高中英语语法-虚拟语气

虚拟语气(SubjunctiveMood)有人说网络是个虚拟的世界，不是现实，但其实网络比现实还要真实，它是现实，而现实并不一定是现实。01条件句中的虚拟语气02名词性从句中的虚拟语气03其他场合中的虚拟语气04虚拟语气与其他语气的区分核心考点1虚拟语气与其他语气的区分1.陈述语气

①Iwenttothetheatreyesterday.

②Jackhadn’tcomebackhomeyet.③Shelikescollectingstamps.④Wewillvisitthemusuemtomorrow.1虚拟语气与其他语气的区分2.祈使语气

①Let’sgo.

②Don’ttouchanythingonthetableuntilthebellrings.③Pleasecomeandattendourparty.1虚拟语气与其他语气的区分1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldnotleaveheralone.

2.Ourteachersuggestedthatwegotothelibrarythisafternoon.3.IwishIhadfollowedhisadvice.4.Itistimethatwewenttobed.5.Withoutyourkindhelp,wecouldn'thavefinishedthejob.

if引导的非真实条件句

含蓄条件句

混合虚拟

2条件句中的虚拟语气

省略倒装

1.Hewouldcometothepartyifhedidnothavetowork.2.Ifhehastime,healwayswalksintothecafeandasksforacupofcoffee.3.IfIhadenoughmoneyIwouldbuyanewcar.4.I'llgowithyoutothegalleryifitdoesn'traintomorrow.

if引导的非真实条件句VS真实条件句

=Hewantstocome,buthecannotjustbecausehehastowork.=Healwayswalksintothecafeandasksforacupofcoffeewhenhehastime.=Idon'thaveenoughmoney,soIcan'tbuyanewcar.=Ifitissunnytomorrow,I'llgowithyoutothegallery.虚拟语气虚拟语气真实条件句表示条件是真的或有可能实现的,采用陈述语气。虚拟条件句(非真实条件句)表示条件是无法实现或几乎无法实现的,采用虚拟语气。1.与现在事实相反

①IfIwereaboy,Imightjointhearmy.②IfIknewtheanswer,Iwouldtellyou.if引导的非真实条件句

2.与过去事实相反①Ifyouhadworkedhard,youwouldhaveeasilypassedtheexam.②Ifhehaddrivenmorecarefully,heshouldn'thavehadthecaraccidentyesterday.3.与将来可能相反①Ifweshouldfailagain,wewouldn'tlose

confidence.②Ifthesunweretoriseinthewest,Iwouldnotchangemymind.③Ifitrainedtomorrow，thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.I.if引导的非真实条件句

条件从句If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来可能相反did

(were)haddonewould/could/should/might+havedonewould/could/should/might+do1.did(were)2.shoulddo3.weretodowould/could/should/might+doI.if引导的非真实条件句

1.Wedon'tknowheraddress.Ifwe___________(know)it,we__________________(send)herabigbunchofflowers.2.IshouldnothavelaughedifI____________(think)youwereserious.3.IfTomhadn'tdrivenaftergettingdrunk,he__________________(have)acaraccident.4.IfI___________________________(win)thelotterysomeday,Iwouldbuyabighouseformyparents.5.Ifthehighestaimofacaptain_______(be)topreservehisship,hewouldkeepitinportforever.——ThomasAquinas6.Ifmenwereangels,nogovernment___________(be)necessary.——JamesMadison7.Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit_______(rain).knewhadthoughtwouldn'thavehadwon/weretowin/shouldwin

werewouldberainswouldsendII.if引导的非真实条件句中的省略倒装

1.Wedon'tknowheraddress.Ifweknewit,wewouldsendherabigbunchofflowers.2.IshouldnothavelaughedifIhadthoughtyouwereserious.3.IfTomhadn'tdrivenaftergettingdrunk,hewouldn'thavehadacaraccident.4.IfIwon/weretowin/shouldwinthelotterysomeday,Iwouldbuyabighouseformyparents.5.Ifthehighestaimofacaptainweretopreservehisship,hewouldkeepitinportforever.6.Ifmenwereangels,nogovernmentwouldbenecessary.当虚拟条件句的谓语部分含有were,should,had时，可以省略if，而将were,should,had置于句首。II.if引导的非真实条件句中的省略倒装

2.IshouldnothavelaughedifIhadthoughtyouwereserious.3.IfTomhadn'tdrivenaftergettingdrunk,hewouldn'thavehadacaraccident.4.IfIweretowin/shouldwinthelotterysomeday,Iwouldbuyabighouseformyparents.5.Ifthehighestaimofacaptainweretopreservehisship,hewouldkeepitinportforever.6.Ifmenwereangels,nogovernmentwouldbenecessary.hadIthoughtHadTomnotdrivenWereItowin/ShouldIwinWerethehightestaimofacaptainWeremenangels当虚拟条件句的谓语部分含有were,should,had时，可以省略if，而将were,should,had置于句首。III.含蓄虚拟条件句 有时一个假设的情况并不用if条件从句表示，而用其它方式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。1.用with, without，but for等介词短语来替代条件从句。①Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn'thaveachievedsuchgreatprogress.②Butforyourwarning,Iwouldhavewastedmuchvaluabletime.③Withmuchmorewater,theflowercouldhavesurvivedthesummer.Ifyouhadn'thelpedme,Icouldn'thaveachievedsuchgreatprogress.Ifyouhadn'twarnedme,Iwouldn'thavewastedmuchvaluabletime.Ifithadbeengivenmorewater,theflowercouldhavesurvivedthesummer.III.含蓄虚拟条件句 有时一个假设的情况并不用if条件从句表示，而用其它方式来表示，这样的句子叫含蓄条件句。2.or,otherwise和but①TommusthaveleftforAmericayesterday.Otherwise,hewouldhavecometomyparty.②Hemusthavehadanaccident,orhewouldhavebeenherethen.③Shewouldhavegonewithus,butshedidn'thavetime.IfTomhadn'tleftforAmericayesterday,hewouldhavecometomyparty.Ifhehadn'thadanaccident,hewouldhavebeenherethen.Shewouldhavegonewithusifshehadtime.III.含蓄虚拟条件句 ①Theywereabroadduringthemonthswhenwewerecarryingouttheinvestigation,orthey___________________(attend)ourmeeting.②I________________(go)tomycousin’sbirthdaypartylastnight,butIwasnotavailable.③Thedrivermighthavehadanaccidentbutforthefactthathe________(brake)thecarintime.④Hewasverybusyyesterday;otherwisehe_________________(come)totheparty.⑤Withoutthesun,nothing____________(grow)wouldhavecomewouldhaveattendedwouldhavegonebraked

wouldgrowIV.混合虚拟条件句 有时候，条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时，谓语动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整，这种句子可称作错综时间条件句。①Tomwouldbealivetodayifthedoctorhadcomesoonerlastnight.如果医生昨晚来得早点的话，汤姆今天就会仍然活着。②Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbestudyingintheuniversitynow.如果你以前更加努力地学习的话，你现在就会已经在大学里学习了。③Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldn'tbeinsuchabadsituationnow.如果你早听我的建议，你现在就不会处在这么糟糕的境地。巩固练习1.Davidisnotasculptor.Ifhe_______(be),he_____________(make)asculpturefortheexhibition.2.MissJiangexplainedthehomeworktotheclassyesterday.IfMike____________(pay)moreattentionatthetime,he_________________(notmiss)herinstructions.3.I'msorry,Idon'thaveacompass.OfcourseI__________(lend)ittoyouifI________(have)one.4.Lendoesn'tthinkhewilleverwinapoetrycompetition.If,bychance,he____________________________(win),he_____________(spend)theprizemoneyonacomputer.5.IfhehadspentmoretimepracticingspeakingEnglishbefore,he__________(be)abletospeakitmuchbetternow.werewouldmakehadpaidwouldn'thavemissedwouldlendhadwon/weretowin/shouldwinwouldspendwouldbe6.HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergy_______________________(save).7.Givenmoretime,thetrees___________________(grow)better.8.Butfortheirhelp,we_________________(get)overthedifficulty.1.如果我昨天知道你的电话号码，我就给你打电话了。2.要不是Smith先生的慷慨帮助，我不可能完成这项工作。3.要是我去做这项工作，我就会以不同的方式去做。4.如果你昨晚不看电视，现在就不会这么困了。wouldhavebeensavedwouldhavegrownwouldn'thavegotIfIhadknownyourtelephonenumberyesterday,Iwouldhavecalledyou.ButforMr.Smith'sgeneroushelp,Iwouldnothavefinishedthisjob.IfIweretodothework,Ishoulddoitinadifferentway.Ifyouhadn'twatchedTVlastnight,youwouldn'tbesosleepynow.3名词性从句中的虚拟语气1.一个坚持(insist)两个命令(order,command)三个建议(advise,suggestrecommend)四个要求(require,requestdemand,desire)(should)+do2.Itis+adj.(necessary(important,natural,strange,impossible,surprising)+主语从句Itis+n.(apity/shame)+主语从句should+do3.wish+宾语从句现在：did(were)过去：haddone将来

：would/could/might+do一个坚持（insist）Heinsistedthatthemeeting(should)

beputofftillnextmonth.两个命令(order,command)Itisorderedthatallsoldiers(should)besenttothefront.三个建议(advise,suggest,recommend)Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)getstartedsoonenough.四个要求(require,request,demand,desire)Shemadearequestthatadoctor(should)besentforatonce.1.凡是跟下列动词有关的名词性从句，从句都用(should)do当insist表示“坚持要求……”时，从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用（should）+do; 表示“坚持说，坚持认为”时，用陈述语气，从句的谓语动词形视情况而定。Heinsistedthatshe______(be)seriouslyillandthat____________(send)tohospitalsatonce.当suggest表示“建议”时，从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用（should）+do; 表示“暗示，表明”时，用陈述语气，从句的谓语动词形视情况而定。Thelookonhisfacesuggestedhe_________(be)angryandthatwe_____________(leave)himalone.was(should)besentwasshouldleave2.Itis+adj.(necessary,important,vital,essentical,natural,strange,impossible,surprising)+主语从句(从句用虚拟语气should+do)Itis+n.(apity/shame)+主语从句(从句用虚拟语气should+do)Itwasapity(ashame)thatyoushouldbesocareless.Itisstrangethatsuchapersonshouldbeourfriend.Itwasnecessarythatwe(should)makeeverythingreadyaheadoftime.Itisvitalthatenoughmoney(should)becollectedtofundtheproject．3.wish+宾语从句现在：did(were)过去：haddone将来

：would/could/might+doIwishitwerespringalltheyearround.IwishIhadknowntheanswerearlier.IwishIcould/would/mightliveonthemoonsomeday.4其他场合中的虚拟语气wouldrather+从句(did/haddone)ifonly+从句(did/haddone)It's(high)time(that)+从句(did/shoulddo)4asif+从句

(didhaddonewould/could/mightdo)wouldrather+从句(did/haddone)宁愿Iwouldratheryousatintheclassroomtolistentotheteachernow.IwouldratherIhadtakentheteacher'sadviceonhowtopasstheexamlastweek.ifonly+从句(did/haddone)但愿，要是...就好了IfonlyIknewwhatyouwant.IfonlyIhadseizedthechancetostudyabroad!It's(high)time(that)+从句用did/shoulddo该做...的时候了It'shightimethatwediscussedthatproblemseriously.=It'shightimethatweshoulddiscusstheproblemseriously.asif(asthough)引出的方式状语从句中好像，似乎HelooksasifhewereanAmerican.Youhadbettertalkaboutitwithyourfather,becausehelooksasifhehadknownthetruth.Hedoesitcrazilyas