牛津英语8B知识点大全

精心整理牛津初中英语8Bunit1—unit6知识点概括Unit1.【优选词汇】㈠要点短语1.thechangestoSunshineTown阳光镇的变化→thechangesto的变化(p8)〈知识链接〉changen.变化，常用复数changes。e.g.Ghesouthernpartoftown→inthesouthernpartof在的南部→south→southern〈知识链接〉east东部→eastern东部的,west→western,north→hepast在过去→atpresent此刻→inthefuture未来；未来，注意这些短语中的介词和冠词。4.turntheplaceintoapark→turninto把变为〈知识链接〉①Heatturnswaterintovapor.热使水变为蒸气。②TurnthissentenceintoEnglish.5.playcardsandChinesechess打牌、下象棋，’spleasanttoplaycardsandChinesechess.6.waterpollution水污染→airpollution空气污染，noisepollution噪音污染(p9)〈知识链接〉Waterpollutionwasaproblembefore.7.usedtodumpitswasteintowater→usedtodosth过去常做某事，注意否认式、疑问式的形式〈知识链接〉⑴usedtodosth→否认式usednottodosth或didn’tusetodosth→疑问式Didsbusetodosth?或Usedsbtodosth?⑵Therebe和usedto适用的形式为Thereusedtobe。依据要求进行句型变换：Sheusedtoteachhistory①.否认式：Sheusedteachhistory.或Shedidn’tteachhistory.②疑问式：sheteachhistory?或Didsheteachhistory?〈用法拓展〉⑴beusedtodosth＝beusedfordoingsth被用于做某事，＝.Stampsareusedforsendingletters⑵.be/become/getusedtosth习惯于某事，be/become/getusedtodoingsth习惯于做某事，e.g.①Mygrandmausedtoliveinthecitybutnowshehasgotusedtothecountrylife②在某种程度上；在某些方面→inthisway以这种方式9.feelabitlonelyfromtimetotime→fromtimetotime＝attimes＝sometimes有时；时时地〈知识链接〉⑴abit＋形容词原级或比较级＝alittle＋形容词原级或比较级，有点abitof＋不行数名词＝alittle＋不行数名词＝alittlewater〈用法拓展〉notalittle＝very特别，notabit＝notatall一点也不10.throwaway抛弃→“动词＋副词”构造，11.haveaninterviewwithsb＝interviewsb采访某人；对某人面试；与某人面谈(p12)〈知识链接〉Myparentshavehadaninterviewwithmyteacher②.Theyinterviewed20peopleforthejob.③Thereareanumberofinterviewswithsomefamousfootballplayers.12.thebestmodelIhaveeverseen我曾见过的最好的模型(p17)〈知识链接〉the＋形容词最高等＋名词单数＋sbhave/haseverdone，某人曾做过的最的themostwonderfulfilm(that)hehaseverwatched他看过的最出色的竞赛〈用法拓展〉⑴ever往常用于疑问句中或否认句中。e.g.①Have/Hassbeverdonesth?②Nobodyeversteppedinthiscavern没.人以前踏进过这洞窟。⑵eversince自从起到此刻(用于此刻达成时)，forever＝forever永久；永久地13.moveintothenewflats→moveinto搬进，moveoutof搬出(p18)14.lendmeabook→lendsbsth＝lendsthtosb把某物借给某人，是“借出”。〈知识链接〉borrowsthfromsb向某人借某物，是“借入”。精心整理精心整理15.arecentphoto一张近期照片，writeaboutthechangestoMoonlightTown(p21)16.atouristattraction旅行胜地→attractionn.吸引；神往的地方→attractvt.吸引→attractive有吸引力的Ithasbecomeanewtouristattraction②.Hepburn’sbeautyandcharmattractedColette’sattention.㈡词汇分析常有的交通工具：bike/bicycle,bus,double-decker双层巴士,coach长途汽车,tram有轨电车,taxi,train,underground,lightrail轻轨,plane,hot-airballoon热气球,aerodone滑翔机2.Usingadictionary:Thewordsinadictionaryareinalphabeticalorderfrom“A”to“Z”“ball”comesbeforetheword“banana”.3.century＝onehundredyears世纪；百年。⑴某世纪用序数词。如：21世纪thetwenty-firstcentury。⑵“在某世纪”用介词in，如：inthe20thcentury在20世纪。二.【要点句型】1.—Eddie,haveyouseenmyfood?—Yes,I’vejusteatenit.(p6)2.You’’renot.Idon’twanttoplaywithyouanymore.3.You’vechangedtoo.Youalwayswantedtoplaywithme→.always＋过去式＝usedtodosth4.Coacheshavebeeninuse/serviceinBeijingsince1958→.havebeeninuse＝havebeenused5.ImovedherewithmyfamilywhenIwastwoyearsoldandhavelivedheresincethen.(p8)6.Haveyouevermovedhouse?→movehouse迁居7.Welivedtill1965,whenIgotmarried.→getmarried成婚→get/bemarriedtosb与某人成婚〈知识链接〉⑴marrysb与某人成婚，⑵.marrysbtosb把某人嫁给某人，⑶.get/bemarriedtosb和某人成婚，e.g.YaoMinggotmarriedtoYeLion6August,2007.⑷表示“已经成婚”用have/hasgotmarried，表示“已经成婚多久”用have/hasbeenmarriedfor＋时间段或since＋时间点。e.g.①Theyhavegotmarried.②Theyhavebeenmarriedfor5years不.能说成Theyhavegotmarriedfor5years.〈用法拓展〉marriagen.婚姻e.g.Theywillcelebratetheirfiftyyearsofmarriagenextmonth.8.HasSunshineTownchangedalotovertheyears?→changealot变化大〈知识链接〉overtheyears＝inthelast/pastyears这些年来，这是此刻达成时的一个标记。9.Thereoncewasashoefactory.→Thereoncewas/were＝Oncetherewas/were以前有。10.Later,thegovernmentrealizeditwasaveryseriousproblemandtookactiontoreducethepollution→.takeactiontodosth采纳行动做某事，reducethepollution减少污染(p9)〈知识链接〉⑴action①(拍拍照视时用语)开始②动作，动作片，actionstar动作明星averyseriousproblem特别严重的问题→problem(需要着手解决的)问题；难题，question(需要回答的)问题e.g.solveaMathsproblem,answermyquestion11.Itisdifferentforhimtoseesomeofthemasoftenasbefore.(p12)〈知识链接〉⑴Itis＋adj.＋forsbtodosth.⑵asoftenasbefore像以前同样常常→asas12.Thingshavechangedalotovertheyears＝.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceovertheyears.13.WhenIwasinprimaryschool,mymothertookmetoschool→.takesbtoschool送某人上学14.Ihavethesamefeelingtoo.Doyousometimesstayafterschooltochatwithfriends?(p19)15.ThechangestoMoonlightTownhavebroughtadvantages,buttheyhavealsocausedmanyproblemsforpeople.(p22)〈知识链接〉⑴bringadvantagesto给带来利处，advantage长处；有益条件→disvantage弊端；不利条件⑵causeproblemsfor给带来麻烦Unit2一.【优选词汇】精心整理精心整理㈠要点短语1.goonatriptoSouthHill→goonatripto去某地旅行(p24)2.takeyououtforafewdays带你出去玩几日→takesbout带某人出去3.gohiking,goskiing→go＋v-ing去做某事，see/enjoythebeautifulview观看/赏识美景(p25)4.asymbolofJapan→thesymbolof的象征，红.色是危险的象征。5.haveareallyfantastictime＝haveagood/great/wonderfultime＝havefun＝enjoyoneself(p26)6.attheentrance在进口处→attheexit在出口处7.moveathighspeed高速运行→ataspeedof以的速度，ataspeedof100kmanhour8.screamandlaughthroughthewholeride→through从物体的内部穿过9.afastfoodrestaurant快餐店→fastfood快餐，国际着名快餐店：KFC肯德基，McDonald’s麦当劳10.clapandstreamwithjoy快乐地拍手尖叫→介词短语withjoy相当于副词修饰动词。(p27)11.watchathree-Dfilm，watchfireworks,lookshinyandbeautifulunderthefireworks12.inall总合；合计→firstofall第一13.screamwithexcitement喜悦地尖叫→withexcitement＝excitedly激动地；喜悦地(p28)〈知识链接〉excite→excited喜悦的→exciting令人喜悦的；动人心魄的；刺激的→excitementn.激动，喜悦→withexcitement＝excitedly，beexcitedabout(doing)sth对喜悦14.areallydelightfulholidayandameaningfulexperience一个快乐的假期、一次存心义的经历〈知识链接〉experience⑴n.(C)经历；e.g.HehadapleasantexperienceinHongKonglastyear.n.(U)经验→experiencedadj经.验丰富的，haveexperiencein(doing)sth＝beexperiencedin(doing)sth在某方面有经验，e.g.①HehasexperienceinteachingEnglish.＝HeisexperiencedinteachingEnglish②.DrMahasmuchexperienceineyeoperations.＝DrMaisexperiencedineyeoperations③→buysthforsb＝buysbsth(gift比present文雅)(p33)16.travelabroad到外国旅行→goabroad出国，e.g.Hehasgoneabroadforfurtherstudies.(p35)17.duringthisMayDayholiday在“五一”假期里→during是介词，后边不可以接句子。18.threeandahalfhours三个半小时→one/anhour一小时，halfanhour半小时→oneandahalfhours一个半小时，twoandahalfhours两个半小时(p38)19.haveabird’s-eyeviewofHongKong→haveabird’s-viewof俯视；俯视20.amoderncityoftallbuildingswithlightsshiningintheevening高楼林立、灯烛绚烂的现代化城市withlightsshining作后置定语，lights与shining是主动关系。〈用法拓展〉Hesleepswithwindowsclosed.21.theculturalcentreofHongKong香港的文化中心→theculturalcentre文化中心〈知识链接〉culturen.文化→culturaladj.文化的e.g.①popularculture大众文化Veniceisabeautifulcityfullofcultureandhistory.威尼斯是一座拥有深沉文化和历史底蕴的漂亮城市。〈用法拓展〉nature→natural,centre→central22.agoodplacetobuythings，enjoythatdaymost,havegreatfun，aseafoodrestaurant,dessertsandsnacks，enjoyourtriptoHongKong㈡词汇分析1.populartouristattractions(旅行胜地)：MountFuji富士山，theGreatWall，theLeaningTowerofPisa比萨斜塔，theLittleMermaid小佳人鱼，theStatueofLiberty自由女神像，theTowerBridge伦敦塔桥，BigBen大本钟，theGrandPalace(泰国)大王宫，thePattayaBeach(泰国)芭堤雅海滩，OceanPark(香港)大海公园，WindowoftheWorld(深圳)世界之窗。(p25)2.HongKongDisneyland(香港迪士尼乐园)的四大主题公园(themepark)：MainStreetUSA(美国小镇大街)，Tomorrowland(明天世界)，Fantasyland(想象世界)，Adventureland(探险世界)。3.⑴cheerful→cheerless,colourful→colourless,careful→careless,hopeful→hopeless精心整理精心整理meaningful→meaningless,helpful→helpless,harmful→harmless,useful→uselessdelightful,wonderful,successful⑶endless,noiseless＝quiet二.【要点句型】1.Itmustbefun.CanIjoinyou?必定很风趣。我能和你一同去吗？(p24)〈知识链接〉⑴神态动词must(表示推断)必定，用于必定句，反义词：can’t不行能。may可能，maynot可能不。Probably,Perhaps,Maybe都是副词，往常用于句首。joinsb和某人一同做某事，e.g.KittyjoinedthemintheDisneyparade.2.Ihaven’tseenyousincelastmonth→.see是瞬时动词(p26)〈知识链接〉瞬时动词与表示一段时间的词同时出此刻此刻达成时的否认句中，不可以变为持续性动词。3.ImetmanyofmyfavouriteDisneycharacters,suchasSleepingBeauty,SnowWhite,AliceandCinderella,MickeyMouseandallhisfriendswerealltheretoo.4.Icouldn’tstoptakingphotoswiththem.→can’t/couldn’tstopdoingsth忍不住做某事〈知识链接〉can’t/couldn’thelpdoingsth忍不住做某事，can’t/couldn’twaittodosth急不行待做某事。〈用法拓展〉stopdoingsth停止做某事，stoptodosth停下往来做某事。5.Theperformersallworedifferentcostumesandwavedtopeoplewhiletheymarchedacrossthepark,singinganddancingalltheway.→alltheway一路上(p27)〈知识链接〉⑴wavetosb向某人挥手/挥手→waven.波；波涛⑵marchacross迈步穿越singinganddancingalltheway是此刻分词短语，作陪伴状态。6.I’msureyou’llloveit.你必定会喜爱的。→I’msurethatsbwilldosth.＝Sbissuretodosth.〈知识链接〉I’msurethathewillwinthematch.＝Heissuretowinthematch.7.ThelineofpeopleoutsideSpaceMountainwasendless.Wethoughtitwashopelesstowaitintheline.太空山外人们排的队伍不见终点。我们原认为排不上队了。(p30)〈知识链接〉⑴endless无尽的；无休止的，e.g.①endlesslove②Wehaveendlesshomeworktodo.waitintheline排队等待⑶Sbthought＋that从句，某人原认为。8.I’mwatchinganinterestingTVprogramme.Itstartedat7p.m.andhasbeenonforhafanhour.〈知识链接〉beon＝beshown放映→beonshow展出,e.g.①Manyoldthingsareonshowinthemuseum②.Whenwereachedthecinemayesterday,thefilmhadbeenon/shownfor5minutes.9.⑴Shemustbehappynow,isn’tshe?⑵Shemustbehappyyesterday,wasn’tshe?(p33)〈知识链接〉must必定，表示推断时，反意疑问句中的附带疑问部分应以时间状语为准。10.SpringisthebesttimeforvisitingChinesegarden→.Chinesegarden中国园林(p35)〈知识链接〉thebesttimefordoingsth＝thebesttimetodosth做某事的最正确节气e.g.AutumnisthebesttimeforvisitingtheFragrantHill.＝AutumnisthebesttimetovisittheFragrantHill.11.DoyouhaveanyideasaboutwhattodoforMayDayholiday?12.—Bytheway,howlongdoesittaketoflytoSingapore?—Sorry,Idon’tknow,butIcancheckitforyou.→bytheway趁便问一下，checksthforsb替某人核实某事〈知识链接〉Ittakessbsometimetodosth→.Howlongdoesittakesbtodosth?13.ThedayofourtriptoHongKongfinallyarrived.MyparentsandIwereexcitedaboutthisspecialtripbecauseweallwantedtovisitDisneylandandtakephotoswiththecutecartooncharacters.thedayofone’stripto某人去某地旅行的那天(p38)〈知识链接〉⑴beexcitedabout(doing)sth对(做)某事感觉喜悦⑵takephotos拍照，takephotoswith和拍照⑶cute＝lovely可爱的14.TheweatherinHongKongisquitedifferentfromthatinBeijing.香港的天气与北京不一样。精心整理精心整理〈知识链接〉在asas,notas/soas,thesameas,bedifferentfrom或形容词、副词的比较等级构造中，当主语为不行数名词时，后者用that取代。当主语是名词复数时，后者用those取代。e.g.Usuallythepollutioninbigcitiesismuchmoreseriousthanthatinthecountries.②Therearemorebooksinourlibrarythanthoseintheirs.15.IhopeIcanvisitthereagainsomeday→.Ihope＋that指引的一般未来时或can从句。〈知识链接〉someday＝oneday有朝一日；(未来的)一天。oneday还表示过去的“某一天”。16.IleftabookatMillie’shome→.leavesth＋地址，把某物忘在某处；forget忘掉某事。〈知识链接〉⑴Theforgetfulmanoftenleaveshisbagonbuses.⑵—Whyweren’tyouatthemeeting?—Sorry,Iforgot.Unit3.【优选词汇】㈠要点短语1.Ihavenoidea.＝I’venoidea.＝Idon’tknow.我不知道。(p40)2.turnontheTV→turnon/off翻开/封闭，turnup/down调大/调低；都是“动词＋副词”。3.changethechannel换台→onChannel在台，→拓展：theEnglishChannel英吉利海峡4.differentusesofcomputers计算机的不一样用途：drawanddesign,playcomputergames,searchforinformation,sendandreceivee-mails收发电子邮件,dowordprocessing进行文字办理,writecomputerprograms编写计算机程序(p41)5.travelaroundtheworldineighthours八小时环游地球，educationalCD-ROM教育软件(p42)6.comeout(书等)第一版，刊行，发布，不可以用于被动语态，能够转变为bepublished。〈知识链接〉Whenwillhernewnovelcomeout?＝Whenwillhernewnovelbepublished?〈用法拓展〉⑴(太阳、月亮或星星)出现；露出，e.g.Therainedstoppedandthesuncameout.(花朵)开放；(草)出芽，e.g.InMarchflowersandgrasscomeout.7.learnEnglishandgeographyatthesametime同时学英语和地理→atthesametime同时〈知识链接〉learnandplayatthesametime边学边玩8.themaincharacter主角→playthemaincharacterof＝playtheleadroleof〈知识链接〉playtherole饰演，thebestactor最正确男主角，thebestactress最正确女主角9.have/getitchyfeet盼望旅行，－shehasalwayshaditchyfeet.10.helpyoulearnEnglishbytestingyourknowledgeofEnglishgrammarandvocabulary(p43)〈知识链接〉⑴by介词，经过某种方法、手段，后接名词或动词-ing。Hemadealivingbysellingflowers.②Youcanknowmoreaboutthenewsbyreadingtoday’snewspaper.haveaknowledgeof有某方面的知识，e.g.①Hehasawideknowledgeofpainting.他在绘画方面知识渊博。②Knowledgeispower.知识就是力量。11.oneofthebestonthemarket市道上最热销的一种12.chooseoneiconinthemenu在菜单里选择一个图标，clickonitformoredetails点击它以认识详情clickon点击，leftdouble-clickon左键双击13.openmynewe-dictionaryonmycomputer翻开我电脑上的新电子词典(p48)〈知识链接〉“翻开”电脑的软件用open不用turnon。〈用法拓展〉⑴英汉词典anEnglish-Chinesedictionary，汉英词典aChinese-Englishdictionary⑵查词典：lookupawordinadictionary或lookawordupinadictionary14.restartthecomputer从头启动电脑→startvt.启动；开始→restart从头启动〈知识链接〉re＋部分动词→再，重修，reuse循环使用，retell复述〈用法拓展〉setoff＝startoff出发；起程，setaboutdoingsth开始做某事，着手做某事15.checkthesettings检查设置，double-clickonthe“auto-run”icon双击“自动运行”图标，精心整理精心整理double-clickontheiconfor“Tour”→double-clickontheicon＝double-clickontheiconfor双击图标，putintheCD-ROM插入光盘16.connectthekeyboardtothecomputerproperly正确地连结键盘和电脑〈知识链接〉⑴connectAtoB连结A和B→beconnectedto与连结⑵properadj.正确的→properly17.growaninch长一英寸，growtosixfeetlong长到六英尺长→Afootisequalto12inches.18.dailyEnglish＝everydayEnglish平时英语→dailynewspaper日报，XinhuaDaily新华日报19.goonshorttoursofAustraliaandNewZealand去澳大利亚和新西兰短期旅行(p52)20.behiddeninsomewhereintheArctic被藏在北极的某个地方→behidden＋地址，被藏在21.thetreasurebox百宝箱→treasurehunt寻宝(p55)㈡词汇分析1.onlineadj.联网的；在线的网上聊天，orderapackageonline网上订购一套2.reach⑴vt.抵达＝getto＝arriveat/in⑵达到，e.g.①reach18yearsold年满18岁Thechildisn’ttallenoughtoreachthesnacksonthetable⑶.reachoutahand伸出一只手3.⑴correctlyadv.正确地→correct①adj.正确的→incorrect→incorrectly②vt.更正；修正，更正错误⑵correct正确的→wrong错误的，inthecorrectorder按正确次序4.educatev.教育→educationn.教育→educationaladj.教育的，e.g.①educateoneself自修；培育beeducatedatschool在学校里受教育③haveagoodeducation遇到优秀教育5.knowledgen.知识→knowvt.知道→beknowntosb为某人所知，bewellknown/famousfor因此出名，beknownas作为而出名，e.g.SamuelClemens,whowasknownasMarkTwain,wasafamousAmericanwriter塞.缪斯·克莱门斯，以马克·吐温著名，是美国名作家。6.point⑴n.分数得100分⑵n.小数点读作onepointseventhreetwov.指指出，pointat/to指向7.regards(用于信件的结尾或转达问候)致谢；问候→regardsbas把某人视为8.company简写作Co.，e.g.有限公司companylimited＝Co.,Lducer制作人；制造商。9.使用计算机Officeword常用短语：createafile创立文档，keep/savethefileforfutureuse保留该文档以备用。“收发电子邮件”sendandreceivee-mails需要“电子信箱”e-mailaddress。10.control⑴n.(键盘上的)控制键⑵vt.控制e.g.①Thetrafficlightsarecontrolledbyacentralcomputer.交通信号灯由中心计算机控制。②Thisknobcontrolsthevolume.此旋钮调理音量。二.【要点句型】1.—Whatdoyouuseyourcomputerfor?—Iusuallyuseittosearchforinformation.(p41)〈知识链接〉Whatfor?＝Why?为何?e.g.Whatdidyoudothatfor?＝Whydidyoudothat?2.Itsoundsinteresting,doesn’tit?→“陈说句＋附带疑问？”构成反意疑问句。(p42)⑴附带疑问即“助动词或助动词的否认式缩写＋主语或there”；附带疑问部分的助动词一定与陈说句保持一致，主语一定是人称代词或there，并与陈说句主语的单复数保持一致。⑵前必定后否认；前否认后必定。特别要注意“前否认后必定”答语的英汉差别。⑶反意疑问句的答语为“Yes,主语＋助动词.”或“No,主语＋助动词的否认式”。e.g.—Simondidn’ttakepartinthefootballmatch,didhe?—Yes,hedid.Thoughhewasn’tfeelingwell.—西蒙没有参加足球赛，是吗？—不，他参加了。只管他当时不舒畅。3.Oneday,hewaslyingonthegrassandlookingatthebeautifulbluesky,whenhefellasleepandhadaverystrangedream.一天，他躺在草地上，看着漂亮的蓝天，不知不觉间睡着了，并做了个奇异的梦。lie①躺→lies→lying→lay→lain②谎话→lies→lying→lied→lied③位于→lies→lying→lied→lied〈知识链接〉⑴lie意思是“躺”，常用于liedown躺下，findsb/sthlying＋地址Shefoundapurselyingontheground②.Ifoundahomelessmanlyingatthestreetcorner⑵.fallasleep睡着，e.g.HefellasleepwhenhewaswatchingTV.⑶have/dreamadream做了一个的梦，精心整理精心整理〈用法拓展〉lie⑴谎话，e.g.①Youcouldseefromhisfacethathewaslying②.tellalie谎话⑵位于，e.g.JiangsuliesintheeastofChina.4.Seethosebigcloudsofdifferentcolourswithquestionsonthem?Yougetapointeverytimeyouansweraquestioncorrectly.→everytime＋陈说句，每当，指引时间状语从句。〈知识链接〉getapoint得一分，answeraquestioncorrectly答对一题5.Whenyouhavegotenoughpoints,acloudwillcomedownandcarryyouofftoaplaceyouhavenevervisitedbefore.→youhavenevervisitedbefore是省略关系代词that/which的定语从句。〈知识链接〉havegotenoughpoints获取足够的点数，carryyouoffto把你带到6.Areyouready?Let’sgo！准备好了吗？出发！7.Forexample,whenyoureachLondon,youwilllearnabouttheMuseumofLondonandmanyotherinterestingplaces→①.learnabout认识②manyother＋名词复数，其余很多(p43)8.Everytimeyoupassalevel,youwillseeamapoftheworld→.passalevel过一关〈知识链接〉⑴Everytime＋陈说句，每当⑵amapoftheworld世界地图→amapofChina9.Theplacesyouhavevisitedaremarkedinbrightpurple你.到过的地方都标上了光亮的紫色。10.Getitnowbeforeitissoldout.→sellout售完，besoldout被售完，sellwell好卖(不用被动)〈知识链接〉—HaveyougotasizeM?—Sorry,theyareallsoldout.Theysellwell.11.I’veboughtmanyeducationalCD-ROMsbefore,butI’vefoundnoneofthemtobeanygood.〈知识链接〉findnoneofthemtobeanygood没发现一个好的12.—Howcanyourteacherreadyourhomeworkonthecomputer?—Icansendhime-mailsorprintitout.→readyourhomework批阅作业，sendsbe-mails给某人发电子邮件(p46)〈知识链接〉onthecomputer在电脑上，onthescreen，onTV，ontheInternet(在因特网上)13.—Doyouhaveanewprinter,too?—Yes,anditprintsveryquickly.→该句的print不用被动。14.Mynewcomputerismuchfasterthantheoldone.Icantypeveryeasily,andthekeyboardisverycomfortable.15.We’vegotmanykindsofpersonalcomputers.ThisgreenoneiscalledKiwi,anditisdesignedespeciallyforstudents.→personalcomputer个人电脑，简写作PC。(p48)〈知识链接〉⑴Kiwi①(informal)＝apersonfromNewZealand新西兰人②几维鸟，新西兰鸟，喙长、翼短、无尾、不可以飞③kiwifruit猕猴桃；奇异果⑵bedesignedespeciallyforstudents特别为学生而设计16.—Isitusedwidely?—Ofcourse,verywidelyinBeijing.→bewidelyused被宽泛使用〈知识链接〉Englishiswidelyusedasthesecondlanguageinmanycountries.(bewidelyas被宽泛用作)17.Whenatotaloftenquestionsareansweredincorrectly,theprincesswillbecomebald.(p51)〈知识链接〉⑴totaln.总数，总和e.g.①Yougot47pointsonthewrittenexamand18ontheoral,makingatotalof65你.笔试得了47分，口试得了18分，总分65分。②Outofatotalof15games,theyonlywon2.在总合15场竞赛中，他们只胜了2场。becomebald秃头→become＋形容词18.Thequestionsgetmoredifficultasyougotohigherlevels当.你到更高的级别，问题就更难了。〈知识链接〉as连词，当时，跟着。必.要时她会帮助你。→ifnecessary假如有必需(p52)20.Manytopicsarecoveredinthecourse,includingtravelandhotels,foodanddrink,andshoppingandmoney这.一课程波及很多主题，包含旅行、饭馆、购物和钱币。(p53)〈知识链接〉⑴cover＝include包含；波及⑵including介词，包含在内，e.g.①Histalkcovered/includedthehistorybetweenthetwoWorldWars②.Thepackageincludes/coversabookandtwoCD-ROMs.③Thereweretenstudentsleftintheclassroom,includingTom.21.CanyoushowmehowtostartthisonlinetourofAustralia,please?精心整理精心整理你能告诉我怎样开启这个澳大利亚的在线之旅吗？→howtostart是“疑问词＋动词不定式”。22.Doyoumindtellingmehowtousethisfunction?你介不介怀告诉怎样使用这个功能？〈知识链接〉mind介怀，表示恳求同意或客气地请人做事。注意以下两种表达的不一样：Do/Wouldyoumindmy/medoingsth?或Do/WouldyoumindifIdosth?你介怀我做某事吗？表示恳求对方的同意，答语为Ofcoursenot.Certainlynot.或You’dbetternot.Betternot.Do/Wouldyouminddoingsth?你介怀做某事吗？表示客气地请人做事。Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?＝DoyoumindifIopenthewindow?我开窗户好吗？②Wouldyoumindexplainingthatagain,please?请你再解说一遍行吗？请做题—Wouldyoumind?I’mfeelingtootired.—Ofcoursenot.Letmedoit.23.Justdouble-clickonthe“Pencil”icon.Aworksheethasjustappearedonthescreen.〈知识链接〉⑴appear是不及物动词，不可以用于被动语态。appear出现→disappear消逝sheetn.①床单换床单②一张(往常指标准尺寸的纸)e.g.500sheets24.Inwhichcountriesisthegamesold?这个游戏在哪些国家销售？(p55)〈知识链接〉Inwhichcountries不可以去掉介词in，e.g.Whichcitydidyougotolastsummer?25.Thegoalofthegameistotravelaroundtheworldtolearnthehistoryofeachplaceandusethisknowledgetoopenthetreasurebox→.当主语是goal等时，用动词不定式betodo作表语。.【语法详解】被动语态㈠英语中的语态－主动语态和被动语态⒈英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的履行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：①Theybuiltanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)→Anewbridgewasbuiltovertheriverbythem.(被动)②ManypeoplespeakEnglish.(主动)→Englishisspokenbymanypeople.被(动)⒉汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词构成”，即“be＋p.p.”，此中助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。㈡被动语态的基本用法⒈当句子的主语是动作的履行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be＋过去分词构成，时态经过动词be表现出来。⒉什么时候使用被动语态⑴不知道或没有必需说明动作的履行者是谁。Somewindowswerebrokenlastnight②.Thisbookwaspublished(第一版)in2005.注意：第②句＝Teout是不及物动词短语，不可以用于被动语态。⑵只重申换作的承受者，而不重申换作的履行者。EducationalCD-ROMsaresoldinmanycountries②.RicewasfirstgrowninChina.Englishislearnedallovertheworld.注意：不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态，如：appear,happen,takeplace等。㈢被动语态的基本构造⒈动作的承受者＋be＋过去分词＋其余＋by＋动作的履行者。简写为“承受者＋be＋过去分词＋其余＋by＋动作的履行者”。⒉主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：确立主动语态的时态，它决定着被动语态中的助动词be。→找出主动语态的主、谓、宾。→依据上述句式改写：承受者+be+过去分词+其余＋by＋履行者⒊常用的被动语态构造时态构造时态构造一般此刻时am/is/are＋p.p.含神态动can/may/must/be＋精心整理精心整理词p.p.一般过去时was/were＋p.p.此刻达成have/hasbeen+p.p.时一般未来时will/shallbe＋p.p.此刻进行am/is/arebeing+p.p.am/is/aregoingtobe＋时p.p.⒋主动改为被动语态的例子：主动语态基本构造为主、谓、宾。Hisbrotherwashesdisheseveryday→.Dishesarewashedeverydaybyhisbrother.主(履行者)谓宾(承受者)其余⑵Peterwillcleantheroomtomorrow.→TheroomwillbecleanedtomorrowbyPeter.⑶Hemustlookafterthelittleboy.→Thelittleboymustbelookedafterbyhim.⑷Thestudentsarewatchingacharityshow→.Acharityshowisbeingwatchedbythestudents.㈣特别状况的被动语态简单句五种基本形式中的此中两种变为被动语态时十分重要：⒈主谓＋双宾：这种短语含有介词to或for。如：give,send,show,buy,makegivesbsth＝givesthtosb，buysbsth＝buysthforsb主动语态：Amygavemesomenicestickers＝.Amygavesomenicestickerstome.被动语态：IwasgivensomenicestickersbyAmy或.SomenicestickersweregiventomebyAmy.⑵主动：Afairygavetheprincessamagicwand＝.AfairygaveamagicwandtoPrincessLaura.被动：Theprincesswasgivenamagicwandbyafairy或.Amagicwandwasgiventotheprincess.总结含有双宾语的动词短语变为被动语态的规则：能够把任何一个宾语作为被动语态的主语；如果把直接宾语(即物体)作为主语，动词和直接宾语之间要增添相应的介词to或for。主动语态中无论使用givesbsth仍是givesthtosb，一律依据上述句子改写，即：givesbsth或givesthtosb→sbbegivensth或sthbegiventosb，这种含有介词to或for的短语见下表主动语态被动语态sendsbsth或sendsthtosbsbbesentsth或sthbesenttosbshowsbsth或showsthtosbsbbeshownsth或sthbeshowntosbbuysbsth或buysthforsbsbbeboughtsth或sthbeboughtforsbmakesbsth或makesthforsbsbbemadesth或sthbemadeforsb⒉主谓宾＋省略to的不定式(即宾补)：使役动词变为被动语态时，本来省略的to必定要加上。常有短语⑴makesbdosth→sbbemadetodosth(主动语态不含to，被动语态一定带to。下同)hearsbdosth→sbbeheardtodosthseesbdosth→sbbeseentodosth⑷havesbdosth→sbbehadtodosth注意特别例子：letsbdosth→sbbeletdosth(主动语态和被动语态都不含to。)→.Theworkersweremadetowork12hoursaday.㈤主动形式表示被动意义：有些不及物动词(其主语多半指物)的主动语态能够表示被动意义。⒈某些连系动词。这些动词有feel,taste,smell,sound,prove等。Thecoffeesmellsdelicious.②Thestoryprovedquitefalse.⒉某些可与well,easily,quickly等副词连用的不及物动词。Thiskindofbikessellswell.②Thiskindofricecooksmorequicklythanthatkind.⒊某些可用于“主＋谓＋主补”构造中的不及物动词。e.g.Thebagbrokeopen.⒋动名词在beworthdoing句型中的主动形式表示被动含义。HisnovelsaresowellworthreadingthatIwantone②.Thesestampsareworthcollecting.⒌动名词在need,want,require等动词后，主动形式表示被动含义。needdoing＝needtobedone精心整理精心整理Theproblemrequiresdealingwithimmediately.②Herbikeneededrepairing.⒍动词不定式的主动形式在tooto句型中表示被动含义。Theboxistooheavytocarry.⒎有些形容词后的动词不定式有被动含义。这些形容词有easy,difficult,heavy,nice,good,pleasant,important,useful,dangerous等。Badhabitsareeasytocontract②.Englishisdifficulttolearn.Unit4.【优选词汇】㈠要点短语1.holdamicrophone拿着麦克风→比较：Thehostcameonstagewithamicrophoneinhishand.2.Congratulations!庆祝你！congratulations在向他人表示庆祝、祝福常常用复数。(p60)3.bechosentobe/asthehostofacharityshow→bechosentobe/as被选作〈知识链接〉bechosentodosth被选做某事，e.g.Hepburnwaschosentoplaytheleadrole.4.fund-raisingactivitiesforcharities为慈善机构筹款的活动，advertiseontheInternet在网上做广告advertiseonTV/inthenewspaper/inthemagazine在电视上/报纸上/杂志上做广告，organizeacharityshow组织慈善演出，sellbookstoraisemoney卖书来筹款(p61)5.giveoutleaflets发传单→giveout散发，动词＋副词构造，giveit/themout。6.returntoschool重返学校→return⑴回到returnto＋地址⑵returnsthtosb把某物送还某人〈知识链接〉⑴returnto＝gobackto回到⑵returnsthtosb＝givesthbacktosb送还HongKongreturnedtoChinain1997.②Irememberedreturningthebooktothelibrary.7.helpprotectriversandlakesinChina帮助保护中国的河流和湖泊→help(to)dosth帮助做8.hostacharityshow主持慈善演出，startworkingontheshow开始着手演出工作(p62)9.havealotofsupportfromlocalbusinesses获取当地公司的很多支持〈知识链接〉havesupportfromsb＝havesb’ssupport获取某人的支持，’support.businessn⑴.公司；商行⑵事情①Mindyourownbusiness.＝It’snoneofyourbusiness不.关你的事。onbusiness因公；公干HehasgonetoBeijingonbusiness③.businesshours营业时间〈用法拓展〉⑴bebusywithsth忙于某事⑵bebusy(in)doingsth忙于做某事(联想记忆：由于忙的时候人在做事，因此bebusy以后用动词的ing形式)⑶asbusyasabee极繁忙地10.performonthestage在舞台上表演→performv.→performern.表演者→performancen.表演11.onthesidedoor在侧门上，atbothsidesofthestage在舞台的双侧，inthemiddleofthestage在舞台的中间，inthefourcornersoftheschoolhall在学校礼堂的四个角落里(p67)12.designtheposter设计海报，setupthestage搭建舞台，askfriendsandfamiliestocome(p70)13.makeasentence造句→makeasentencewith用造句，keepsilent保持缄默，fromnowon从今此后(用于未来时)，sincethen自那时起(用于达成时)，dayandnight日昼夜夜，firstofall第一；最重要的是，caremoreabout多关注→caremoreaboutthepeopleinneed，careonlyabout只关怀，careabout在乎,关怀(p72)14.make/doaspeech演讲→freedomofspeech言论的自由(p73)㈡词汇分析1.中国的慈善机构：ProjectHope希望工程，SpringBudProject春蕾计划，ProjectGreenHope绿色希望工程，SaveChina’sTigers拯救中国虎2.TVcameras摄像机，TVstation电视台→ChineseCentralTelevisionStation＝CCTV3.rise⑴vi.上升，(太阳、月亮)升起→反义词set，e.g.①Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest太.阳东升西落。②Thecurtainrose⑵.(水)涨高⑶.(物价)上升物.价上升得很惊人。〈用法拓展〉⑴rise→rose→risenvi.上升；升起⑵raise→raised→raisedvt.举起；升起，筹集二.【要点句型】精心整理精心整理1.Onlyifyousleeplessduringtheday只.要你白日少睡一些觉(p60)〈知识链接〉onlyif只需就；只有才2.Therearemanywaystoraisemoneyforcharity为.慈善筹款有很多方式。3.Alotofworkneededtobefinished,soIdon’thavemuchfreetime.(p62)〈知识链接〉主语是事物时，needtobedone＝needdoing主动形式表示被动。Yourclothesaresodirty.Theyneedwashing./Theyneedtobewashed.(SeeUnit3语法详解)4.Itwasmyjobtointroduceeachstar我.的工作是介绍每一个明星。〈知识链接〉当主语是job,duty,goal,purpose,aim,dream,wish等时，动词be以后用动词不定式作表语。e.g.①Herdutyistocleanthestreet②.Hisdreamistobeanexplorer.5.Icouldn’tsleepatallthatnightbecauseIwassoexcited‘Willitbeasuccess?.’Ikeptaskingmyself.〈知识链接〉⑴notatall根本不；一点也不⑵keptdoingsth频频做某事beasuccess成功＝besuccessful，beabig/greatsuccess特别成功6.Notimetobenervousanymore.Thisisit!没有时间再紧张了。就这样吧！〈知识链接〉(Therebe)notimetodosth没.有时间做某事。’snotimetohavebreakfast.7.Thefansofthepopstarsweremakingalotofnoise,soIhadtospeakloudly.〈知识链接〉⑴makealotofnoise高声喧华→makeanoise喧华；发出响声speakloudly高声说话→readaloud朗诵(动词＋副词构造)，readit/themaloud8.Everythingseemedtohappensofast,andnowitisallover.〈知识链接〉seemadj好.像；仿佛⑴seem(tobe)＋形容词＝look＋形容词seem(tobe)happySbseems/seemedtodosth.＝Itseems/seemedthatsbdosth仿佛/仿佛某人做某事，Everythingseemedtohappensofast＝.Itseemedthateverythinghappenedsofast⑶.Itseemstomethatsbdosth.9.AlotofmoneyhasbeendonatedtoProjectGreenHope→.have/hasbeen＋过去分词〈知识链接〉donatesthtosb向捐献某物→sthbedonatedtosb某物被捐馈赠e.g.PeoplehavedonatedtensofmillionsofyuantoProjectHopesinceitwasfoundedin1989.10.IhopemoreeventslikethiswillbeorganizedtoraisemoneyforcharityandIthinkmorepeopleshouldbeinvitedtotakepartinthem.→moreeventslikethis更多像这样的活动〈知识链接〉⑴invitesbto..→sbbeinvitedto应邀到某地，invitesbtodosth→sbbeinvitedtodosth应邀做某事，’sbirthdayparty.takepartin＝joinin参加→attend列席，e.g.Manyimportantpersonsattendedtheconference.11.Iwasgladtoreceiveyoure-mail.Itwasgreatfuntobeahost,wasn’tit?(p69)12.Somechildreninpoorareasdonothavemoneytogotoschool,soProjectHopepayfortheireducation.〈知识链接〉payforsth付的款，paysomemoneyforsth买某物付钱13.Ourclassheldameetingtotalkaboutholdingacharityshow→.hold/haveameeting开会〈知识链接〉talkaboutsb/sth议论、讨论某人或某事，talkaboutdoingsth议论、讨论做某事14.Wehavearrangedworkamongthestudents我.们已在同学中分派了工作。(p71)〈知识链接〉⑴arrangevt.安排；筹办→rearrangevt.从头安排；从头摆列，arrange→arrangement，rearrange→rearrangement。⑵.among在中(两者以上)→between在中(两者)e.g.①Thereisawoodenhouseamongthetrees②.Englishiswidelyusedforbusinessbetweencountries.15.Ihopethatourshowwillbeheldattheschoolhall.Ihopealotofpopstarscanbeinvitedtotheshow.〈知识链接〉⑴hope＋that指引的一般未来时或含有神态动词can的从句。⑵hopetodosth希望做某事。英语里没有hopesbtodosth，一定改为hope＋that从句。〈用法拓展〉⑴want/wishtodosth想做某事，want/wishsbtodosth想让某人做某事。⑵wish＋that从句①表示祝福、祝福②表示不行能实现或很难实现的梦想e.g.①Iwishyouwillhavesuccessatschool②.Iwishyouahappynewyear③.IwishIwereabirdandcouldflyinthes精心整理精心整理kyfreely.16.ProjectHopeisanorganizationthatraisesmoneytobuildschoolsandbuybooksforpoorstudents.(p72)〈知识链接〉画线部分是关系代词that/which指引的定语从句，该句不可以省略关系代词。17.Wewouldliketothankthefollowingfortheirhelpandsupport.感谢以下(单位或个人)的帮助或支持。18.Wethinkit’simportantthatallchildrenlearntoreadandwrite该.句中的it＝that从句。(p74)19.Theirparentshavenomoney,sothechildrenhavetogotoworkinstead.这些孩子的父亲母亲没钱，因此他们得去干活。〈知识链接〉⑴instead是副词，意思是“取代，反而，却”，表示“本应做的事没有做，反而”。e.g.Lethimgoinstead.⑵insteadof＋名词/人称代词宾格/动名词/介词短语，取代,而不是。Hewasill.Ididtheworkinsteadofhim.②HespenthisfreetimechattingonlineinsteadofwatchingTV.③Thechildrenshouldgotoschoolinsteadofworkingtosupporttheirfamilies.孩子们应当上学，而不是干活养家。④ShewillgotoDalianbyshipinsteadofbyplane.20.Afterafewsongs,therewasabreak.(p75)〈知识链接〉breakn.暂停，歇息(工作时的间歇)常用于：haveabreak歇息一下。〈用法拓展〉⑴breakdown出故障⑵breakinto强行闯进⑶breakout(战争、地震、火灾等)发生Afirebrokeoutlastnight.⑷breakvi.凌晨，e.g.Daybroke.天亮了。→Nightfell.天黑了.Unit5.【优选词汇】㈠要点短语1.havesomepocketmoneyleft→Sbhavesthleft某人剩下某物。→Therebesth/sbleft.剩下(p76)〈知识链接〉⑴Shehasspentallhermoneyonthisbook.Nowshehasnoneleft.Hurryup.Thereislittletimeleft.2.aflyingeyehospital飞翔眼科医院，perform/dooperations做手术，teachthemnewskillsandshareourknowledge教他们新技术、分享我们的知识，watchtheoperationsonvideo观看手术录像，trainlocaldoctorsandnurses培训当地的医护人员(p78)3.beusedasateachingcentre被用作教课中心→beusedas被用作→useas把用作〈知识链接〉beusedas→useas，USA.4.operateon150patients→operateon＝perform/doanoperationon给做手术(79)〈知识链接〉operate→operation→operatingroom手术室→operatingtable手术台〈用法拓展〉operatev操.作，e.g.①Canyouoperatecomputers?②Thismachinedoesn’toperatewell.5.beproudtobeabletohelpsomanypeople→proudadj.骄傲的；骄傲的→priden.骄傲〈知识链接〉⑴beproudtodosth因做某事而骄傲/骄傲，I’mproudtobeamemberoftheteam.be/feelproudof认为骄傲/骄傲，⑶.be/feelproud＋that从句，认为荣，’sproudthathersonhassomuchtalent⑷.betheprideof是的骄傲，e.g.Hisgreatsuccessistheprideofu