南开大学外国语学院《357英语翻译基础》专业硕士历年考研真题及详解合集

目录2016年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含部分答案）2015年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含答案）2014年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含答案）2013年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含答案）2012年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解

2011年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2010年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解

2016年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含部分答案）一、英汉互译1．ISO【答案】国际标准化组织2．documentagainstacceptance【答案】承兑交单3．nucleardisarmament【答案】核裁军4．overheadpedestrianwalk【答案】天桥5．USfederalreservesystem【答案】美国联邦储备系统6．almamater【答案】母校7．leapyear【答案】闰年8．pleadinnocent【答案】无罪答辩9．B/L【答案】海上运输提单

10．WHO【答案】世界卫生组织11．紫外线【答案】ultravioletray12．食品添加剂【答案】foodadditives13．摩擦系数【答案】frictioncoefficient14．亚洲基础设施投资银行【答案】AsianInfrastructureInvestmentBank15．驾驶证【答案】driverlicense16．民用工业【答案】civilindustry17．农历【答案】lunarcalendar18．常备军【答案】standingarmy19．大众传播【答案】MassCommunication

20．室内装饰【答案】interiordecoration二、段落翻译英译汉：关于戴安娜王妃的简略评价以及穿插了一点查尔斯王子的内容；汉译英：是散文，讲节日的真正含义（把平日因工作和利害关系而分开的人们重聚在一起享受真正的节日）。

2015年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含答案）一、英汉互译1．Noah’sArk【答案】诺亚方舟2．CostaRica【答案】哥斯达黎加3．FreeTradeAreaoftheAsia-Pacific【答案】亚太自由贸易区4．ScottishIndependenceReferendum【答案】苏格兰独立公投5．ImmigrantInvestorProgram【答案】投资移民计划6．Zerotolerance【答案】零误差7．Cyberpower【答案】硕天电源8．EuropeanMonetaryIntegration【答案】欧洲货币一体化9．Carpooling【答案】拼车

10．Anti-apartheidicon【答案】反种族隔离偶像11．Airdefenseidentificationzone【答案】防空识别区12．Residencepermit【答案】长期居留许可；居住证13．Informationsovereignty【答案】信息主权14．Mutualvisa-exemptionagreement【答案】互免签证协议15．Issueprice【答案】发行价16．高架公路【答案】expressway17．外来物种【答案】alienspecies18．公益大使【答案】charityambassador19．双轨思路【答案】dual-trackapproach

20．中期选举【答案】MidtermElection21．独立董事【答案】independentdirector22．联合声明【答案】jointdeclaration23．仪仗队【答案】HonorGuard24．周边外交【答案】neighborhooddiplomacy25．亚太经合组织【答案】APEC(Asia-PacificEconomicCooperation)26．清明节【答案】Tomb-sweepingDay27．期货交易【答案】futurestrading28．考勤制度【答案】workattendancecheckingsystem29．过度开垦【答案】excessreclamation

30．个人抵押贷款【答案】loanonpersonalsecurity二、段落翻译英译汉：workercompensationlaw汉译英：丝绸之路

2014年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含答案）一、英汉互译1．CBD【答案】中央商务区(CentralBusinessDistrict)2．NYSE【答案】纽约证券交易所（NewYorkStockExchange）3．RoyalSwedishAcademyofScience【答案】瑞典皇家科学协会4．ChicagoBoardofTrade【答案】芝加哥交易所（世界最大的谷物交易所）5．stakeholder【答案】利益相关者6．multi-polarworld【答案】多极世界7．economicaggregate【答案】经济总体数字；经济活动总量8．GPS【答案】全球定位系统9．UNESCO【答案】联合国教科文组织

10．anirrevocableletterofcredit【答案】不可撤销信用证11．shareholdingsystem【答案】股份制12．extensivedeforestation【答案】过度砍伐13．sustainabledevelopment【答案】可持续发展14．技术传播【答案】technologytransfer15．全球价值链【答案】GlobalValueChains16．国际货币基金组织【答案】InternationalMonetaryFund(IMF)17．国有企业【答案】state-ownedbusiness18．诚实守信【答案】HonestandTrustworthy19．碳排放【答案】carbonemission

20．虚拟经济【答案】VirtualEconomy21．准据法【答案】applicablelaw22．边际成本【答案】marginalcost23．高速公路【答案】expressway24．诺贝尔文学获奖者【答案】TheNobelPrizewinner25．金砖四国【答案】BRIC（BrazilRussiaIndiaChina）26．创意产业顾问【答案】aconsultantofCreativeIndustries27．另有说明除外【答案】exceptwhereotherwiseprovided28．石油输出国组织【答案】OPEC(OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries)

2013年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含答案）一、英汉互译1．RCEP（RoyalCommissiononEnvironmentalPollution）【答案】皇家环境污染委员会2．abullmarket【答案】牛市3．Russianruble【答案】俄罗斯卢布4．anti-dumping【答案】反倾销5．stockintrade【答案】库存，存货6．paidondelivery【答案】货到付款7．unanimousvote【答案】全票通过8．carbonfootprint【答案】碳足迹9．recursivefunction【答案】递归函数

10．provisionalagenda【答案】临时议程11．ready-madegarment【答案】成衣12．UnitedNationsecretariat【答案】联合国秘书处13．GlobalEnvironmentFacility【答案】全球环境基金14．InternationalRefugeeOrganization【答案】国际难民组织15．TheWorldTravelandTourismCouncil【答案】世界旅行和旅游理事会16．种族歧视【答案】racediscrimination17．就职演说【答案】inauguralspeech18．和谐共赢【答案】harmoniousandwin-win19．文化事业【答案】culturalundertakings

20．全民健身【答案】nationwidefitnessprograms21．本地化服务【答案】localizationservices22．产能过剩行业【答案】industrieswithexcesscapacity23．放宽市场准入【答案】liberalizemarketaccess24．自主创新能力【答案】capacityforindependentinnovation25．载人航天飞行【答案】mannedspaceflight26．促进生态修复【答案】promoteecologicalrestoration27．公共卫生体系【答案】publichealthsystem28．科技成果产业化【答案】industrializationofscientificandtechnologicalachievements29．多语言跨文化交际【答案】multi-languagecross-culturalcommunication

30．古为今用，洋为中用【答案】makethepastservethepresent,tomakeforeignthingsserveChina二、英译汉：Aslongasthereisclassdivisionandsocialinequality,KarlMarxwillbethemostrelevantsocialthinkerofthetwenty-onecentury……三、汉译英：科学家们花了300年的时间，通过做实验并进行计算，才确定了光在真空中惊人的传播速度：每秒钟186,282英里（约折合299,784公里）。光在空气中的传播速度比真空中稍慢一点。实际上在一些极度的实验中，已经可以把光减速到犹如爬行，甚至可以使其看起来像是在后退。但是在我们日常生活所遇到的尺度范围中，光传播得极快，以致于我们感觉周围的一切都是实时发生的。抬头仰望夜空，这种错觉就开始站不住脚了。“光从那里到达地球需要时间，所以‘那里’越远，光离开那里的时间也就越早，因此我们在某个时刻看到的所有天体都是过去的情形。”【参考译文】Ittook300yearsofexperimentandcalculationtopindownthespeedatwhichlighttravelsinavacuum:animpressive186,282milespersecond.Lightwilltravelslightlyslowerthanthisthroughair,andsomewildexperimentshaveactuallyslowedlighttoacrawlandseeminglymadeitgobackward,butatthescalesencounteredinoureverydaylives,lightissofastthatweperceiveoursurroundingsinrealtime.Lookupintothenightskyandthisillusionbeginstofalter.“Becauselighttakestimetogetherefromthere,thefartheraway'there'isthefurtherinthepastlightleftthereandsoweseeallobjectsatsometimeinthepast.”

2012年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、英汉词组互译（30分）1．EQ【答案】情商2．IAEA【答案】国际原子能机构3．HDTV【答案】高清晰电视4．NMD【答案】国家导弹防御系统5．CBD【答案】中央商务区6．API【答案】空气污染指数7．OA【答案】办公自动化8．VOD【答案】视频点播9．UnitedNationsConferenceonTradeandDevelopment【答案】联合国贸易和发展会议

10．NorthAmericanFreeTradeArea【答案】北美自由贸易区11．consumergoods【答案】生活消费品12．endangeredanimalspecies【答案】濒危动物物种13．geneticengineering【答案】基因工程14．sewagetreatmentplants【答案】污水处理厂15．tradesurplus【答案】贸易顺差16．非政府组织【答案】NGO(non-governmentalorganization)17．软件开发【答案】softwaredevelopment18．野生生物保护【答案】wildlifeconservation19．矿产资源【答案】mineralresources

20．批发价【答案】wholesaleprice21．技术转让【答案】transferoftechnology22．经济过热【答案】overheatedeconomy23．外汇储备【答案】foreignexchangereserves24．计划生育【答案】familyplanning25．三角债【答案】chaindebts26．购买力【答案】purchasingpower27．关税【答案】tariff28．经济杠杆【答案】economicleverage29．宏观调控【答案】macro-control

30．国际标准化【答案】internationalstandardization二、将下列文章译成汉语（60分）Unintendedconsequencescanbeabyproductofsweepingchange.WhenHenryFordinventedtheautomobile,theworldwastransformedbyitsspeedandconvenience.Fewpeople,ifany,consideredwhatmillionsofautomobilesmightmeanfortheworld'senergysupplyandclimateacenturydowntheroad.Similarly,withtheproliferationofpersonalcomputer,businessesandconsumersquicklyrealizedthecostandtime-savingbenefitsoftheInternet,e-mailandhigh-speedbroadband.Informationtechnologytransformedtheinformationage,andglobalcommerce,bymakingitdramaticallyeasiertomanageinformation,communication,performresearch,playtheshop.NowhereisthismoreevidentthaninUSeffortstoreduceenergydemandandgreenhousegasemissions.Thedayswhenbusinessescouldsendaproductintothemarketplacewithoutfirstconsideringhowitmightimpacttheenvironmentareover.Dellwasfoundedwiththevisionthatthecustomerscouldbebestservedthroughdirectrelationships.Twenty-threeyearslater,thedirectrelationship—nowacorner-stoneofmanyglobalcompanies—canbeoneofourmostvaluabletoolsincollectiveeffortstoreduceenergyconsumptionandprotecttheenvironment.Theever-acceleratingpaceofinnovationalsocreatedtheneedformanufacturestolookat—anddealwith—theentirelifecycleofthetechnologytheycreated.Wealsoshouldmakeacommitmenttomaintainresponsibilitythroughoutaproduct'sentirelifecycle.Thisstartswithdesignandendswhentheproductisnolongerwanted.Weshouldthenrecoveritandprovideupdatesonourprogress.Globalindustryhasbeenacatalystforinnovationandopportunitysincetheearlydaysoftheindustrialrevolution.Morethantwocenturieslater,thesameentrepreneurialspiritandcompetitionthatledtotheautomobileandpersonalcomputercanbringnewenvironmental-friendlyventures.【参考译文】

势不可挡的变化可能带来意想不到的后果。亨利·福特发明了汽车，整个世界被它的快速和便捷改变。当时很少有人考虑100年后千百万辆汽车对于全球能源供应和气候意味着什么。同样的，随着个人电脑的普及，企业以及消费者很快便意识到互联网、电子邮件和高速宽带拥有成本低及耗时少的优点。由于极大地简化了信息管理、沟通交流、科学研究及商店经营，信息技术改变了信息时代以及全球商务。美国致力于降低能源需求并减少温室气体排放的努力最能说明这一点。企业不必预先考虑一个产品可能对环境产生的影响就把它推向市场，这样的日子已经一去不复返了。成立伊始，戴尔便坚持通过建立与客户的直接联系为其提供最优质的服务。二十三年后，直接联系——如今已成为众多全球企业的基石——能够成为我们降低能源消耗、保护环境的共同努力中最有价值的工具之一。创新的步伐不断加快，生产商不仅需要正视并为其所创科技的整个生命周期负责，还需要承诺为一个产品的整个生命周期负责。此周期从产品的设计开始到人们不再需要它为止。然后，我们需要挽救产品并提供进程的实时更新。从工业革命早期开始，全球工业就一直是创新和机遇的催化剂。200多年后的今天，促成汽车和个人电脑发明的那种创业精神和竞争意识同样能催生新一代环保型企业。三、将下列文章译成英语（60分）我对北大图书馆有一种特殊的感情，这种感情潜伏在我的内心深处，从没有明确地意识到。最近，图书馆的领导要我写一篇关于图书馆的文章，我连考虑都没有，立即一口答应。然而我立刻感到有点吃惊。我现在事情非常多，抽点时间，并非易事。若不是心中早就蕴藏着这种感情的话，能出现这种情况吗?作为全国最高学府的北京大学，我们有悠久的爱国主义的革命历史传统，有实事求是的学术传统，这些都是难能可贵的；但是，我认为，一个第一流的大学，必须有第一流的设备、第一流的图书、第一流的教师、第一流的学者和第一流的管理。【参考译文】IcherishaparticularaffectionforPekingUniversityLibrary—anaffectionthathashiddendeepinmyheartwithoutmyknowledge.Therefore,recentlywhenthecuratoraskedmetowriteanarticleonthelibrary,Ireadilyagreedwithoutanyhesitation.Nevertheless,immediatelyafterwards,Ifeltabit

surprisedatmyrashpromise,for,withalreadytoomanyironsinthefire,Icouldhardlyspareanytime.CouldIhavemadethispromisehaditnotbeenformydeep-seatedaffectionfortheUniversitylibrary?Asoneofthehighestinstitutesoflearninginthecountry,PekingUniversityhasalonghistoryofrevolutionarypatriotismaswellasanacademictraditionofseekingtruthfromfacts,allofwhichispraise-worthy.However,inmyopinion,afirstrateuniversityshouldhavefacilities,library,teachingstaff,scholarsandadministrationofthebestquality.

2011年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.Directions:Translatethefollowingwords,abbreviationsorterminologyintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.Therearealtogether30itemsinthispartofthetest,15inEnglishand15inChinese,withonepintforeach.（每题1分，共30分）1．CPU【答案】中央处理器2．FOB【答案】离岸价3．UK【答案】英联合王国4．NGO【答案】非政府组织5．PhD【答案】博士学位6．GRE【答案】美国研究生入学考试7．UFO【答案】不明飞行物8．OEM【答案】贴牌生产

9．VIP【答案】重要人物10．AIDS【答案】艾滋病11．CEO【答案】首席执行官12．AirFrance【答案】法国航空公司13．ITIndustry【答案】信息技术产业14．AmericanStockExchange【答案】美国证券交易所15．UnitedNationspeace-keepingforce【答案】联合国维和部队16．自治区【答案】autonomousregion17．宏观调控【答案】macro-control18．公共卫生体系【答案】thepublichealthsystem

19．综合国力【答案】comprehensivenationalstrength20．科学发展观【答案】scientificthoughtofdevelopment21．平等互利【答案】equalityandmutualbenefit22．商业贿赂【答案】commercialbribery23．出口退税【答案】exporttaxrefund24．自主创新【答案】independentinnovation25．生态环境保护【答案】ecologicalenvironmentprotection26．西部大开发【答案】developmentofthewestregions27．自然资源【答案】naturalresources28．私营经济【答案】privateeconomy

29．恐怖主义【答案】terrorism30．世界博览会【答案】WorldExhibitionII.Directions:Translatethefollowingtwosourcetextsintotheirtargetlanguagerespectively.IfthesourcetextisinEnglish,itstargetlanguageisChinese.IfthesourcetextisinChinese,itstargetlanguageisEnglish.（每题60分，共120分）SourceText1Today,onWorldTeachers'Day,wepayhomagetoallteachersfortheirpivotalroleinshapingchildren'slivesandfortheircriticalcontributiontothesocial,economicandintellectualdevelopmentofnations.Wetakethisopportunitytocommendtheeffortsofteachers,especiallyfemaleteachers,whoaccepttoserveinhighrisk,deprivedanddisadvantagedareas,reachingouttotheexcluded,andbringingthemtheprospectofabetterlifethrougheducation.Teachersarealsocrucialtosustainablerecoveryandgrowthinpost-conflictandemergencysituations.Weespeciallyhonourthememoryandcommitmentofthoseteacherswhohavelosttheirlivesinemergencysituations.Teachersprovidecontinuityandreassurance,bothduringandafternaturaldisastersandothercrises.Bygivinghopeforthefuture,theyhelptomitigatetheeffectsofconflict,disasteranddisplacement.Theyprovidemuch-neededpsycho-socialsupporttoeasethetraumaofchildrenandyouthwhohavewitnessedextremeviolence,orlivedthroughthedestructionoftheirhomesandthelossoffamilymembers.Supportingteachersinpost-crisissituationsisaninvestmentinpeaceanddevelopment.Lowstatus,lowsalaryandpoorworkingconditionsinfringeontherightsofteacherswhilstdiscouragingtalentedyoungpeoplefromjoiningandremainingintheteachingprofession.Thequalityofteachertrainingisequallyimportant.Teacherswhoarewell-

trainedandadequatelypaidarebetterequippedtoprovideadecenteducationandbeactivepromotersofthevaluesofcitizenship,peaceandinterculturaldialogue.Governmentsarethereforeurgedtocontinueinvestinginviablenationalpoliciesandprogrammesforteachertraining,recruitment,andincentivessothatteachersremainanddevelopwithintheprofession.Atthesametime,weurgedevelopmentpartnerstosupportgovernments,particularlyindevelopingcountries,intheirdeterminationtoinvestinwelltrainedteachers.Wealsocallforgreatereffortsandstructuresofsocialdialoguethatgiveteachersavoiceindecision-makingthroughtheirdemocraticallyelectedorganizations.(318words)【参考译文】今天是世界教师日，我们在此向所有教师致以崇高敬意，感谢他们在改变儿童命运中发挥的关键作用，以及他们对各国社会、经济和人才发展做出的重要贡献。我们借此机会赞扬教师们，特别是女教师们的辛勤工作。他们勇于到风险大、物质贫乏、条件不利的地区服务，向被排斥者伸出援手，用教育点燃他们对美好生活的憧景。在战后和紧急局势中，教师对可持续复兴和发展也极其重要。我们尤其缅怀那些在紧急局势下牺牲生命的教师，赞扬他们的献身精神。无论是在自然灾难和其他危机发生期间，还是在其过后，教师都起到了承前启后和安抚民心的作用。通过给人们以未来的希望，教师帮助减少了冲突、灾害和流离失所带来的不良影响。他们为儿童和青少年提供急需的社会心理支持，以抚平他们心中因目睹极端暴力、历经家庭毁灭或痛失亲人带来的创伤。支援灾后地区的教师，就是投资和平与发展。地位低下、薪资不高、工作条件恶劣，这一切都侵犯了教师的权利，使那些有才华的年轻人望而却步，不敢加入并留在教师队伍中。师资培训的质量同样重要。训练有素并得到合理报酬的教师，更能提供良好的教育，更有可能成为公民权利、和平和文化对话等价值观的积极宣扬者。因此，我们敦促各国政府继续执行可行的国家政策和计划，并投资教师培训、招聘和激励等项目，使教师们能留在这个行业中并发展提高。另外，我们敦促发展伙伴支持各国政府，特别是发展中国家政府投资于培养训练有素的教师的决心。我们还呼吁加倍努力，建立社会对话机制，使教师能够通过他们民主推举的组织，在决策过程中表达自己

的意见。SourceText2文化是沟通人与人心灵和情感的桥梁，是国与国加深理解和信任的纽带。文化交流比政治交流更久远，比经济交流更深刻。随着时光的流逝和时代的变迁，许多人物和事件都会变成历史，但文化却永远存在，历久弥新，并长时间地影响着人们的思想和生活。不同的地域环境造就了不同的文化底蕴，形成了各具特色的文化形态，它们如同浩瀚苍穹的璀璨群星，交相辉映，光耀宇宙。正是文化的多样性，使不同文化相互影响，相互交融，相互促进，推动了人类文明的进步，也丰富了人类的生活。(218words)【参考译文】Cultureisabridgethatconnectspeople’sheartandemotions,abondthatenhancesmutualunderstandingandtrustbetweentwostates.Culturalexchangehasalongerhistorythanpoliticalexchange,amoreprofoundimpactthaneconomicexchange.Astimegoesby,thingsbegintochange.Manyprominentfiguresandeventswillfadeintohistory,butcultureliveson.Itgetseverstrongerandvitalwiththepassageoftime,andhasanenduringinfluenceonthewaywethinkandlive.Differentgeographieshavenurturedavarietyofcultures,eachwithuniquefeatureandattributes.Theyareliketheshiningstarsinthesky,addingradiancetoeachotherandilluminatingthevastuniverse.Itisthediversityofculturesthatinspiresdifferentculturestointeractwitheachother,influenceeachotherandpromoteeachother,therebyadvancinghumancivilizationandenrichingourlives.

2010年南开大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、英汉词组互译（30分）1．EU【答案】欧盟2．FAO【答案】联合国粮农组织3．L/C【答案】信用证4．OECD【答案】经济合作与发展组织5．POD【答案】货到付款6．WTO【答案】世界贸易组织7．NASA【答案】美国航空航天局8．OPEC【答案】石油输出国组织9．UNESCO【答案】联合国教科文组织

10．accountbalance【答案】账户平衡11．automatedtellermachine【答案】自动柜员机12．checksandbalances【答案】制衡13．installmentplan【答案】分期付款14．most-favorednationtreatment【答案】最惠国待遇15．bondedgoods【答案】保税货物16．报关【答案】customclearance17．恶性循环【答案】viciouscycle18．节能【答案】energy-saving19．贸易顺差【答案】tradesurplus

20．优惠关税【答案】preferentialduty21．购货合同【答案】contractonpurchaseloans22．安检【答案】securitycheck23．战略伙伴关系【答案】strategicpartnershiprelationship24．安理会常任理事国【答案】permanentmemberoftheUNsecuritycouncil25．关贸总协定【答案】generalagreementtarifftrade26．自负盈亏【答案】beresponsibleforone’sownlossesandprofits27．政企分开【答案】separationofenterprisemanagementfromgovernmentfunctions28．液晶显示器【答案】LCD(LiquidCrystalDisplay)29．载人航天计划【答案】mannedspaceprogram

30．外向型经济【答案】export-orientedeconomy二、将下列段落译成汉语（60分）ThereareroughlythreeNewYorks.Thereis,first,theNewYorkofthemanorwomanwhowasbornhere,whotakesthecityforgrantedandacceptsitssizeanditsturbulenceasnaturalandinevitable.Second,thereistheNewYorkofthecommuter-thecitythatisdevouredbylocustseachdayandspatouteachnight.Third,thereistheNewYorkofthepersonwhowasbornsomewhereelseandcametoNewYorkinquestofsomething,thecitythatisagoal.ItisthisthirdcitythataccountsforNewYork'shigh-strungdisposition,itspoeticaldeportment,itsdedicationtothearts,anditsincomparableachievements.Commutersgivethecityitstidalrestlessness;naivesgiveitsolidityandcontinuity;butthesettlersgiveitpassion.AndwhetheritisafarmerarrivingfromItalytosetupasmallgrocerystoreinaslum,orayounggirlarrivingfromasmalltowninMississippitoescapetheindignityofbeingobservedbyherneighbors,oraboyarrivingfromtheCornBeltwithamanuscriptinhissuitcaseandapaininhisheart,itmakesnodifference;eachembracesNewYorkwiththeintenseexcitementoffirstlove,eachabsorbsNewYorkwiththe