.NC.NG

12.WhenathleteswonintheOlympicgames,theyenjoyedvariousprivilegesforthemto______.

13.

Boyshaveahigherriskofdevelopingheartdiseasethangirls.

A.YB.NC.NG

14.

The3Mtagline"Innovation"isconsideredgreat,foritmanagestoblendinthelinetheir______.

15.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions:Inthispartyouwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

SustainableCommunities

AccordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund,peoplearecurrentlyusingresources25percentfasterthantheycanbereplaced.Ifwecontinuedownthiscourse,wewillneedasecondplanetbytheyear2050.Sustainablecommunitiesattempttochangethatcoursebydrasticallyalteringhowcitizensinteractwiththeenvironment.

Alternativelyknownasgreencommunitiesorecovillages(生态村),sustainablecommunitiesvaryintheirapproachestosustainableliving,orawayoflifethatmeetsthepopulation'sbasicneedsinwaysthatcanbecontinuedindefinitelyforfuturegenerations.Somecommunitiesfocussolelyonenrichingtheenvironment,whileothersalsoaimtoimprovesocialandeconomicconditionsaswell.

CharacteristicsofSustainableLivingCommunities

Sustainablecommunitiesgenerallystrivetominimizewaste,reduceconsumptionandpreserveopenspace.Ideally,theydon'tuseresourcesfasterthantheycanbereplenished,andtheydon'tproducewastefasterthanitcanbeassimilatedbackintotheenvironment.Granted,somecommunitiesaremoreradicalthanothers--livingentirelyoffthegridandeschewingtheuseofgovernment:--printedmoney--butthebasicprinciplesaresimilar.

Designingtheneighborhoodtoencouragewalkingorbicyclingisonewaysustainablecommunitiesputthesefirsttwoprinciplesintopractice.Lessdrivingmeanslessgasandemissions.Manyecovillagesalsoincorporateworkspaceintohomesorencouragetelecommuting.Theyalsomightzonepartofthedevelopmentforcommercialuse,essentiallymakingthecommunityaserf-containedenvironmentwhereresidentsdon'tevenhavetoleaveforshoppingorentertainment.Thisdesignsometimesiscalledalive-work-playlifestyle.

Usinggreenbuildingtechniquesisanotherstapleofsustainablecommunities.Hereareafewexamples:

-Architectsdesignbuildingstotakeadvantageofthesun'slightingandheatingcapabilities.

-Theyinstallenergy-efficientappliances.

-Theytrytouselocalsourcesofmaterialsasmuchaspossibletocutbackontheenvironmentalcostsoftransport.

-Theybuildwithdurable,non-toxicmaterialsthathaveeitherbeenrecycledorsustainablyharvested.

Youmightseestrawbale(草捆)houses,whichessentiallyusebalesofstrawasthestructuralbuildingblocks;cobhouses,whichareamixofstraw,clayandsandorearthbaghomes,whichareexactlywhattheysoundlike,homesmadeoutofbagsofdirt.

Alongwithgreenbuildingtechniques,sustainablecommunitiesrelyongreengardeningmethods.Theylandscapewithnative,drought-tolerantplantsandraisethemorganicallytoreducewaterandkeeppesticidesandherbicidesoutoftheenvironment.

Manycommunitiesalsosetasideasignificantportionoftheirlandasopenspace.Serenbe,forexample,reserves80percentofits900acresforgreenspace,thatis,720acresofrollinghills,woodsandstreamsfreeofdevelopment,quiteacontrasttotheconcrete-ladenurbansprawlofAtlantajust32milesaway.

Anotherwaysustainablecommunitiesreducetheirecologicalfootprintisbycapturingandrecyclingtheirwastes,oftencreatingtheirowncontainednaturalcycles.Insteadoftreatingnormallyperceivedwasteproductssuchasrainwaterandsewageaspollutiontobegottenridof,residentsmmth

A.WecanhaveanotherplanetcalledtheEarth.

B.WewilluseupresourcesonEarth.

C.Wewillworkoutreplaceableresources.

D.Wewillmigratetoanotherplanettolive.

16.

Aswearestillignorantofmillionsofuniquelifeformsintherainforest,deforestationcanbecomparedtothedestructionof______.

17.Thecasesofthestudentsmentionedatthethreeschoolssuggestthattheywere______oftheirplagiarismmistakes.

A.innocentB.ignorantC.defensiveD.regretted

18.

Geniusesdon'tconfinethemselvestosomeknownknowledgebuttendtouse______.

19.

Architectureisrelatedtophysics,sotheactualgoalofarchitectsistomakediscoveriesaboutstatistics.

A.YB.NC.NG

20.Whyaresleddogssaidtobephysicalwonders?

A.Becausetheyareraisedbywolves.

B.Becausetheycanstandmostsevereweather.

C.BecausetheyarefastestrunneramongArcticanimals.

D.Becausetheycanbeargoodslikehorsesdo.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthe

听力原文：Rightnow￡4millionhasbeenspenttargetingBritain'spartydrinkers.Ahard-hittingcampaignofadvertswarnsthatexcessivedrinkerscouldriskhorrifyingconsequences,andtherecouldbehealthwarningsonbottlesofwine,orspirits.Thisisthegovernment'sfirstnationalalcoholawarenessmovement.Anactorinareportercostumeprovidesthedrama,theHollywoodentertainermanthendeliverstheshockfactor.Despitetheinevitablethought,thepunchlineissurprisinglypermissive.

"Drink,haveagoodtime!Butknowyourlimits!"Theintendedaudiences,consumersarcinthe18to24agerange.Thisiswhattheyoungpeoplethemselvesaresaying,thisiswhatwouldmakeadifferencetothebehavior.ofpeoplewhenthey'vehadtoomuchtodrink.Don'tthinkyou'reunbeatable,knowyourlimits.Don'tpretendtobebrave.Whataboutthisthen?TheDepartmentofHealthtoldustheyareabout6monthsawayfromputtinghealthwarningsonindividualcansandbottles.Butthedrinksindustrywouldn'taccepthard-hittingmessageslikethis.Wearemorelikelytoseeslogansaskingustobehavesensibly.

Still,majorresearchconductedthissummerproducedahighlyskepticaloverviewofstrategieslikeadvertisingandwarninglabels.Usingworldwidescientificresearch,thereportgivesascoreofZEROwithregardtoeffectiveness.Butitgoesontosaythatthesetechniquesdohaveasurprisingconsequencesincemediaapproachesareimportanttogainpublicsupportforpolicychanges.Sotheresearcherssaytheadsmaynotconvinceustodrinkless,butthereisevidencethattheysoftenitupforfuturegovernmentinitiativeslikestricterdrink-drivinglaws,highertaxesonalcohol,orrestrictionsonthesaleofalcohol.

Rightnow￡4millionhasbeenspenttargetingBritain'spartydrinkers.Ahard-hitting【B1】______ofadvertswarnsthatexcessivedrinkerscouldriskhorrifying【B2】______,andtherecouldbehealthwarningsonbottlesofwine,orspirits.Thisisthegovernment'sfirstnationalalcohol【B3】______movement.Anactorinareporter【B4】______providesthedrama,theHollywoodentertainermanthen【B5】______theshockfactor.Despitetheinevitablethought,thepunchlineissurprisingly【B6】______.

"Drink,haveagoodtime!Butknowyourlimits!"The【B7】______audiences,consumersarcinthe18to24agerange.Thisiswhattheyoungpeoplethemselvesaresaying,thisiswhatwouldmakeadifferencetothebehavior.ofpeoplewhenthey'vehadtoomuchtodrink.Don'tthinkyou're【B8】______,knowyourlimits.Don'tpretendtobebrave.Whataboutthisthen?【B9】______.Butthedrinksindustrywouldn'taccepthard-hittingmessageslikethis.Wearemorelikelytoseeslogansaskingustobehavesensibly.

Still,【B10】______.Usingworldwidescientificresearch,thereportgivesascoreofZEROwithregardtoeffectiveness.Butitgoesontosaythatthesetechniquesdohaveasurprisingconsequencesincemediaapproachesareimportanttogainpublicsupportforpolicychanges.Sotheresearcherssaytheadsmaynotconvinceustodrinkless,【B11】______likestricterdrink-drivinglaws,highertaxesonalcohol,orrestrictionsonthesaleofalcohol.

【B1】

22.(15)

A.Theyboughtthemotorbike.

B.Theyhadnotime.

C.Theydidn'twantarefrigerator.

D.There'snothingwrongwiththeoldone.

23.

【B11】

24.(22)

A.Makingnewdiscoveriesintheelectronicsindustry.

B.Designingprinters.

C.Sellingprinters.

D.Lookingforsuccessfulproductsandfindoutthereasons.

25.(25)

A.Awebpageauthoringprogram.

B.Akindofbeverage.

C.Acomputergame.

D.Akindofsoftware.

26.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

听力原文：M:DoMichaelandJoehavesimilarinterests?

W:Yesandno.Theybothenjoycooking.They'vejuststartedbakingcakes.Theybothlikewatchingbaseball,buttheydon'tenjoyplayingit.ButMichaellikesswimming,andJoehatesit.AndJoeenjoyscamping,butMichaeldoesn't.

Q:Whichofthefollowingistrue?

(12)

A.MichaellikescookingbutJoedoesn't.

B.MichaellikescampingbutJoedoesn't.

C.JoelikesswimmingbutMichaeldoesn't.

D.MichaellikesswimmingbutJoedoesn't.

27.(35)

A.Musictheylikecanrelievedepressionbutdistractattention.

B.Musictheylikecanreducestressandimproveconcentration.

C.Classicalmusicandrock-and-rollincreasetheirheartrateandexpandthebreathing.

D.Wearingheadphonescanhelpconcentratewhentheyareperformingoperations.

28.(17)

A.He'steachingschoolthissummer.

B.He'sworkinghardsothathecanaffordtogotoNewYork.

C.Hemayhavedifficultyworkingandstudyingatthesametime.

D.Hedecidednottoattendsummerschool.

29.(28)

A.Shewasn'tabletoproduceasinglebook.

B.Shewasn'tabletohavearestforawholeyear.

C.Shehadn'tseenachangeforthebetter.

D.Shefoundhisdreamwouldnevercometrue.

30.听力原文：M:Youareontherighttrack.Butdon'tyouthinkitmightbebetterifyoucannarrowthetopicdown?

W:Yeah,youareright.IalwayschoosethesebroadareaswhenI'mdoingaresearchpaper.

Q:Whatwillthewomanprobablydo?

(14)

A.Makehertopicmuchmoregeneral.

B.Tofocusonanarrowertopic.

C.Changetoanentirelynewtopic.

D.Rewriteherresearchpaper.

31.(29)

A.Animals'extraordinaryabilitytopredictweather.

B.Someoldwaysofweatherpredicting.

C.Thewisdomofancientpeople.

D.Whyweshouldpaymorerespecttoanimals.

32.(36)

A.Anaggressivecommentonthecompany'spractice.

B.Asophisticatedopinionabouttheorganizationonewastryingtojoin.

C.Somethingthatwouldmakeone'sapplicationunique.

D.Auniversitydiploma.

33.听力原文：W:Hi,Jack.Tomorrow'sthebigday!YoumustbeexcitedaboutgoingtoFranceforyourfirstinternationalconference.

M:Thetrip,yes,butnotthepreparation.

W:Whatdoyouneedtodoexceptpack?

M:Youknowhowyoualwaysfeelsoawfulwheneveryoumakeabigchangeintimezones?ThistimeI'mtryingananti-jet-lagprogramsoI'llbealertevenforthefirstday'slectures.

W:Buthowcanyouavoidjetlag?Withthatlateflightandasix-hourdifferenceintime,it'sboundtotakeyouacoupleofdaystoadjust.

M:Wellthisprogram'ssupposedtogetyourbodytofeellikeit'sinthenewtimezonebeforeyouleave.Thetheoryisthatthefoodyoueatactuallytellsyourbodywhentobeactiveandwhentoberestful,sochangingyourdietcanhelpyoubeready'forthetimechange.Youhavetoalternatefeastingandfasting...youknowsometimeseatalot,sometimesjustalittle.

W:OK.NowIseewhyyou'renotenjoyingthepreparation.Ican'tquitepictureyoufasting!

M:Actuallytheworstisalreadyover.Twodaysbeforetheflight,you'resupposedtohaveonlylightmealsandlimityourselftoeighthundredcalories.

W:Thatmusthavebeentough.

M:Yeah,butI'mmakingupforittoday.Feastdayismuchbetter...thoughIstilldon'tgettoeatanysnacksafterdinner.

(23)

A.Newfoodstotrywhentraveling.

B.Makingreservationsforthebesttravel.

C.Avoidinggainingweightwhiletraveling.

D.Adjustingtotimechangeswhentraveling.

34.听力原文：M:Morning,Brenda.

W:Goodmorning,Mr.Browning.

M:Er,didyou,didyouputthatadinyesterday?

W:Yes,yesterdayafternoon.

M:Theadforajuniorsalesmanager,Imean.

W:Yes,itwentintotheStandardandtheEveningNews.

M:That'sgood.Erin,well...

W:Whatkindofpersonhaveyougotinmindforthisjob?

M:Oh,well,somebodyfairlyyoung,youknow,twentysomething,like21,or25.

Aman,Ithink.

W:Aman?

M:Wereallyneedamanfortheposition.Yes,Imean,it'sreallytoodemanding.Thesortofsituationstheygetintoaremuchtoodifficultforayoungwomantodealwith,erm...

W:Erm,whatsortofayoungmanhaveyougotinmind?

M:Oh,youknow,agoodeducation,polite,responsible,andeasytogetalongwith.

WhatIdon't,wantisoneofthoseyoungmenjustoutofuniversity,withexaggeratedideasofhisownimportance.

W:Yes,erm,whatsortofeducationareyouactuallylookingfor?

M:Well,youknow,acoupleofAlevels.MusthaveEnglish,ofcourse.

W:Yes,Ithinkyou'reaskingquitealot.Imeanyou'renotreallypreparedtopayall...

M:No,I'mnotpreparedtogivehimabigsalarytostartwith.Nevertheless,Iwantsomeonewithplentyofambition,plentyofdrive.Youknow,notlookingattheclockallthetime.

W:Wellsir,Iwishyouthebestofluckandhopeyouhavesomeverysuccessfulinterviews.

M:Well,yes?

W:BecausepersonallyIthinkyou'reaskinganawfullot.

(20)

A.Tointerviewafewjobapplicants.

B.Tofillavacancyinthecompany.

C.Toadvertiseforajuniorsalesmanager.

D.Toapplyforajobinamajornewspaper.

35.(31)

A.Theyappeartobetexturedlikewood.

B.Theyappeartobecoloredlikewood.

C.Theyappeartobesmoothandred.

D.Theyappeartobeshortandthick.

36.

【B10】

37.

【B7】

38.(46)

39.(18)

A.Themanisveryinterestedintheprograms.

B.Thewomandoesn'tlikealltheprograms.

C.Themanandwomanhavedifferenttaste.

D.Thewomanisinterestedinsomeoftheprograms.

40.听力原文：M:Let'sseeifthebasketballgamehasstartedyet.

W:Started?Itmustbeclearwho'swinningbynow.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

(13)

A.Theyhadbetterseewhoisnotwinning.

B.Thesameteamalwayswins.

C.Thegamebegansometimeago.

D.Nowitisagoodtimetostartplaying.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.Howlongcanthepaymentbeputoffwithoutbeingcharged?

42.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whataremanyAmericanparentsworriedabout?

A.Thepotentialphysicalproblemsofthekids.

B.Thehigherstandardsetbythefederalgovernment.

C.Astudycomingouteveryotherweek.

D.Theirchildren'semotionalorbehavioralproblems.

43.

Conventionalcomputermodelsoftheatmospherefailstopredictsuchashort-livedtornadobecause______.

A.thecomputerisnotusedtoforecastspecificlocalevents

B.thecomputersarenotadvancedenoughtopredictit

C.theweatherdatapeoplecollectareoftenwrong

D.weatherconditionsinsomesmallregionsarenotavailable

44.

What'sthegoalofAmericanparentstoraisechildren?

A.Togainmorefreedom.

B.Toshowrespecttotheirparents.

C.Tobeindependent.

D.Tounderstandthemeaningofafamily.

45.

Inghaminsiststhathertestimonyisbasedon______.

A.evidenceprovidedbytheEPAoftheUnitedStates

B.theresultsofanexperimentsheconductedherself

C.evidencefromhercollaborativeresearchwithGermanbiologists

D.theresultsofextensivefieldtestsinCorvallis,Oregon

46.

Whichisthebestwaytofindjobinformationaccordingtothepassage?

A.Youhavetogetintouchwithyourex-bossinordertogainhelpfromhim.

B.Youhavetooftenvisityourconsultantfortheinformation.

C.Youshouldregistertothegovernment.

D.Youshouldalwayscommunicatewithyourfriends.

47.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Theconceptofpersonalchoiceinrelationtohealthbehaviorsisanimportantone.Anestimated90percentofallillnessesmaybepreventableifindividualswouldmakesoundpersonalhealthchoicesbaseduponcurrentmedicalknowledge.Weallenjoyourfreedomofchoiceanddonotliketoseeitrestrictedwhenitiswithinthelegalandmoralboundariesofsociety.ThestructureofAmericansocietyallowsustomakealmostallourownpersonaldecisionsthatmayconcernourhealth.Ifwesodesire,wecansmoke,drinkexcessively,refusetowearseatbelts,eatwhateverfoodswewant,andliveacompletelysedentarylife-style.withoutanyexercise.Thefreedomtomakesuchpersonaldecisionsisafundamentalaspectofoursociety,althoughthewisdomofthesedecisionscanbequestioned.Personalchoicesrelativetohealthoftencauseadifficulty.Asoneexample,ateenagermayknowthefactsrelativetosmokingcigarettesandhealthbutmaybepressuredbyfriendsintobelievingitisthesociallyacceptedthingtodo.

Amultitudeoffactors,bothinheritedandenvironmental,influencethedevelopmentofhealth-relatedbehaviors,anditisbeyondthescopeofthistexttodiscussallthesefactorsastheymayaffectanygivenindividual.However,thedecisiontoadoptaparticularhealth-relatedbehavior.isusuallyoneofpersonalchoices.Therearehealthychoicesandthereareunhealthychoices.Indiscussingthemoralsofpersonalchoice,FriesandCrapodrewacomparison.Theysuggestthattoknowinglygiveoneselfovertoabehavior.thathasastatisticalprobabilityofshorteninglifeissimilartoattemptingsuicide.Thus,forthoseindividualswhoareinterestedinpreservingboththequalityandquantityoflife,personalhealthchoicesshouldreflectthosebehaviorsthatareassociatedwithastatisticalprobabilityofincreasedvitalityandlongevity.

Theconceptofpersonalchoiceconcerninghealthisimportantbecause______.

48.

By2030thegovernmentsindevelopedcountriesmayputanendtofixedretirementages______.

A.tosavethecurrentpensionsystem

B.toensurethebenefitsforhealthypensioners

C.torealizefullretirementbenefitssubstantially

D.torelievethepensionsburdenontheworkingpopulation.

49.Accordingtothepassage,theword"crosscut"(Line7,Para.2)mostprobablymeans_____.

A.scissoringB.editingC.reviseD.shortcut

50.

【C2】

51.

Whatconclusioncanwegetfromthepassage?

A.Engineeringaperfecthumanisnotfeasibleforthetimebeing.

B.It'simpossibleforscientiststoengineeraperfecttomato.

C.Manydiseaseswillneverbeconqueredbyhumanbeings.

D.DoctorswillbeabletocureallsortsofflawsinDNAinthelongrun.

52.

Intheexperiment,thevolunteerswerearrangedinsuchawaythat______.

A.onlyhalfmembersaregivencommercialfragrance

B.theydonotknowwhathasbeensprayedonthemselves

C.theyrealizedtheyarebeingcomparedinpsychologicaltests

D.volunteersreceivingscentpaidspecialattentiontotheirmovement

53.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

Nowadays,nodocumentissafeanymore.Counterfeiting,oncethedomainofskilleddeceiversthatusedexpensiveengravingandprintingequipment,hasgonemainstreamsincethepriceofdesktop-publishingsystemshasdropped.Inancienttimes,counterfeitingwasahangingoffence.Today,desktopcounterfeitershavelittlereasontoworryaboutprison,becausethesystemstheyuseareubiquitous(普遍存在的)andthereisnomeansoftracingforgeddocumentstothemachinethatproducedthem.This,however,maysoonchangethankstotechnologydevelopmentbyGeorgeChiu,ananti-counterfeitingengineer.

Hisapproachisbasedondetectingimperfectionsintheprintqualityofdocuments.Old-schoolcourtscientistswereabletotracedocumentstoparticulartypewritersbasedonquirks(沟槽)oftheindividualkeys.Heemploysasimilarapproach,exploitingthefactthattherotating(转动)drumsandmirrorsinsideaprinterareimperfectpiecesofengineeringwhich,leaveuniquepatternsofbandingintheirproducts.

Althoughthesepatternsareinvisibletothenakedeye,theycanbedetectedandanalyzedbycomputerprograms,anditisthesethatDr.Chiuhasspentthepastyeardevising.Sofar,hecannottraceindividualprinters,buthecan