上海海事大学外国语学院《621综合英语》历年考研真题及详解

2007年上海海事大学外国语学院621综合英语考研真题及详解Ⅰ.Completeeachofthefollowingstatementwiththebestappropriateword(s)orphrase(s)chosenfromthe4alternativesattached.(40/150):1.“Theshowmustgoon”istheoldest_____ofshowbusiness;everytrueperformerlivesbythatcreed.A.euphemismB.allegoryC.precursorD.tenet【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：“演出继续进行”是表演界最古老的原则；每位表演者都要遵循这一宗旨。tenet原则，宗旨。euphemism委婉语。allegory寓言。precursor先驱，前导。2.ANewWorldlizardthebasilisk,occasionallydoessomethingthatseemsto_____physics:itrunsacrossthesurfaceofwaterfordistancesofuptothirtyfeet.A.defyB.quantifyC.assessD.corroborate【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：在新大陆上有一种蜥蜴，它们有时能做出一些看似违背物理定律的行动：这种蜥蜴能够在水面上奔跑，最远距离甚至达到三十英尺。defy藐视；公然反抗。quantify量化。assess评定。corroborate证实。3.Acodeofethicsgoverningthebehaviorofphysiciansduringepidemicsdidnotexistuntil1846whenitwas_____bytheAmericanMedicalAssociation.A.rescindedB.promulgatedC.presupposedD.depreciated【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：直到1846年，美国医师协会才颁布了在传染病蔓延时医生需要遵守的伦理准则。promulgate公布，发表；传播。rescind解除，废除。presuppose假定；预料。depreciate使……贬值；贬低，轻视。4.Adiligentscholar,shedevotedherself_____tothecompletionofthebook.A.assiduouslyB.ingenuouslyC.voluminouslyD.sporadically【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：她是一位勤奋的学者，她勤勉地进行了完成这本书的工作。assiduously刻苦地，勤勉地。ingenuously率直地，正直地。voluminously庞大地；很多地。sporadically零星地，偶发地。5.DonaldTrumplatestcasinoinAtlanticCityisthemost_____gamblingpalaceintheEast,easilyoutglitteringitscompetitor.A.professionalB.speculativeC.ostentatiousD.lucrative【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：唐纳德·特朗普在大西洋城最新的赌场是东部最招摇的赌博场所，它轻易地从竞争者中脱颖而出。ostentatious招摇的，卖弄的。professional专业的。speculative猜测性的；投机性的。lucrative获利丰厚的。6.Dr.Smithcautionedthatthedatasofararenotsufficiently_____towarrantdogmaticassertionsbyeitherinthedebate.A.hypotheticalB.tentativeC.controversialD.unequivocal【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：史密斯先生提醒道：目前的数据还不足以为辩论中任何一方的假设提供充分的支持。hypothetical假设的。tentative实验性的；暂时的。controversial有争议的。unequivocal明确的。7.IfAmeliaEarhart’sacceptancewasbynomeans_____,herfamewasunusuallywidespreadandherpopularitylong-lived.A.universalB.ambiguousC.expedientD.genuine【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：如果阿米莉亚的名声不是普遍接受的话，那她的名声传播得如此之广之久远也非常罕见了。universal普遍的，通用的。ambiguous模糊不清的。expedient权宜的。genuine真正的。8.Themuseumadministrationappearstobesingularly_____thecomfortsofitsemployee,providinganemployeehealthclub,alendinglibrary,andapart-timesocialworkertohelpstaffmemberswithfinancialordomesticproblems.A.ignorantofB.indifferenttoC.attentivetoD.uninvolvedin【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：看起来博物馆的管理部门非常重视员工的舒适环境。他们为员工提供了一处健身俱乐部、一所租赁图书馆和一位兼职人员帮助他们解决财政或家中的问题。beattentiveto留意。be……ignorantof对……一无所知。beindifferentto对……不关心。beuninvolvedin不参与……。9.Theomniscientnarratorstandsabovethestoryheistelling,_____hisknowledgeofwhatwilloccur.A.disheartenedbyB.unlimitedinC.ostracizedforD.vindicatedby【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：全知叙述者处于整个故事之上，也因为他对将要发生事件的了解而不受限制。beunlimitedin因……不受限制。bedisheartenedby为……感到丧气。beostracizedfor因……被排斥。bevindicatedby被……维护。10.Wemustovercomehis_____socialchangeifwewishtowinhissupportforthisinnovativeprogramofhomehealthcarefortheelderly.A.tendencytoB.endorsementofC.antipathytoD.respectfor【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：如果我们想要在老年人家庭健康服务的创新计划中获得他的支持，就必须克服他对社会变化的抵触情绪。antipathyto对……的反感。tendencyto对……的倾向。endorsementof对……的认可。respectfor对……的尊敬。11.OnlyafterIfinishedreadingthisessaydiditdawnonmethatthewholestoryaboutgrebe’sdietwasnota_____ofherimagination.A.figmentB.fantasyC.fabricationD.figure【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：读完这篇文章我才恍然大悟，鸊鷉的饮食的故事不是她凭空想象出来的。figment虚构的事。fantasy幻想。fabrication捏造。figure人物，数字。因此答案选A。12.Cooperwasdelightedtolearnthataluminumisthemostplentifulmetalintheearth’s_____.A.surfaceB.exteriorC.crustD.core【答案】C查看答案【解析】库珀很高兴地了解到铝是地壳中含量最丰富的金属。earthcrust地壳。13.Adetectivestory_____intheAfricanjungleorAustralianbushappealtoourinterestinremoteplaces.A.setdownB.setC.setoutD.setto【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：一本故事发生在非洲或澳洲丛林中的侦探小说能够吸引我们对于偏僻地区的兴趣。set设置。setdown制定，写下。setout出发；摆出；陈述。setto开始做某事。14.Theyoung,self-assuredprince_____poweruponthedeathoftheking.A.assumedB.consumedC.resumedD.presumed【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：国王逝世后，那位年轻自信的王子掌管了大权。assumepower接过权力。15.Thegoodnewsthathisbookwasatlastpublishedlefthimwitha_____ofsatisfactioninhisheart.A.blazeB.scorchC.flameD.glow【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：他的书终于成功出版的消息让他心里得意洋洋。aglowofsatisfaction得意洋洋。16.TheunfaircriticismleftNormanquite_____withanger.A.spellboundB.speechlessC.silentD.mute【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：不公的指责让诺曼火冒三丈，甚至说不出话。speechless（常因震惊而）说不出话的。spellbound对……入迷的。silent沉默的。mute哑的，缄默的。17.Thewriternotusedtospeakinginpublic,butwhentheopportunitypresenteditself,herosetothe_____.A.chanceB.circumstanceC.eventD.occasion【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：那位作家不常在公众面前发言，但当机会出现时，他也能应对自如。risetotheoccasion应付自如。18.Thenewemployeewouldbemorepopularintheofficeifhedidn’ttrysohardto_____himselfwiththeboss.A.regardB.identityC.ingratiateD.appreciate【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：如果那位新员工不那么卖力去迎合上级的话，他会在办公室里更受欢迎。ingratiate使……迎合，使……讨好。regard注意；尊重；问候。identity身份。appreciate感谢，欣赏。19.TheU.S.Governmentmadeavery_____excuseforconductingtheexperimentwiththehydrogenbombintheSouthPacific.A.feebleB.faintC.frailD.fragile【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：关于在南太平洋进行氢弹试验的问题，美国政府给出的理由十分脆弱。feeble虚弱的；站不住脚的。faint微弱的。frail脆弱的；虚弱的。fragile脆弱的；易碎的。20.Thetwinbrothersshowedgreat_____totheireldersister,whohadactedassoleparenttothemsincetheirparentsdiedduringtheAmericanCivilWar.A.allegianceB.devotionC.complianceD.subjection【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：那对双胞胎兄弟非常爱他们的姐姐，他们的父母在内战中去世后，是她在家中扮演了家长的角色。devotion热爱，献身。compliance顺从，服从。allegiance拥护，效忠。subjection绝对服从，隶属。21.ThenovelUncleTom’sCabin,whicheffectively_____theunfairnesstowardblackpeople,wasamajorinfluencein_____theanti-slaverymovement.A.portrayed;strengtheningB.attacked;pacifyingC.glamorized;launchingD.exposed;condemning【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》深刻地描绘了黑人所遭受的不公，也极大地加强了废奴运动的开展。portray描绘，描写。attack攻击。glamorize美化。expose揭发，暴露。strengthen加强。pacify使……平静。launch发射，发起。condemn谴责。22.Theopossumis_____thevenomofsnakesintherattlesnakesubfamilyandthusviewsthereptilesnotas_____enemiesbutasafoodsource.A.vulnerableto;naturalB.consciousof;mortalC.imperviousto;lethalD.sensitiveto;deadly【答案】C查看答案【解析】句意：负鼠不受响尾蛇科的毒液影响，因此它们把爬行类看作食物，而不是致命的敌人。vulnerable易受攻击的。conscious神志清醒的。impervious不受影响的。sensitive敏感的。natural自然的。mortal凡人的；致死的。lethal致命的。deadly致命的。23.Therewassomestagecraftbehindthesupposedly_____momentsphotographedbyDoisneau;inalegaldisputelastyear,Doisneau_____thathehadpaidtwomodelstoposeforhisfamousTheKissattheHoteldeVille.A.innocent;disprovedB.candid;acknowledgedC.theatrical;regrettedD.affected;intimated【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：事实上，那些本应是由杜瓦诺偷拍下的照片中包含着一些创作成分；在去年的一起法律纠纷中，杜瓦诺承认了自己曾雇佣两名模特拍摄名作《市政厅之吻》。candid公正的，坦白的；偷拍的。acknowledge承认，认可。innocent无辜的，无罪的。theatrical戏剧性的。affected受到影响的；做作的。disprove反驳。regret后悔，惋惜。intimate暗示，通知。24.ThebestEskimocarvingofallagesseemtopossessapowerfulabilityto_____thegreatbarriersoflanguageandtimeandcommunicate_____withus.A.reachacross;directlyB.leapover;temporarilyC.riseabove;verballyD.passthrough;infrequently【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：那些历史上最出色的爱斯基摩雕刻似乎有着强大的力量，足以越过语言和时间的巨大隔阂，直接同我们沟通。reachacross和leapover都有越过（障碍）的含义。riseabove指克服（困难）。passthrough穿过。temporarily暂时地。verbally口头地。infrequently不频繁地。25.T.S.Eliot,famousforhis_____,neverthelessacceptedposterity’sinterestinhislife,_____thathiscorrespondencewithhisladyfriendseventuallywouldberead.A.reticence;assumingB.modesty;prohibitingC.boastfulness;rememberingD.vanity;intimating【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：T·S艾略特以他的谦逊而闻名，而他从没有过生育后代的打算，这是为了防止有朝一日有人读到他和女性朋友间的通信。modesty谦逊。reticence沉默寡言。boastfulness自负。vanity虚荣心。assume猜测。intimate暗示；通知。26.Rebuffedbyhiscolleagues,theinitially_____youngresearcherbecameincreasingly_____.A.tedious;polishedB.outgoing;withdrawnC.diligent;tolerantD.boisterous;excitable【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：在被同事断然拒绝后，这位最初性格外向的年轻研究员变得越来越沉默寡言。outgoing外向的。withdrawn沉默寡言的；孤僻的。tedious沉闷的。polished优雅的，有教养的。diligent勤劳的。tolerant宽容的。boisterous喧嚣的；狂暴的。excitable易激动的。27.Nowadayslifemodels—menandwomenwhoposeinthenudeforartists—seemcuriously_____,relicsofabygoneagewhenartstudent_____laboredamidskeletonsandanatomicalcharts,learningtodrawthehumanbodyaspainstakinglyasmedicalstudentslearntoit.A.daring;cureB.stereotyped;diagnoseC.archaic;dissectD.anachronistic;sketch【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：现如今，美术生们都把骨架和解剖图当做素描对象，像医科生一样煞费苦心地学习如何绘制人体，而那些在艺术家面前裸露的模特们似乎已经脱离了时代。daring大胆的。cure治疗。stereotyped千篇一律的。diagnose诊断。archaic古代的；陈旧的。dissert论述。anachronistic过时的；时代错误的。sketch画素描。28.LikeMachiavellibeforehim,HenryKissingerhasakeenappreciationforthehead-headed,even_____,useofpower,tothepointofadmiringsometraitsinleaderswhowereotherwise_____.A.cynical;benevolentB.gentle;insignificantC.resentful;charismaticD.ruthless;detestable【答案】D查看答案【解析】句意：就像前人马基雅弗利一样，亨利·基辛格对领袖主导权力的主张甚至到了无情的程度，他甚至欣赏着那些在其他方面被认为可憎的领袖身上的优秀品质。ruthless无情的。detestable可憎的。cynical愤世嫉俗的。benevolent仁慈的。gentle温和的。insignificant不重要的。resentful充满忿恨的。charismatic有魅力的。29.Itisrelieftoseepeoplewhocanbeinterestedintheartswithoutbeing“arty”—collectorswhocollectfortheirown_____ratherthanfor_____.A.delight;showB.interest;pleasureC.reputation;amusementD.enjoyment;satisfaction【答案】A查看答案【解析】句意：看到那些对艺术感兴趣而不是“附庸风雅”的人们——为自己的乐趣而不是为了展示去收藏作品的人，是一件令人欣慰的事。delight高兴。show展览。interest利益，兴趣。pleasure快乐。reputation名声。amusement消遣。enjoyment享受。satisfaction满足。30.Hewashabituallysodocileand_____thathisfriendscouldnotunderstandhissudden_____hisemployers.A.incorrigible;suspicionofB.accommodating;outburstagainstC.erratic;envyofD.hasty;cordialitytoward【答案】B查看答案【解析】句意：他平时是一个温顺随和的人，因此他的朋友们不能理解为什么他对雇主突然发怒。accommodating随和的。outburst（情感的）爆发。incorrigible不可救药的。suspicion怀疑。erratic不稳定的。envy嫉妒。hasty轻率的，匆忙的。cordiality热诚，真挚。31._____wasthepresidentwhentheUnitedStatesjoinedtheAlliedforceagainsttheAxisPowerduringtheWordWarII.A.AbrahamLincolnB.AndrewJacksonC.FranklinDelanoRooseveltD.TheodoreRoosevelt【答案】C查看答案【解析】在美国加入同盟国时，富兰克林·罗斯福是时任美国总统。32.U.S.presidentsnormallyservea(n)_____term.A.two-yearB.four-yearC.six-yearD.eight-year【答案】B查看答案【解析】美国总统的任期通常为四年。33.WhichofthefollowingcitiesisNOTlocatedintheNortheast,U.S.?_____.A.HoustonB.BostonC.BaltimoreD.Philadelphia【答案】A查看答案【解析】休斯顿位于美国南部。34.ThoseonboardoftheMayflowerweretheearlierBritishrulerswhobuiltupthe_____Colony.A.PennsylvaniaB.VirginiaC.MassachusettsD.NorthCaronia【答案】C查看答案【解析】五月花号的移民者首先在马萨诸塞州建立了殖民地。35.ThePrimeMinisterinBritainisheadof_____.A.theShadowCabinetB.theParliamentC.theOppositionD.theCabinet【答案】D查看答案【解析】英国首相是内阁的首脑。36.CommonSensewrittenby_____playedaveryimportantroleinarousingtheawarenessoftheAmericancoloniststogetindependencefromtheBritishgovernance.A.ThomasJeffersonB.ThomasPaineC.JohnJayD.BenjaminFranklin【答案】B查看答案【解析】《常识》的作者是托马斯·潘恩。37._____isthestatechurchinEngland.A.TheRomanCatholicChurchB.TheBaptistChurchC.TheProtestantChurchD.TheChurchofEngland【答案】D查看答案【解析】英国国教是英国的国家教会。38.TheDeclarationofIndependencewasdraftedby_____.A.ThomasJeffersonB.ThomasPaineC.JohnJayD.BenjaminFranklin【答案】A查看答案【解析】通常认为托马斯·杰斐逊是《独立宣言》最主要的起草人。39.TheMoriwerenativesof_____beforethearrivalofwhitesettlers.A.AustraliaB.NewZealandC.AmericasD.SouthAfrica【答案】B查看答案【解析】在白人殖民者到达新西兰之前，毛利人一直是新西兰的原住民。40.TherearetheSenateandHouseofRepresentativesundertheCongressintheUnitedStates,whileintheUnitedKingdom,thereare_____undertheParliament.A.theLordsandHouseofCommonsB.theHouseofLordsandCommonsC.theLordsandCommonsD.theHouseofLordsandHouseofCommons【答案】D查看答案【解析】英国议会制度中分为上议院（HouseofLords）和下议院（HouseofCommons）。Ⅱ.Fillineachoftheblanks(30/150):A.withanappropriateprepositionoraparticle(15)(1)______thetimetheAmericancoloniststook(2)______arms(3)______GreatBritaininordertosecuretheirindependence,theinstitutionofBlackslaverywasdeeplyentrenched.Butthecontradictioninherent(4)______thissituationwas,(5)______many,asourceofconstantembarrassment.“Italwaysappearedamostiniquitousscheme(6)______me,”AbigailAdamswroteherhusbandin1774,“tofightourselvesforwhatwearedailyrobbingandplundering(7)______thosewhohaveasgoodaright(8)______freedomaswehave.”ManyAmericans(9)______AbigailAdamswerestruck(10)______theinconsistencyoftheirstand(11)______theWarofIndependence,andtheywerenotaverse(12)______makingmovestoemancipatetheslaves.Quakersandotherreligiousgroupsorganizedantislaverysocieties,whilenumerousindividualsmanumittedtheirslaves.(13)______fact,(14)______severalyearsoftheendoftheWarofIndependence,mostoftheEasternstateshadmadeprovisions(15)______thegradualemancipationofslaves.【答案与解析】1.By（bythetime在……时。）2.up（takeuparms拿起武器。）3.against（against在此处表示反抗某人或某物。）4.in（inherentin在……中存在。）5.for（formany在此处表示“对很多人来说”。）6.to（appearto似乎，好像。）7.from（plunderfrom从某处抢夺。）8.to（righttosth享有某物的权力。）9.besides（此处表示的是除阿比盖尔·亚当斯之外的其他美国人，因此填“besides”。）10.by（bestruckby被……触动。）11.during（句意：除了阿比盖尔，很多其他的美国人也收到了他们在独立战争中摇摆不定立场的影响。）12.to（beaverseto反对……）13.In（infact事实上。）14.within（withinseveralyears在几年之内。）15.for（句意：事实上，在独立战争的最后几年里，东部的大多数州都已经为奴隶的逐渐解放制定了相应的规定。）B.withanappropriatewordTwoofthemajor(16)______oftheworldareChristianityand(17)______.Althoughseemingly(18)______,thetwofaiths(19)______severalfundamentalbeliefsandpractices.Bothworshipthesamedeity,whomthe(20)______termGodandtheMuslimscall(21)______.Forknowledgeofhisfaithandforinspiration,theChristian(22)______toitsholybook,the(23)______.TheMuslin,(24)______,hasaholybook,theKoranwhichguideshisprayersandgivesthemeaningtohis(25)______.TheTenCommandmentsandSermonontheMountprovidea(26)______ofethicsforthelivesoftheChristians.(27)______,allMuslimssubscribetotheHadithandtheFivePillarsofFaithfordaily(28)______.Suchbasic(29)______incodeandconductillustratethesharedheritageof(30)______andIslam.【答案与解析】16.religions（根据全文的内容可以看出本篇文章在对基督教和伊斯兰教进行比较，因此此处应该是“religions”。）17.Islam（由“twoofthemajorreligions”可得出此处应填Islam。）18.different（句意：尽管看起来不同，两种信仰之间还是有几处共同的基础和行为。）19.share（share在此处表示“共同拥有”。）20.Christians（句意：两种宗教都信仰共同的神，基督教徒将其称为上帝而穆斯林将其称为安拉。）21.Allah（Allah安拉。）22.turns（turnto寻求……的帮助。）23.Bible（根据前文“theChristianturnstoitsholybook”可以看出此处所指的是《圣经》。）24.too（句意：穆斯林同样拥有一本神圣经典。）25.life（句意：《古兰经》指引着信徒，并赋予他们人生的意义。）26.code（句意：十诫和山上宝训给了基督徒们道德上的戒律。）27.Similarly（句意：同样地，所有的穆斯林都遵循圣训和五个支柱信仰，以作为日常生活的指引。）28.guidance（同上一题。）29.similarities（句意：这些戒律和行为上的基本共同点体现了基督教和伊斯兰教传统上的相似性。）30.Christianity（同上一题。）Ⅲ.AnswerthefollowingQuestions(10/150):1.Whatarethedifferenceamongadjuncts,conjunctsanddisjuncts?Pleaseclarifythemwithexamples.(6)【答案】Anadjunctisapartofsentencewhichisdispensablebutalsocanaddadditionalinformationtothesentence.Forexample:Herunsonthestreet.“onthestreet”isconsideredasadjunct.Conjunctsareusedtoprovidelogicalrelationsbetweensentences.Forexample:Hetriedveryhard.However,hestillfailedtheexam.“However”isconsideredasconjunct.Disjunctsareusedtoindicatethespeaker’sorwriter’sattitudeordescriptivestatementofthepropositionalcontentofthesentence.Forexample:Luckily,Iwasnotlateforschool.“Luckily”isconsideredasdisjunct.2.Isthereanydifferencebetweencohesionandcoherence?Whatifany?(4)【答案】Cohesionandcoherencedohavedifferentmeanings.Cohesionreferstoallgrammaticalandlexicallinksbetweendifferentpartsoftexts;Coherencereferstotherelationbetweenmeaningsandsequencesofideas.Ⅳ.ReadingComprehension:PassageAAsschoolstartsthisfallinTununak,atinyEskimocommunityonthewindsweptcoastofAlaska,TeacherBenOrrisplanningtoinviteelderlystorytellerintotheclassroomsohisyoungstudentscanlearnandthenwritedowntraditionallegendsandloreoftheirvanishingculture.ForDonnaMaxim’sthird-gradersinBoothbay,Me.,writingwillbecomeatoolinscienceandsocialstudiesasstudentsrecordobservations,questionsandreactionsaboutwhattheydiscovereachday.InEagleButte,S.D.,GeriGutweinhasdesignedawritingprojectinwhichherninth-gradestudentsexchangedletterswiththird-gradersaboutstoriestheyhavereadtogether.ThisyearafewofherstudentswillsitwithCheyennewomenwhotelltalesastheyknittogether,theirheritagebecominggristfortoday’syoungwriters.Althoughtheseteachersareseparatedbythousandsofmiles,theirmethodsoftryingtoencouragechildrentowritespringfromacommonsource:theBreadLoafSchoolofEnglish.There,nearVermont’sMiddleburyCollege,gradeschoolandhighschoolteachersgiveuppartoftheirvacationseachsummertospendsixweeksbrainstorming,studyingandtradingexperiencesastheytrytodevisenewmethodsofgettingtheirpupilstowrite.SaysDixieGoswami,aClemsonUniversityEnglishprofessorwhoheadsBreadLoaf’sprograminwriting:“Wehavenothingagainst‘skill-and-drill’writingcurricula,excepttheydon’twork.”Instead,BreadLoafgraduateshavequietlycreatedoneofthenation’smostinventiveprogramstoencouragestudentwriters.TheBreadLoafliteratureandwritingprogrambeganin1920asasummerretreatwhereEnglishteachersstudiedforadvanceddegrees.Untilthelate1970smostwereteachersfromeliteEasternprepschools.BreadLoaf“wasfailinginitssocialresponsibility,”saysPaulCubeta,aMiddleburyhumanitiesprofessorwhohasdirectedtheprogramsince1965.“SowewentlookinginruralAmericaforpotentialeducationalleaders.”Foundationfundswereraisedtohelpdefraythe$2,500costsfortuitionandboard.Overthepasttenyearsnearly500ruralinstructorshavestudiedintheshadowofthedistinctlyflattenedmountainthatgivestheschoolitsname.Thissummer73cametoBreadLoaffromsmalltownsin32states.BreadLoafersareconvincedthatchildrenareinspiredtowritewellwhentheyhaveinformationtocommunicate.InGilbert,S.C.,forinstance,studentsinterviewedold-timerstodiscoverwhatlifeintheirsmalltownswaslikemanydecadesago.Thestudents’narrativeaccounts,vividlydescribingeverythingfrombuttermakingtocourtshipandmarriage,werepublishedinamagazinetheynamedSparkleberry.ThissummeratGilbert’sFourthofJulyPeachFestival,thehomemademagazinessoldlikehotcobblers.ManyofthenewideasthatteacherstookawayfromBreadLoafseemedindangerofwitheringbackhome,remembersCubeta.“Weneededtodeviseawayforthemtogobackwithsupportfortheirprojectsandforeachother.”OneresultwasanideacalledBreadNet:bysettingupanetworkofwordprocessors,BreadLoaf-trainedteacherscouldinstantaneouslyconnecttheirclassrooms.Lastyeartheprojectliftedoffwhenacharitabletrustdonated$1.5millionforthatandotherprograms.ThenewnationalhookupprovidedevidenceforanotherBreadLoafbelief:childrenwillwritefreshlywhengivenanewaudience.StudentsinthetinyranchingcommunityofWilsall,Mont.,beganwritingtochildreninPittsburghaboutlifeinwinter.“Cowsaren’tsmartenoughtopawthroughthesnowlikehorses,soyouhavetofeedthem,”onechildexplained.ASiouxstudentonareservationinSouthDakotawrotecandidlyaboutwhatishappeningtoonebranchofthetribe:“LifefortheLakotapeopleisgoinginadownwarddirection…Tocontrolitwouldtakegreathumanpowerormagic.”Thisfall68teachersin33stateswillbeabletosendtheirstudents’writingelectronicallyintodistantclassrooms.Laterintheyear,thefourtheditionofVoicesAcrosstheWires,astudent-editedcollectionofBreadNetwriting,willbepublished.“Havingrealsituationstowriteabouthasreallychangedtheirattitude,”saysJoanneTulonen,whoseWilsallstudentswereamongthefirsttouseBreadNet.“Before,theirwritingwasartificial.Nowtheyseethemselvesaspeoplewithinformationworthsharing.”1.ThereasonwhytheschoolwasnamedBreadLoafis_____.A.theschoolismadeupofagroupofidlepeopleB.theschool’sheadnameisBreadLoafC.theschoolliesinaflattenedmountainD.theschoolwasnamedbynationalhookup2.BreadLoafersareconvincedthat_____.A.childrenwillbeinspiredwhentheyhaveinformationtocommunicateB.childrenwillwritefreshlywhengivenanewaudienceC.bothAandBD.childrenwillbemorecreative3.Whatkindofwayisdevisedforteacherstogobackwithsupportforeachother?A.Interviewold-timers.B.SetupBreadNet.C.Exchangelettersaboutstories.D.Adopttheskill-and-drillproject.4.TeacherstrainedinBreadLoafwillnot_____.A.inviteelderstorytellerstoclassroomB.havesummervacationinBreadLoafSchoolC.deviseinnovativewritingprogramD.workagainstskillanddrill5.ThewritingprojectdevisedbytheteachersinBreadLoafis_____tothestudents’writing.A.effectiveB.insipidC.worthlessD.noneoftheabove【答案与解析】1.C 根据文章第三段倒数第二句“overthepasttenyearsnearly500ruralinstructorshavestudiedintheshadowofthedistinctlyflattenedmountainthatgivestheschoolitsname.”可以看出学校因其所在的地点而得名。2.C 根据文章第四段第一句“BreadLoafersareconvincedthatchildrenareinspiredtowritewellwhentheyhaveinformationtocommunicate.”和文章倒数第二段第一句“ThenewnationalhookupprovidedevidenceforanotherBreadLoafbelief:childrenwillwritefreshlywhengivenanewaudience.”可以看出A和B选项都是正确的。3.A 根据文章第二段第二句“There…teachersgiveuppartoftheirvacationseachsummertospendsixweeksbrainstorming,studyingandtradingexperiencesastheytrytodevisenewmethodsofgettingtheirpupilstowrite.”可以看出这些老师相互支持的主要手段是交流过去的经验。4.D 根据文章第二段倒数第二句话“Wehavenothingagainst‘skill-and-drill’writingcurricula…”可以看出项目中的老师并不反对“技能与训练”这一模式。5.A 根据文章最后一段最后一句话“Before,theirwritingwasartificial.Nowtheyseethemselvesaspeoplewithinformationworthsharing.”可以看出该项目对于学生写作的态度有了很大的改善。PassageBCampaigningontheIndianfrontierisanexperiencebyitself.Neitherthelandscapenorthepeoplefindtheircounterpartsinanyotherportionoftheglobe.Valleywallsrisesteeplyfiveorsixthousandfeetoneveryside.Thecolumnscrawlthroughamazeofgiantcorridorsdownwhichfiercesnow-fedtorrentsfoamunderskiesofbrass.Amidthesescenesofsavagebrilliancytheredwellsaracewhosequalitiesseemtoharmonizewiththeirenvironment.Exceptatharvest-time,whenself-preservationrequiresatemporarytruce,thePathantribesarealwaysengagedinprivateorpublicwar.Everymanisawarrior,apoliticianandatheologian.Everylargehouseisarealfeudalfortressmade,itistrue,onlyofsun-bakedclay,butwithbattlements,turrets,loopholes,drawbridges,plete.Everyvillagehasitsdefense.Everyfamilycultivatesitsvendetta;everyclan,itsfeud.Thenumeroustribesandcombinationsoftribesallhavetheiraccountstosettlewithoneanother.Nothingiseverforgotten,andveryfewdebtsareleftunpaid.Forthepurposeofsociallife,inadditiontotheconventionaboutharvest-time,amostelaboratecodeofhonorhasbeenestablishedandisonthewholefaithfullyobserved.Amanknewitandobserveditfaultlesslymightpassunarmedfromoneendofthefrontiertoanother.Theslightesttechnicalslipwould,however,befatal.ThelifeofthePathanisthusfullofinterest,andhisvalleys,nourishedalikebyendlesssunshineandabundantwater,arefertileenoughtoyieldwithlittlelaborthemodestmaterialrequirementsofasparsepopulation.Intothishappyworldthenineteenthcenturybroughttwonewfacts:therifleandtheBritishGovernment.Thefirstwasanenormousluxuryandblessing,thesecond,anunmitigatednuisance.TheconvenienceoftheriflewasnowheremoreappreciatedthanintheIndianhighlands.Aweaponwhichwouldkillwithaccuracyatfifteenhundredyardsopenedawholenewvistaofdelightstoeveryfamilyorclanwhichcouldacquireit.Onecouldactuallyremaininone’sownhouseandfireatone’sneighbornearlyamileaway.Onecouldlieinwaitonsomehighcrag,andathithertounheard-ofrangeshitahorsemanfarbelow.Evenvillagescouldfireateachotherwithoutthetroubleofgoingfarfromhome.Fabulouspriceswerethereforeofferedforthesegloriousproductsofscience.Rifle-thievesscouredallIndiantoreinforcetheeffortsofthehonestsmuggler.Asteadyflowofthecovetedweaponsspreaditsgenialinfluencethroughoutthefrontier,andtherespectwhichthePathantribesmenentertainedforChristiancivilizationwasvastlyenhanced.TheactionoftheBritishGovernmentontheotherhandwasentirelyunsatisfactory.Thegreatorganizing,advancing,absorbingpowertothesouthwardseemedtobelittlebetterthanamonstrousspoil-sport.IfthePathanmadeforaysintotheplains,notonlyweretheydrivenback(whichafterallwasnomorethanfair),butawholeseriesofsubsequentinterferencestookplace,followedatintervalsbyexpeditionswhichtoiledlaboriouslythroughthevalleys,scoldingthetribesmenandexactingfinesforanydamagewhichtheyhaddone.Noonewouldhavemindedtheseexpeditionsiftheyhadsimplycome,hadafightandthengoneawayagain.Inmanycasesthiswastheirpracticeunderwhatwascalledthe“butcherandboltpolicy”towhichtheGovernmentofIndialongadhere.ButtowardstheendofthenineteenthcenturytheseintrudersbegantomakeroadsthroughmanyofthevalleysandinparticularthegreatroadtoChitral.Theysoughttoensurethesafetyoftheseroadsbythreats,byfortsandbysubsidies.Therewasnoobjectiontothelastmethodsofarasitwent.Butthewholeofthistendencytoroad-makingwasregardedbythePathanswithprofounddistaste.Allalongtheroadpeoplewereexpectedtokeepquiet,nottoshootoneanother,andaboveallnottoshootattravelersalongtheroad.Itwastoomuchtoask,andawholeseriesofquarrelstooktheiroriginfromthissource.6.Theworddebtsin“veryfewdebtsareleftunpaid”inthefirstparagraphmeans_____.A.loansB.accountsC.killingsD.bargains7.WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthegeographicalfactsabouttheIndianfrontier?A.MeltingsnowB.LargepopulationC.SteephillsidesD.Fertilevalleys8.Accordingtothepassage,thePathanswelcomed_____.A.theintroductionoftherifleB.thespreadofBritishruleC.theextensionofluxuriesD.thespreadoftrade9.BuildingroadsbytheBritish_____.A.putanendtoawholeseriesofquarrelsB.preventedthePathansfromcarryingonfeudsC.lessenedthesubsidiespaidtothePathansD.gavethePathansamuchquieterlife10.Asuitabletitleforthepassagewouldbe_____.A.CampaigningontheI