2023新高考新教材版英语高考第二轮复习-十一　阅读补全

2023新高考新教材版英语高考第二轮复习

专题十一阅读补全

Passage1

Imagineyou'reabouttosubmitanapplicationtoyourdreamschoolandsuddenly,yourheartstarts

pounding（狂跳）：DidImakeawisedecisionchoosingthismajor?1?Toavoidthissituation,follow

thesesteps.

Whatsubjectsinterestyou?Anautomaticanswermaybethesubjectinwhichyougetthehighestscore._

2_.Ifyouhadtotakeoneclass,whatwoulditbe?Whenyouhavefreetime,whatkindsofbookswillyou

pickupandread?Youranswersmayhintatwhatyou'retrulyinterestedin.

3.Forexample,artificialintelligence,biomedicalscienceandmechanicalengineeringaresomeofthe

mostpromisingcurrentmajors.

Nowtakeacloserlookattheabovetwosteps.Forexample,maybeyoufindyourselfhookedwhenyou're

learningaboutcomputerscience,andartificialintelligenceappearstobeofgreatimportanceintheworldas

well.4.Theremaybeafew,butdon'tworry.Westillhaveonemorestep.

Checkyourdreamschool'sadmissionrequirements.Forexample,Pvebeeninterestedinbothpsychologyand

education,butapparentlypsychologyhashigherrequirementsforadmission.5.

Grabapenandstartcreatingyourowndesirablemajor.

A.No,thinkhard

B.Markthemboth

C.WhatifI'mwrong

D.Whataboutseekingadvicefrommyparents

E.Ifyouhavemanyideasinmind,listthemalldown

F.Comparativelyspeaking,educationwouldbeasmarterchoice

G.Writedownwhatyoubelievewillbemostindemandinthefuture

冬蜜

［语篇解读］本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了选择自己心仪的专业的几个步骤。

第1页共43页

1.C细节句。根据上文（选择这个专业，我作出明智选择了吗?）以及下文（为了避免这种情况.要遵循这

些步骤。）可知，设空处仍然是写作者担心的问题，故选C项（如果我错了该怎么办）。

2.A过渡句。上句意为“一个自动的答案可能是你得分最高的科目”，下文提及两个应该考虑的问题，故

设空处与上句存在逻辑上的转折关系，故选A项（不，要努力想一想）。

3.G主旨句。下句（例如，人工智能、生物医学科学、机械工程学都是目前最有发展前景的专业中的一

些。）与6项（写下你认为未来需求最大的专业）相对应。

4.B细节句。B项中的“themboth”（它们两个）代指上文提到的“computerscience"和"artificial

intelligence”两个专业，故选B。

5.F细节句。F项中的“education”与上句中的“educatio屋为词汇复现现象,并且比较心理学与教育学这

两个专业,smarter与上文higher相对应，故选F。

Passage2

HowtoInspireYourselftoAchieveTopSuccess

Often,manypeoplerisetosuccessfulheightsandfall,nevertospringbackup.1

Hereareafewwaystoinspireyourselftoachievetopsuccess.

Berealisticaboutyourgoals.Manypeopleacceptgoal-settingasoneoftheprimarystepsinanysuccessful

journey.Whilegoal-settingisthefirststeptosuccess,doingitthewrongwaycansetyouseveralstepsback

andmakeyourjourneystressful.2

3Ideation（观念形成）involvestheformationofnewideasandconceptsandisanessentialprocessin

findingnewwaystocompleteyoursuccessfuljourney.Theprocessdoesn'tendafterdreamingofnewideas.

Goingfurthertowritethemdownandbrainstormingcanhelpyouadjustthem.Notethatwell-constructed

ideascanmakeeffortsmoremanageable,especiallywhensolvingaproblem.Asexpertsalwayssay,“Define

theproblemwell,andthesolutionwillpresentitself.,,

Knowwhentomultitaskandwhentodeepfocus.It5sappealingtoengageinmultipletaskstogetthingsdone.

4_However,sometasksmayrequireextremefocusing.Seasoneddesignandwritingprofessionalsoften

takethisapproach.J.K.Rowling,forexample,spendsmanyweeksawayfromregularlifeinwritingher

books.

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Meditate（冥想）whenyoucan.5You'relikelytoproduceverylittleresultswhenyourmindisblocked

andtired.Meditationisagreatwaytoregenerateandfacilitateyourrestorationprocess.

A.Dreamoftheproblems.

B.Writedownideasandbrainstorm.

C.Itpaystosetrealisticandmeasurablegoals.

D.That'sthereasonwhyweneedtorisetosuccess.

E.Restingthemindcanbeanotherformofinspiration.

F.Multitaskingmaynotbeabadwayofclearingyourdeskandgeneratingresults.

G.That'sbecauserisingtosuccessisonethingandmanagingthesuccessfulstageanother.

答案

［语篇解读］本文为说明文。文章就如何激励自己取得最大成功给出了几种方法。

1.G细节句。G项中的“risingtosuccess”与上句中的“risetosuccessful”为词汇复现现象并且两句为因

果关系。

2.C细节句。C项中的“realistic”“goak”与小标题中的“realistic”“goals”为词汇复现现象。此处强调要

设置现实的目标。

3.B主旨句。根据上下文可知，设空处为主旨句且需用祈使句，故从A、B两项中作出选择。B项中的

“ideas”“brainstorm”与下文出现的“ideas”“brainstorming”为词汇复现现象。

4.F过渡句。F项中的“Multitasking”与上句中的“multipletasks”为词汇复现现象。并且F项承接上句,

并与下句为转折关系，过渡自然。

5.E细节句。E项（放松思想可以是另一种激励方式）中的“Restingthemind”与“Meditate（冥想）”为词汇

复现现象。同时“themind”也对应下文中的“yourmind”。

Passage3

BeaGreenGuest

Whenpeopletakeavacation,theyoftentakevacationfromresponsibility,too.Ourbehaviorathotelsisone

ofthebiggestproblems.Wehaveourlinen（亚麻织品）washeddailyforus,andareprovidedwithanendless

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streamofhotwater-what'snottoloveaboutthat?Butallofthisluxuryequalsseriousconsequencesforthe

environment.1Theyofferprogramsandfacilitiesthatsavewaterandenergy.That'sagoodstart,but

thereisalotmoreyoucandotocutdownontheamountofwasteproducedeverywhere.

•2.

InAmericaalone,thereareabout50,000hotels.Nowthinkifhotelmanagementleavesouttwosmallbottles

foreachhotelroomeveryday,that'sahugeamountoflittleplasticbottlesthatmaynotevengetrecycled.

Andwhataboutallofthatshampoowhenyoudon'tfinishthebottle?Abetterwayistobringyourown

shampoofromhome.

•Turnoffthelights.

Youdoitwhenyou'reathome,right?Doitatthehotel,too.Studieshaveshownthat,inhotels,themajority

ofenergyspentonlightingcomesfromthebathroomlightbeingleftonformorethanonehour!3,

remembertohittheswitch!

•Don'thaveyoursheetsortowelswashedeveryday.

Sure,it'saluxurytohavelinenandtowelscleanedeveryday,butthat9sallitis.Washingasetofbedsheets

andapairofbathroomtowelsrequiresabout12-16gallonsofwater.Seeifthereisapolicyonrequesting

thatyourtowelsandlinengetwashedweekly.Insomehotels,it'sassimpleashangingtowelsbackupona

hook.4.

Thesetipsarealsousefulfortripstoafriend'sorarelative'shouse.5.Theywillalsosaveyourhostsa

lotofmoney.

A.Thinkaboutbathroomfacilities

B.Justsay“no"tohotelshampoos

C.Whenyou'reusingthebathroom

D.Afteryou'redonewithyourbusiness

E.Theywillsaveplastic,water,andelectricity

F.Moreandmorehotelsarebecomingeco-friendly

G.Inothers,youmayaskthefrontdeskforapersonalrequest

答案

［语篇解读］本文为说明文。文章主要介绍如何在度假时做一个环保的人。

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1.F过渡句。下句（它们会提供节水、节能的项目和设施。）中的“They”指代“hotels”（宾馆），故选F项

（越来越多的宾馆变得环保了）另外“eco-fHendly”呼应上句中的“equalsseriousconsequencesforthe

environment”（意味着给环境带来严重后果）。

2.B主旨句。根据上下文可知，设空处为主旨句且需用祈使句，故从A、B两项中作出选择。B项中的

“shampoos”与下文出现的“shampoo”为词汇复现现象。

3.D细节句。上文提到浴室灯不关常会超过一个小时，“当你做完自己的事情后，一定要记得按下开关

按钮”与上文衔接自然，故选D项。

4.G细节句。上句中的“Insomehotels”（在一些宾馆）对应G项中的“Inothers”（在另一些宾馆）。

5.E细节句。下句中的“Theywillalsosave”与E项中的“Theywillsave”为句式和词汇复现现象。

Passage4

Boostingyouremotionalquotient,orEQ,involvesidentifyingandmanagingyourownemotions,aswell

asevaluatingandcontrollingthewayinwhichyoureacttothoseofothers.1Itcanalsoimproveyour

relationshipswithlovedonesandyoursocialinteractions.Herearesometipsyoucanusetostartimproving

yourEQ.

•Identifyyouremotions.

Identifyingyouremotionstakespracticeandisanimportantfoundationalstepinbuildingemotionalquotient.

RegularlyrecognizingandnamingyouremotionsthroughoutthedayisagoodwaytodevelopyourEQ.2

Youcouldevengoastepfurther,andtrytodeterminehowthepresenceofcertainemotionsaffectsyour

behaviorandproductivity.

•Consideryourresponse.

3Takingresponsibilityforthewayyoubehavetowardsothersand,possiblyevenmoreimportantly,

howyoutreatyourself,isacrucialaspectofemotionalquotient.

•4

EmpathyisacornerstoneofEQ.Itisdefinedastheabilitytoidentifyandsharethethoughts,feelingsor

emotionalstatesofanotherperson.Alittleempathygoesalongway.Itisimportanttodemonstrateempathy

towardspeopleotherthanjustthosewithwhomyoufinditeasytogetalong.

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•Listenactively.

Engageinthemomentandacknowledgewhatotherpeoplearesaying.5Activelisteninginvolves

askingopen-endedquestionssuchas"When?”“How?”“Doyoumean...?^^or“Couldyoutellmeabitmore

aboutthat?”.Activelisteningalsocallsfbravoidingquestionsthatwouldgetonlya“yes”or“no”response.

Developingyouremotionalquotientcannotonlyhelpyoureduceyourstress,butalsoleaveyouwithmore

timetoconnectwith,andcontinuouslyimproveyourrelationshipswith,thosearoundyou.

A.Showyourcare.

B.Putyourselfinotherpeople'sshoes.

C.Youjustdon'tknowwhattheymightbegoingthrough.

D.Youmustrememberyoucanchoosehowyoureacttoasituation.

E.Besides,tryingtoidentifyexactlyhowyouarefeelingcandothetrick.

F.Trytoavoidjustwaitingforyourturntotalkaboutyourselfandyourstory.

G.Exploringandimprovingtheseskillscanhelpyoutosucceedinyourcareer.

答案

［语篇解读］本文为说明文。文章就如何提高情商提出了四点建议。

1.G细节句。G项（探究并提高这些技能有助于你在事业上取得成功）与下句（它还可改善……）为递进

关系，都说明了发展这些技能的好处。

2.E细节句。E项中的“identifyexactlyhowyouarefeeling”与标题"Identifyyouremotions.”为词汇复现

现象，本段紧扣emotions,故选E项。

3.D过渡句。D项（你必须记住你可以选择如何对一种情形作出反应）与小标题（考虑你的反应）相对应,

并承接下文。

4.B主旨句。根据上下文可知，设空处为主旨句且需用祈使句，故从A、B两项中作出选择。B项（设

身处地为他人着想）与设空处下句（共鸣是情商的基石）对应。

5.F细节句。根据小标题（积极倾听）和设空处上句（参与到当下并认可其他人正在说的话）可知,设空处

应是积极倾听的具体做法。故选F项（尽量避免只是等待轮到你谈论你自己和你的故事）。

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Passage5

Trafficcongestionisaseriousproblemincitiesworldwide.Therearesimplytoomanyvehicles

competingfortoolittlespace.ThecompanyTomTom,whichdoesresearchontrafficincitiesworldwide,

estimatedthatin2015theaveragecommuterwasted100hoursduringtheeveningrushhouralone.In

additiontowastingpeople'stime,trafficjamshavemanyothernegativeeffects.1

Trafficjamshavenegativeeffectsondrivers,citiesandtheenvironment.Tobeginwith,theycausestressto

drivers,whichmayleadtohealthproblemsorroadrage.2.Trafficcongestionwastesfuel,whichinturn

producesmorecarbondioxidethroughcarexhaustandcontributestothegreenhouseeffect.

3,itisimportantforcitiesandgovernmentseverywheretotakestepstoreduceroadcongestion.The

mostobvioussolutionsinvolveengineering.Thismeansbuildingmoreroadswithwiderlanessothatmore

carscantravelatthesametime.However,thecostsofengineeringsolutionsareextremelyhigh.

Therefore,amorepopularsolutionisneeded.4.Forexample,ferries,cyclesandundergroundtrainsare

included.Onesuggestionistoencouragepeopletocyclemore.Althoughcyclinghasobvioushealthbenefits

anddoesnotpollutetheair,itisnotpracticalineveryclimateandcanprovedangerousinheavytraffic.

Overall,citiesareusingavarietyofmethodstotackletheproblemoftrafficcongestion.5.Weshould

encouragealternativeformsoftransportbecausetheyreducetheamountoftrafficontheroadsandalsohave

apositiveeffectontheenvironment.

A.Becauseoftheseseriouseffects

B.Owingtoinconveniencesforsomepeople

C.Itwouldbetopromoteotherformsoftransport

D.Anotherpossibilityistopersuadepeopletousebuses

E.Mostofthemhaveadvantagesaswellasdisadvantages

F.Moreover,trafficcongestionnegativelyaffectstheenvironment

G.Therefore,governmentseverywhereareworkinghardtofindsolutionstothisproblem

分口宓木

［语篇解读I本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了交通堵塞的不良影响以及应对方法。

1.G细节句。上句（除了浪费人们的时间之外.交通堵塞还有许多其他不良影响。）与6项（因此，各地政

府正在努力寻求解决这个问题的方案）构成因果关系。

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2.F过渡句。F项中的“Moreover”对应上句中的“Tobeginwith","negativelyaffectstheenvironment，叹寸

应下句中的“thegreenhouseeffect”,承上启下过渡自然。

3.A过渡句。A项中的“theseseriouseffects”与上文中的“negativeeffects”相对应，并与设空处后的内容

（各地的城市与政府采取措施减少道路堵塞是很重要的）构成因果关系。

4.C细节句。C项中的“otherformsoftransport”（其他交通形式）对应下句中的“ferries,cyclesand

undergroundtrains”（渡船、骑行、地铁）。

5.E细节句。E项中的"them”代指上句中的“avarietyofmethods”。

Passage6

HowtoBeaGoodUpstairsNeighbor

Onemustremembertobepolitewhenlivinginanapartmentbuilding.Youmayunintentionallybotheryour

neighborswithactionsthatyouthinktobeharmless.]Livingupstairs,youmustalwaysbeawarethat

everythingyoudomaybeheardbythosewholivebelow.Thisdoesn'tmeanthatyouhavetocompletely

changeyourlifestyle,though.

2Thiswillgreatlyreducethesoundofyourfootsteps,thuslimitingthesoundyourdownstairsneighbor

willhear.Youshouldalwaysremembertochangeyourshoeswhenenteringyourapartmenttoensurethat

yourdownstairsneighbordoesn'thearyouwalkingaround.

Placecarpetsinyourapartmentifyouhavehardwoodfloors.Doingsoisanotherwaytodecreasethesound

ofstepscomingfromanupstairsapartment.Youcanalsoputyourfurnitureonthesecarpets.3

Closeyourwindowswhenyoucan.Afloorisusuallyaboutthreemetershigh,soit'squiteeasytohearyour

conversations.4Therefore,wheneveryouarewatchingTVorlisteningtoaradio,trytokeepyour

windowsclosedasmuchaspossible.

Doyourcleaningonweekendafternoons.5Doingsuchhouseworkat3:00pmonaSaturdayismuch

betterthandoingsoat9:30onaTuesdaynight.

A.Wearslipperswhileinyourupstairsapartment.

B.Itbecomesmucheasierwhenyourwindowsareopen.

C.Nomatterwhatyoudo,consideryourneighbor'srequirements.

D.There91!beatimewhenyouwillrunacleanertocleanyourroom.

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E.Thisisespeciallytrueforthosepeoplewholiveaboveanapartment.

F.Itwilldisturbyourdownstairsneighborwhohastoworkthenextmorning.

G.Thiskeepsyourfurniturefrommovingaround,thuslimitingnoiseadownstairsneighbormayhear.

分口宓木

［语篇解读］本文为说明文。文章就如何成为一个不错的楼上邻居提出了四条建议。

1.E过渡句。上句（你认为的无害的行为可能会无意中给你的邻居造成麻烦。）与£项（对于生活在楼

上的人来说尤为如此）对应。“liveabovean叩artment”与下句中的“Livingupstairs”为词汇复现现象，过渡

自然。

2.A主旨句。根据上下文可知，设空处为主旨句且需用祈使句，故选A。下句中的“This”指代A项中的

“Wearslippers（穿拖鞋厂这件事。

3.G细节句。G项中的“yourfurniture”与上句中的“yourfurniture”为词汇复现现象。“This”指代上句中

的“putyourfurnitureonthesecarpets（把家具放在这些地毯上）”这件事。

4.B细节句。B项中的“windows”“ope屋分别与小标题中的“windows”“Close”相对应，同时出”指代上句

中的“hearyourconversations（听到你们的对话）“这件事。

5.D细节句。D项“你会有一段使用吸尘器打扫房间的时间”对应小标题“在周末下午打扫卫生”，并且

下文中的“Doingsuchhousework"就悬旨代"runacleanertocleanyourroom”这件事。

Passage7

Goodsportsmanshipisoneofthemostimportantlessonsthatyourkidscanlearnfromthecompetition.

Buthowdoyouteachyourkidsgoodsportsmanship?Herearesometips.

Setagoodexample.Thefirstrolemodelthatyourkidswillhaveingamesisyou.Whatbehavioryoumodel

willhavethebiggestinfluenceonyourkids.1Bydoingso,yourkidswilllearnfromyouunconsciously

andgainmorepopularity.

2Thecoachisalwayslookingforthebestdecisionforthegoodofthewholeteam.3Yourkidsmay

feelupsetatfirst.Butshowinggoodsportsmanshipmeansplacingtheteam'sneedsabovetheirown,soyou

shouldteachyourkidstotrustthecoach'sjudgement.

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Rememberyouaretheparent,notthecoach.Yourjobasaparentisdifferentfromajobasacoach.Asa

parent,youaretheretoguideallofyourkids'experiencesandnotfocusondemandingperformance.

However,ifyouseeacoachdemandingtoomuch,speakup.4

Maintainagoodattitudetobothwinningandlosing.Goodsportsmanshipalsorequiresapositiveattitudeto

boththevictoryandthedefeat.Pushingyourkidstoohardmaydrivethemtoquit.5It'salsoagoodidea

tofindpositiveplaystotalkaboutanddiscusslessonstobelearnedafter.

A.Teachyourkidstoputteamsfirst.

B.Tellyourkidstolistentothecoach.

C.However,findingagoodrolemodelisnotaneasyjob.

D.Afterall,youarealsoanadvocateforyourkidsifneeded.

E.Thismeanstheroleofyourkidsmaybereducedorchanged.

F.Youneedtobenicetoallpeopleonthecourt,eventheopponents.

G.Instead,whatevertheresultsare,alwaystellthemyouareproudofthem.

答案

［语篇解读］本文为说明文。良好的体育精神是孩子从比赛中获得的最重要的经验教训之一。那么如

何让你的孩子拥有良好的体育精神呢?文章就此提出了一些建议。

1.F细节句。F项（你需要善待赛场上的每一个人,甚至是对手）与设空处后的句子（通过这样做，你的孩

子会潜意识地向你学习,会更受欢迎。）相呼应。

2.B主旨句。根据上下文可知，设空处为主旨句且需用祈使句，故从A、B两项中作出选择。B项中的

“coach”与下文出现的“coach”为词汇复现现象。

3.E过渡句。设空处后的句子（你的孩子一开始可能会感到难过。）与E项（这就意味着你的孩子的角

色可能会被减少或改变）呼应，教练的决定让孩子难过，前后过渡自然。

4.D细节句。上句（然而，如果你看到教练要求过于苛刻，要明确说出来。）与口项（毕竟，如果需要的话，

你也是孩子的拥护者）呼应，构成因果关系。

第10页共43页

5.G细节句。该段主旨为对赢和输都保持一个好态度，上句（把你的孩子逼得太紧可能会驱使他们放

弃。）与6项（相反，无论什么结果，都要告诉孩子你为他们骄傲）构成转折关系。G项中的“them”指代上

句中的“yourkids”。

Passage8

Therearesomanydogswhoarestuckinsheltersorinfostercare（寄养照管）andthatarelookingfora

foreverhome.

Don'tLetDogsAlwaysBeOutside

Ownersshouldavoidleavingtheirdogsoutsideforallhoursforseveralreasons.Stayingoutinthesunfortoo

longcancausethemtogetthirsty.1becauseitleavesthemfeelingseverelyuncomfortable.Agoodfixis

toinstalladogdoor,soyourdogcanchooseiftheywanttobeoutsideorinside.

AcceptTheirPersonalityChanges

Somedogownersmaynotrealizethatit'scommonfordogs'personalitiestochangeovertime.Theymay

havebeenafriendly,energeticpuppyandgrowuptobeashydogwhodoesn'tlikebeingaroundothers._

2_,avoidblamingthem.Ownerscan'tchangetheirdogsovernightanditcansometimesbeimpossibleto

altertheirpersonalitiestomakethemsomeonethey'renot.3,andseekaprofessionaltofindoutifit9s

possibletoavoidanyharmfulbehavior.

TryNottoPushThemovertheEdge

Ownersneedtopayattentiontosignstheirdogsmayshowiftheyarescaredandtakecareofthesituation

accordingly.4.Instanceswherethismayoccurarethroughtraining,beingaroundnewpeopleoranimals,

orgoingforarideinthecar.

DoNotLeaveYourDogintheCar

Dogsshouldneverbeleftinthecaralone,especiallywiththewindowsrolledup.5,hewillbecharged

withanimalcruelty.Thisisbecausedogscangetsickandevensufferfatalconsequencesduetobeingleftin

eitheraveryhotorcoldcar.Animalsafetyexpertsrecommendtakingactionifyouseeananimalbyitselfina

car.

A.Theyareinsomekindoftrouble

B.It'sbesttobepatientwiththesechanges

C.Iftheirpersonalitychangesfortheworse

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D.Coldandrainyweatherisnotidealfordogs

E.Iftheownerleavespetsunattendedinaparkedcar

F.Thismeansnotpushingthemovertheedgeiftheyaren'tready

G.There'salimittohowmuchtimetheyshouldbespendingoutside

答案

［语篇解读］本文为说明文。文章就如何照顾狗提出了四条建议。

1.D细节句。D项中的“Coldandrainyweather”对应上文中的“outside”,符合本段主旨。止匕外,because

从句中的"it"代指"Coldandrainyweather”,并与D项为因果关系。

2.C细节句。C项中的“theirpersonalitychanges”对应本段的小标题“接受狗的性格改变;设空处后的

“要避免责备它们”说明狗的性格变化朝着不好的方向发展了，故选C项。

3.B过渡句。B项（最好要耐心应对这些变化）与上句（狗的主人不能突然就改变他们的狗……）构成因

果关系，并与下文衔接自然。

4.F细节句。F项中的"notpushingthemovertheedge”与小标题中的“NottoPushThemovertheEdge"

为词汇复现现象,并且句意符合上下文，故选Fo

5.E细节句。根据空格的位置可知应填入—心从句，又因E项中的“leavespetsunattendedinaparked

car”对应本段小标题，故选Eo

Passage9

Howmuchtimedoyouspenddoingresearchbeforeyoumakeadecision?Therearepeoplewhogoover

everydetailexhaustivelybeforemakingachoice.］Psychologistscallthiswayofthinkingacognitive

bias（偏见）,atendencytowardaspecificmentalmistake.

Tostudy'jumping”,weexamineddecision-makingpatternsamongmorethan600peoplefromthegeneral

population.Wefoundthatjumpersmademoreerrorsthannon-jumpersonproblemsthatrequirethoughtful

analysis.2InaquizaboutUScivics,theyoverestimatedthechancethattheiranswerswereright

significantlymorethanotherparticipantsdid-evenwhentheiranswerswerewrong.

第12页共43页

Sowhatisbehind“jumping"?Psychologicalresearcherscommonlydistinguishbetweentwopathwaysof

thought:theautomaticsystem,whichreflectsideasthatcometothemindeasily,spontaneouslyandwithout

effort,andthecontrolledsystemincludingconsciousandeffortfulreasoning.Thestudyfoundthatjumpers

andnon-jumperswereequallyinfluencedbyautomaticthoughts.3

Itisthecontrolledsystemthathelpspeoplecounterbalancementalbiasesintroducedbytheautomaticsystem.

Asaresultjumpersweremorelikelytoaccepttheconclusionsmadeatfirstblushwithoutfurther

questioning.Alackofcontrolledthinkingwasalsomorebroadlyconnectedtotheirproblematicbeliefsand

faultyreasoning.

4Amethodcalledmetacognitivetrainingcanbeusedtotargettheirbiases,whichcanhelppeoplethink

moredeliberatively.Inthistraining,participantsareconfrontedwiththeirownbiases.Theycanlearnabout

themisstepsandotherwaysofthinkingthroughtheproblemathand.Ithelpstochipawayatparticipants5

overconfidence.

Ineverydaylife,thequestionofwhetherweshouldthinkthingsthroughorinsteadgowithourgutisa

frequentandimportantone.5Sometimesthemostimportantdecisionwemakecanbetotakesome

moretimebeforemakingachoice.

A.Happily,theremaybesomehopeforjumpers.

B.Also,jumpershadproblemswithoverconfidence.

C.Butafairnumberofindividualsarequicktojumptoconclusions.

D.Itiscertainlypossiblefbrthemtooverthinkthingstotakeadecision.

E.Weplantocontinuetheworktotraceotherproblemsintroducedbyjumping.

F.Thejumpers,however,didnotengageincontrolledreasoningtothesamedegreeasnon-jumpers.

G.Recentstudiesshowthatevengatheringjustalittlebitmoreevidencemayhelpusavoidamajormistake.

口

［语篇解读I本文为说明文。一些人在做决定之前会跳过很多细节直接下结论，这种思考方式是一种认

知偏见。

l.c此空在文章第一段,目的是引出本文重点讨论的对象jumpers,即跳过细节直接下结论的人，这与设

空处前一句提到的做决定前会认真思考每个细节的人，即下文中提到的non-jumpers形成对比。

第13页共43页

2.B此段主要阐述jumpers的缺点，设空处前一句提到第一个缺点(出错更多)，设空处后一句阐述这些

人自负的具体表现,所以设空处则是第二个缺点——自负(overconfidence)。

3.F此段提到了两种思考路径theautomaticsystem和thecontrolledsystem。设空处前一句针对

jumpers和non-jumpers提到了他们与第一种思考路径的关系,那么设空处应该还是针对这两种人，回1

到的应该是第二种思考路径,F项满足这两个要求。

4.A前文阐述了jumpers的缺点本段则是提出用一种训练方法可以针对这些偏见训练jumpers也就是

说jumpers也是有希望的，所以选A.

5.G此段为总结段落.设空处后一句再次提出在做重要决定前要花点时间去思考,所以设空处也是在提

醒为避免出现重大错误,做决定前应该多收集些证据.这与首段中提到的认真思考每个细节(g。over

everydetail)相呼应。

Passage10

TheTruthaboutYourMemory

Whatwouldyoubewithoutyourmemories?Howimportantisyourabilitytorememberthepastandtodraw

onittohelpyouknowwhattodonext?I'llanswerforyou:It'srightuptherewithbreathingandeating._

However,mostpeopleknowlittleaboutmemory.AstudybyresearchpsychologistsDanielSimonsand

ChristopherChabrisaskedpeoplesimplequestionsaboutmemoryandthencomparedtheiranswerswith

thoseofexpertsinmemoryresearch.2Forinstance,tothequestion"Istherea'videocamera9inyour

head?”，63%ofpeoplesurveyedstronglyagreedormostlyagreedthathumanmemory“workslikeavideo

camera,accuratelyrecordingtheeventsweseeandhearsothatwecanreviewandinspectthemlater”.None

oftheexpertsstronglyagreedormostlyagreedthatmemoryfunctionslikethat.

Sohowdoesmemorywork?3Hemeanswellandwantstohelp,butthebesthecandoistellyou

stories.Andlikeallgoodstorytellers,heeditsforimpact,efficiency,functionality,andclarity.Hetellsyou

whatheassumesyouneedtoknow.Healsomakeshonestmistakes—lotsandlotsofthem.Sometimeshejust

getsconfusedandleavesoutsomethingimportant.Hecouldevenincludeinaccurateinformationbyaccident.

第14页共43页

Inotherwords,thereisnoconsistentororderlysensetomemory.Amemorywillbehiddenawayand

connectedtoothermemoriesorconceptsinwaysthatarenotnecessarilypracticalorlogical.4

Memoriescometousinawaythatissimilartohowarchaeologistsandpolicedetectivesusebitsof

informationtoconstructstoriesaboutpastpeopleandevents.

5Fortunately,enoughhasbeenrevealedtoofferuswiseandsafeguidancethroughdailylife.Your

memoryisbestthoughtofashelpfulinput.Wedon'lneedtoremembereverydetailabouteverything.

A.Theresearchershadaverytoughtimeunderstandinghumanmemories.

B.Thehumanbrainisstillamysteriousuniverseinmanyways,ofcourse.

C.Astudyshowsrecallingthepastcanchangethememoryofwhatreallyhappened.

D.Theresultsshowhowfarremovedfromrealitythepublic'sbeliefsaboutmemoryare.

E.Onewouldthinkthatunderstandinghowmemoryworkswouldbeahighpriorityforallpeople.

F.Iprefertodescribeitassomethinglikeanoldmansittingbyacampfiresomewheredeepinyourbrain.

G.Thisiswhyaparticularsmellorsoundmaybringupamemoryeventhoughitwasn'timportantinthe

originalexperience.

答案

［语篇解读］本文为说明文。本文阐述了记忆的真相。

1.E由第二段首句中的However可知该句与设空处为转折关系。可能人们认为了解我们的记忆是如

何工作对所有人来说是尤为重要的一件事，但其实大部分人对记忆知之甚少。

2.D设空处后的Forinstance在提示后面的例子是对设空处的论述进行解释说明.而此段的第一句已经

亮明主旨，即大部分人对记忆并不了解,所以设空处再次表明人们对记忆的认知与记忆的真实情况相去

甚远。

3.F设空处后一句中的主语是He,但设空处前一句中并没有提到这个人，这就说明我们要从选项中找到

这个人，即F项中出现的anoldmano

4.G设空处前一句提到记忆将被隐藏起来，并以不一定实用或合乎逻辑的方式与其他记忆或概念连接

起来。“不一定实用或合乎逻辑的方式”指的就是G项中出现的一种特殊的气味或声音(aparticular

smellorsound),它们虽然看似不重要，但是能唤起记忆。

第15页共43页

5.B本文探究记忆的真相就是在探究人类的大脑，设空处后提到的“已透露足够多了(enoughhasbeen

revealed)”指的也是探索人类大脑的成果,B项中出现的Thehumanbrain与之呼应。

Passage11

Whenyou'rebehindthewheel,distractions(分心的事物)costlives.Nevertheless,driverstakeselfies,

andrespondtotextmessages.]

Smartphonesareo