初中定语从句讲解练习及答案

--一、定义：在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子,汉语中常用‘的’表示。主要由形容词担当,别的，名词,代词，数词，分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也能够来担当,也能够由一个句子来担当。单词作定语时往常放在它所修饰的词以前,作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。如:1)Thｅmanwholiｖｅsnextｔouｓisａpｏliceman.2)ＹｏumusｔdoｅvｅrythｉngthａtIdo．上面两句中的maｎ和everytｈiｎg是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后边。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that，wｈｉch,whｏ(宾格wｈo,所有格whose）和关系副词wｈere,ｗhen、why关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句２、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.whｏ指人，在从句中做主语(1)TheboyswhｏaｒeplayingfoｏtｂallareｆｒomCｌassOne.----(2)YｅstｅｒdaｙIhelｐｅｄａｎｏldmａｎwｈolosthiｓway．2.whoｍ指人，在定语从句中充任宾语，常可省略。(1)Ｍr.Ｌiuistｈepersoｎ(ｗhom)youtａlkｅdaｂｏuｔ.注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用ｗho代替，可省略。(3)Ｔｈｅmaｎwho/whｏｍyoumetjｕsｔnowｉsmyfｒieｎd.３.ｗｈich指物，在定语从句中做主语或许宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Fooｔbａｌｌｉsagａｍewhicｈislikedbymostboys.（ｗhich在句子中做主语）(２)Tｈisiｓｔｈepｅn（whicｈ)heboughtyesterｄay.（which在句子中做宾语)4.thａt指人时，相当于ｗho或许ｗhom；指物时，相当于whｉｃh。在宾语从句中做主语或许宾语，做宾语时可省略。（５)Ｔhepｅoplｅｔhａｔ/wｈocomｅtoｖｉsittｈｅcｉｔyaｒｅalｌheｒe.(在句子中做主语）(6)Ｗｈereistｈeｍａnthaｔ/whomIsawthismｏrnｉnｇ?(在句子中做宾语）5．whose往常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语(1)Ｈehasafrｉｅｎdwｈosefatｈerisadoｃtor．(2)Ilｉveｄinahoｕｓewｈoseroofhasfaｌleniｎ.----whose指物时,常用以下构造来代替（3）Ｔｈeclassroomｗｈosｅdoorisｂrｏkenｗillsoonberepａireｄ.=Thecｌasｓroomthedoorofwhｉchiｓbrｏkenwilｌsｏｏｎbｅrepａiｒｅｄ.(５)Doyouｌikethebｏokｗhoｓｅcoｌorｉsyeｌlｏｗ？＝Doyoｕｌikethebｏｏkｔhecｏｌoｒoｆｗhichｉsｙｅllow?注：that用法1)不用thaｔ的情况(ａ)在引导非限定性定语从句时。(错)Thetｒeｅ,thatｉsｆoｕrｈundredｙeａｒsｏlｄ,Ｉsveｒｙｆaｍouｓｈeｒe.(b）介词后不能用。Weｄependoｎtheｌandfｒｏmwhiｃhwｅｇeｔoｕrfｏod.Weｄepeｎdonｔhelandthat／whｉchwegetｏurｆooｄfrｏｍ．(2)只能用thａt作为定语从句的关系代词的情况（a)在theｒeｂｅ句型中,只用that,不用wｈicｈ。(b)在不定代词,如：anｙthing,nothｉnｇ，theｏne，ａlｌ等作先行词时，只用tｈaｔ,不用which。----(c)先行词有tｈｅoｎly,ｔhevｅrｙ，thｅsａｍe,thelasｔ,ｊuｓt修饰时,只用that。(ｄ)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用thａt,不能用which。.(e）先行词既有人，又有物时。(f）先行词指物,在主句中作表语时．为了防止重复．(h)先行词是theｗay或ｔheｒｅason时,that可作关系副词，也可省略(i)主句的主语是疑问词wｈｏ/ｗhiｃh时举例:Istｈisthebookｔhatyouｂorｒoｗeｄｉnthelibｒａry?这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗?Whｏｔhatｂreakｔhｅwinｄowshouldｂepｕniｓhed．谁打坏了窗户都要受到惩罚.Alｌthatｉsneedｅdiｓasupｐｌｙofoil.所需的只是供油问题。Fiｎaｌly，tｈｅｔhｉefhandedｅverytｈingthathｅhａｄstolenｔotheｐolice．----那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。三、关系副词引导定语从句关系副词关系副词:在句中作状语关系副词=介词+关系代词why=ｆorwｈｉchwheｒe＝in/ａt/on/...whｉch（介词同先行词搭配)when＝duriｎｇ/ｏｎ/iｎ/．..wｈich(介词同先行词搭配)ｗheｒｅ指地址，在定语从句中做地址状语用来表示地址的定语从句。（1)ShangｈaｉisthecitywheｒeIwasborn.(2)ThehousewhｅｒeIlｉveｄtenyearｓagoｈaｓbeenpｕlleddｏwn.?when引导定语从句表示时间。在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连结词用（１)IstiｌｌｒemｅmｂertheｄaｙｗｈｅnIfirsｔcametoｔhesｃｈooｌ．(２）Thetimewhenwegｏtｔogetherfｉｎallycａme.［注］表示时间“ｍtie"一词的定语从句只用wｈeｎ引导,有时不用任何关系代词,自然也不用thａｔ引导。BythｅｔimeyｏuａrrivedｉｎLondon,weｈadstaｙｅdthｅrefortwｏwｅｅks．----到你抵达伦敦的时候，我们在那边已经待了两个星期。IstillrｅｍｅmｂertｈｅfiｒsttimeImｅtｈer.我仍旧记得我第一次见到她。Ｅachtｉmｅhegoestｏｂusinesstriｐ，ｈebrinｇsalｏtoflｉvｉｎｇｎecessitieｓ，suchastowelｓ,soａp,tootｈｂrushetｃ。每一次他去出差,他带来了生活必需品,如毛巾，肥皂,牙刷等，好多。３．ｗhy指原因在定语从句中做原因状语(1)Pleaｓetellmｅtheｒeａｓｏnwhｙyouｍiｓｓｅｄtｈeplａne.（2)Iｄon’ｔｋｎoｗｔｈeｒeaｓoｎｗhｙｈｅlｏoksｕnhappytodａy．注意：关系副词引导的从句能够由“介词＋关系代词”引导的从句替换(1)Ｔhｅreａsoｎwhy/ｆｏrwｈichherｅfusedtｈｅｉｎvitａtiｏniｓnotclear,(２）Ｆｒoｍtheyearwhen／inｗhichhewasｇｏｉngtoschooｌhebegantokｎｏwｗhathewantｅdｗhenhegrｅｗuｐ.注：1)介词后边的关系代词不能省略。２）that前不能有介词。----某些在从句中充任时间，地址或原因状语的＂介词+关系词"构造能够同关系副词when,whｅre和why交换。ThiｓｉｓthehoｕsｅｉｎwｈicｈIliｖｅｄtwoyearsａｇo.ThｉｓisthehｏuｓｅｗｈｅｒｅIlｉvedtwoyearsaｇo.Doｙoureｍemｂｅｒtｈedａyoｎwhｉｃhyoujoｉｎedourclub?Dｏyouremｅmｂerｔhedaywｈｅnｙoujoinedoｕrcｌub？Ｔhｉsisthereaｓoｎwhｙhecamｅlate.Thisiｓｔhｅreaｓｏnｆｏrwhiｃhhecaｍeｌａte．----练习（一)请剖析一下定语从句：（请划出定语从句，并标出先行词)1.ChｅckthewaysｙoustudｙｆorａｎEngｌisｈtest．２.AnｏtｈeｒtｈiｎgtｈatIfoｕnｄｖerydifｆicultwasEngliｓhgｒaｍmar.３.Ｙoucoｕldn’ｔundeｒsｔａｎdpｅｏpleｗhotalkeｄfasｔ．4.Ihaveｓｏmｅiｄeastｈaｔｍayheｌp.5．Theｙsaｉdsoｍeｔｈiｎgyｏｕdidn’ｉtlkｅ．Caｎｙouｔhinkoｆａnｙproblｅmsｙouhavehａdrｅceｎtly?8．HeｗoｕlｄalwaystakｅｐｒiｄｅｉnｅｖerｙｔｈｉnggoodIdｏ.9.MyfrienｄsandItalkedaｂouttheruｌeｓthatweｈａｖｅiｎschｏol．10．Wｈataｒeｓomeoftheｒulesthaｔａteenａgershoｕldobｅｙ?12.Ifyoukｎowaｎyoneｅlseｗhｏcollectｓｔhｅm,pｌｅasｅｔelｌmｅ.----13.Sｔａnｄingveｒycloｓｅtotｈepersonyouaｒetalkingｗiｔｈisqｕiteｃomｍoｎinsoｍeｃountries.１４．Ｉｆｙouknowsｏmｅoneｙouｋｎowdoｉnｇｔｈｉs，yｏｕｃaｎasｋｔheｍ.15．AllＩevｅrｗantｅｄｔｏdowasｔravｅling．二、用关系代词填空:thａt、whｉch、who、whom、ｗｈｏseThｉsisｔhｅman＿＿___＿＿_wａntｓtｏseeyｏu.２.Thｅstudent_＿＿_＿_＿_＿__ａnsweｒｅdｔheqｕestionｉｓZhaｎgHua.３．Ｔhemaｎ______＿_＿＿youwenｔtoseｅhascomｅ.４.Theman___＿___＿＿_＿Ｉｍetyｅｓterdayleｎｔmesomemｏｎey.５.Ｔheｗｏmａn____＿___＿___＿__yousaｗisouｒgeｏgraphyteacher．6.Thｅrunｎer_＿_____＿＿_______ｙoｕaｒeａsｋｉngaboｕtisoverｔheｒｅ.7．Thepersｏn_＿_＿_＿______＿_yousｈouldｗrｉtetoisMr．Ｂａll.8.Themaｎ_______＿_＿_wasｐaｓsingｂｙsａｗｗhathaｐpenｅd.9.Heｒｅｉstｈepen＿_____＿__youlosｔｔｈedaybeforeｙesteｒdaｙ.----Tｈesｅbooks_＿___________ｙouｌeｎtｍewereveryusefuｌ.11.Tｈeｓtorｙｂook__＿____＿____Ihavejustreaｄcannotｂｅeａsilyforｇｏｔｔeｎ.１２.Aｃlｏｃkｉsamaｃhｉne__＿___tellｓｐｅopleｔhetｉme.13．Thiｓiｓsｈｉｒt＿_＿＿＿___＿__＿__＿Ibｏughtyesterday.14.Adictionaｒyisａbook＿＿_________＿_gｉｖeｓｔhemｅaninｇtｏtｈeｗord．１５．Ｔｈｅbook____＿__＿＿_＿_isontheｔaｂleiｓmine．16.Thefｉlm__________＿_theyaｒｅtalkiｎgabｏutｉsverｙinterestinｇ.１7.Iｗillｎｅｖeｒforｇettｈepｅoｐlｅａndｔｈeplaces__＿＿_Ihａvｅevｅｒvisiｔed.1８.Isthereaｎｙoｎｅ＿＿_________＿fａｍilyｉｓinBｅｉjinｇ？19.Sｈｏｗmetｈebｏｙ＿__＿__＿_____＿_moｔｈerｉsawｅll-kｎownsｉnｇer.20．Ｔｈeｂoy____＿＿fatherisaｔeacｈerisｇooｄａtEngｌish．三、单项选择()1.YourtｅaｃhｅrofＣhｉneseｉｓayounglady＿__＿comeｓfromＢeiｊing．A.whｏ??B.whｉchC.whomD.ｗhoｓe()２.What’ｔsｈenamｅｏfｔheprogram_＿______.----A.whｉchareｌiｓｔｅｎingＢ．youarｅlisteningｔｏC.tothatｙoｕarelisteｎiｎgD.ｔhatyoｕarelistenｉnｇ（）3.Thｅｓtｕdentswｅｒeａllｉntｅrested____youtoｌｄtｈｅｍyestｅrdaｙ.Ａ.inwhichB.ｉntｈatthisC.allｔhat?D．ｉｎeveｒｙｔhｉnｇ()4.Hｅwasｔheonlｙpersoninhｉsoffｉce＿__＿__wasinvited．A．ｗhom?B.wｈoseC.thａt?D.wｈｉch()5．Tｈisiｓthemuseuｍ____＿_weｖiｓiｔedlastyear.A．wｈerｅB.iｎwhich?Ｃ.which?D.ｉｎthat(）６.Charlietolｄｈｉｓｍｏthｅrall__＿_ｈａｄｈａpｐｅned．A.tｈａt?Ｂ.whａtＣ.wｈich??D.who()7．Doyｏuknoｗtｈeｓｔudent_＿＿＿_？A．whomIofｔentalkB.wｉthwhoIoftｅnｔaｌｋC.Iofｔentalｋwith?D．tｈatＩofｔentalk（)8.Ilｉkethehoｕse_＿__＿ｗｉndowsfacesouth.A.whｏｓｅ?Ｂ.ｗho’s?C.it＇ｓ??D.itｓ----()9．Wouldyoｕteｌlmｅwheretoｇetthｅdｉctionａry__＿__?Ａ.whatInｅｅdＢ．Ｉneeｄ?C.whicｈInｅｅditD．ｔｈaｔIｎｅｅdit()10.Tｈｅyounｇｗoman_＿__＿Isｐokejustnowisaｙounｇdｏctoｒ.A.wｈo?B.ｔowｈomC.whom??D.thaｔ?练习(二)1.Ｄoｎ’tｔalkaｂoutsｕchthｉｎgsof___＿___ｙouaｒenｏtsure．A.whｉchB．whatＣ.ａｓD．thｏse５.Thewolｖeshiｄthｅmseｌｖｅsiｎｔｈｅplaces_＿_＿_____＿couldｎ’tbｅfｏｕnd.A.tｈatＢ.wｈerｅC.inwｈichD．iｎｔhａt６.Thefreeｚｉngpointisthｅtemperatuｒｅ__＿＿＿＿＿＿__waterｃhanｇｅsiｎtoice.A.atｗhiｃｈB.oｎtｈatC.inwhichD.ｏfｗhat７．Ｔhisbｏoｋwillshｏwｙoｕ＿____＿____caｎbeusｅｄiｎotｈerｃontｅxts..A.howｙｏuhaveobｓerｖedB.whatyouｈaveｏbｓervｅdＣ.thatyouｈaｖｅｏbservedD.hｏwtｈａtｙouhavｅobｓerｖｅd８.Thｅreasonis_＿_＿__＿___ｈｅisunableｔｏoperateｔhemaｃhine.----A．beｃauseB.whｙＣ.thatD.whｅther9.I’llｌteｌyou_______＿__heｔoldmｅｌastｗeeｋ.A.allwhｉchＢ.thａｔC.aｌlｔhatＤ.which10.Thattree，＿___＿_＿＿＿_braｎchｅｓarｅalmostｂａre,isverｙold．A.whｏseＢ.ｏfwｈichＣ.inwhｉchD.oｎwｈｉｃh１1.Ihaveｂoughtｔhesaｍｅdreｓs__________sheｉswｅaring.A．asB.ｔhaｔＣ.whｉｃhD．wｈat12.Hｅfaｉｌedintheｅxａｍｉｎatioｎ,＿______＿＿_mａdeｈisfathervｅryangry.A.wｈicｈB.itＣ．ｔhatD.wｈａt１3.Wｅ’ｒｅtａlkｉngabouｔthｅｐianoａnｄｔｈepianist＿_＿_＿＿_weｒeinｔheｃoncertｗeatｔeneｄｌastnｉght.Ａ.wｈiｃｈB.whｏmＣ.ｗhoD.ｔhat14.Thegiｒｌ_＿_＿__＿_ａnEｎgliｓhｓoｎginｔhenexｔｒoomｉsTom’ssiｓter.A.ｗhoissingｉｎgB．ｉssingingＣ.ｓangＤ.ｗassｉｎginｇ１5.Ｔhose_____＿＿notonlyfroｍbookｓbuｔａlｓothｒoughprａcｔicewillsucceeｄ.----Ａ.learnＢ.ｗhoＣ.thatleaｒnsD．wｈoleaｒn１6．Aｎyｏne____＿＿__thisoｐiｎｉoｎmayspｅakouｔ.A．ｔhatａｇａｉｎstＢ．ｔhatagaiｎstC.wｈoisａgａinｓtD.wｈoarｅaｇaiｎｓｔ1７．Dｉdn’ｔｙouseｅtｈeman_＿______？A.IｎｏddedjustnowＢ.wｈoｍInoddedjuｓtnowC.InoｄdｅdtｏｈｉmjustnowD.Inoddｅdtｏjustnow1８.Ｃaｎyoulenｄmeｔｈeｎｏvel_____＿theotheｒday？A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkeｄaboutitC．ｗhichyｏutａlｋeｄwitｈD.youtａlkeｄabout19.Ｉstｈereanyｔhiｎg＿______toyoｕ？A．thatisｂｅlongeｄB.thatｂeｌｏnｇsC.thaｔbeｌｏngD.whicｈbeｌoｎgs20.-－--“Howdｏyoｕliketｈeｂook?”--－－“It’sｅquitdiｆfeｒentfroｍ_＿_____Ireadlastmoｎth.”A.thatB.wｈichC.theoｎeD.theｏnewhat21.Mr．Ｚhanggavethｅｔeｘtbookｔｏalｌｔhepｕpilsｅxｃept_______ｗhoｈadalreadytａｋeｎｔ----hｅm.A.theonesＢ.ｏneｓＣ.ｓomeＤ.theotｈerｓ2２．Thetrａin__＿____shewaｓtｒａvelｌｉngwaｓlaｔe．Ａ.whichB.whereC．onwhiｃhD.inｔｈat23．Heｈaslostｔhekeytｏtｈedrａｗeｒ___