《中考复习新导引英语》课件专题10 句子（二）

专题10中考新导引复习讲义句子（二）1简单句由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。简单句有五种类型：(1)主语＋谓语Thewomenaredancing.(2)主语＋谓语+宾语Ilikebananas.(3)主语＋系动词+表语Theyarestudents.(4)主语＋谓语+双宾语Shegavemeapen.(5)主语＋谓语+宾语+宾语补足语Hemadetheboylaugh.2并列句由并列连词（and,so,but,or等）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。Schoolstartsateight,soIgetupatsixthirty.Edhasagreatsportscollection,buthedoesn’tplaysports.Hurryup,orwewillbelateforthebus.注意：两个简单句不能用逗号连接，必须要使用并列连词连接或用句号隔开。Shedoesn’tlikescience,shethinksitisboring.×Shedoesn’tlikescience(,)andshethinksitisboring.√Shedoesn’tlikescience.Andshethinksitisboring.√Shedoesn’tlikescience.Shethinksitisboring.√3复合句(1)状语从句在复合句中，用作状语的从句叫作状语从句。状语从句根据它表达的意思可分为时间、原因、条件、比较、结果、目的和让步等类型。①时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连词主要有：when,while,as(当……时),since(自从),after,before,until，till,assoonas,whenever(每当),bythetime,themoment,theminute等。例如：MymomcameoverassoonasIsatinfrontoftheTV.ThebellrangwhileIwaswatchingTV,Asheexploredthetown,hetookalotofpictures.MyfriendswillcheermeupwheneverI’mfeelingdown.BythetimeIgottoschool,thebellhadalreadyrung.3复合句在until/till引导的状语从句中，当主句动词是短暂性动词时，主句动词要用否定形式，从句动词不用否定形式。例如：Iwon’tleaveuntilmymothercomesback.Ididn’tgotobeduntilmymothercamebacklastnight.当主句动词是持续性动词时，不用否定形式。例如：Iwillwaituntilmymothercomesback.当until/till作介词时，谓语动词如果是短暂性动词，也存在否定现象。例如：Myfatherdidn’tcomebackuntil/tilltenlastnight.3复合句②条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的连词有if,unless,aslongas(只要)等。例如：IfyoutravelinIndia,youcanuseEnglisheverywhere.Youcan’tsucceedunlessyoutryhard.Wedon’tneedalotoffriendsaslongasthey’regood.③原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的连词有because,as（因为），since(既然)等。例如：Ididn’tgosurfingbecauseitwastoocold.Asthecarwasexpensive,wedidn’tbuyit.Sinceheisbusy,let’sasksomeoneelse.3复合句④让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词有although,though,eventhough,evenif,whenever(无论何时)，whatever,whoever,however,nomatter等。例如：Althoughthetrafficwasheavy,wegottotherailwaystationontime.Eventhoughheis80,hestilllooksstrongandhealthy.⑤目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的连词有so(为了),sothat(以便)等。例如：We’llsitnearthefrontsowecanhearthespeakerbetter.Youshouldtalktohimsothatyoucansayyou’resorry.3复合句⑥结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有so…that,such…that,sothat(因此)等。例如：Hewassoweakthathecouldn’twalkon.Jimmadesuchanoisethathissistertoldhimtobequiet.Itfellundermydesk,sothatIcouldn’tseeit.⑦比较状语从句引导比较状语从句的连词有than,as…as,notas/so…as等。例如：JohnswimsbetterthanJim(does).TheYangtzeRiverisalmostaslongastheAmazonRiver.3复合句(2)宾语从句

在复合句中，由一个句子充当宾语成分，这个句子叫作宾语从句。宾语从句主要有以下几种情况：①及物动词后Billthinksthattheraceswerenotthatinterestingtowatch.Billwonderswhetherthey’llhavezongziagainnextyear.宾语从句前有时前面还可以有另一个宾语。例如：Couldyoutellus

howwecangettothemuseum?Pleaseadviseme

whichbookIshouldreadfirst.②某些介词后Hewillgiveusareportabout

howwecanlearnEnglish.Weshouldcreateaninterestin

whatwelearn.3复合句③在“be+形容词”这类结构后I’msure

thatIcanfinishtheworkintime.I’mafraid

youhavemadeaseriousmistake.宾语从句注意事项：当从句原形是陈述句时，关联词用that

(在口语或非正式文体中常省略)。例如：Ｉthink(that)Halloweenisafunfestival.当从句原形是一般疑问句时，关联词用whether,if，从句用陈述语序，不能用倒装语序。例如：Iwonderif/whetherthey’llhavetheracesagainnextyear.注意：if不能直接和ornot连用，而whether可以。当与ornot在一个句子中分开使用时，两者均可。例如：3复合句IwonderifornotIcanfinishtheworkintwohours.×IwonderifIcanfinishtheworkintwohoursornot.√IwonderwhetherornotIcanfinishtheworkintwohours.√IwonderwhetherIcanfinishtheworkintwohoursornot.√注意：跟在介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether，不能用if。Iamthinkingofwhetherweshouldhelphim.√Iamthinkingofifweshouldhelphim.×判别if,when从句是宾语从句还是状语从句很重要，因为if,when在状语从句中，从句要用一般现在时表示将来，而在宾语从句中，不存在一般现在时表示将来的现象。例如：Maryasksmewhen(什么时候)wewillvisitthemuseum.（宾语从句）Willyousendmeamessagewhen(当……的时候)yougetthere?（状语从句）Couldyoutellusif（是否）Peterwillcomebacksoon?（宾语从句）If(如果)youarelateagain,yourteacherwillbeangry.（状语从句）3复合句当从句原形是特殊疑问句时，从句也要用陈述语序，不能用倒装语序。例如：Couldyoupleasetellmewherearetherestrooms?×Couldyoupleasetellmewheretherestroomsare?√当主句谓语用的是过去时态，从句中的动词时态，常受主句谓语动词时态的影响。例如：在Ithoughtyouwerefreetoday这句话中，“你今天有空”这个概念本来应当用youarefree表示，但由于主句谓语动词thought是过去时态，就要用youwerefree这个形式。这种现象称为时态的呼应。当主句谓语用的现在或将来时态时，这类从句中的动词时态不受影响。Hesaidhewenttobedlateeverynight.Hesayshegoestobedlateeverynight.当从句内容是客观真理时，即使主句用过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。Thegeographyteachersaidtheearthmovesroundthesun.3复合句(3)定语从句

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句通常置于它修饰的名词或代词之后，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。例如：ＩlikemusicthatIcandanceto.Carmenlikesmusicianswhoplaydifferentkindsofmusic.上面两句中的music和musicians是定语从句所修饰的词，叫作先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词

that,which,who,whom,whose和关系副词when,where,why。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。3复合句掌握定语从句的关键是了解先行词在从句中担当什么成分，可以将先行词还原到定语从句去找出成分。例如：IlikethebikethatIboughtyesterday.

=Ilikethebike.Iboughtthebikeyesterday.（bike在从句中作宾语）Theboywhoisplayingbasketballismybrother.=Theboyismybrother.Theboyisplayingbasketball.（boy在从句中作主语）3复合句关系代词的具体用法：①who指人，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：Ilovesingerswhowritetheirownmusic.(作主语)ThepersonwhoyoujustspoketoisMr.Li.(作介词to的宾语)作宾语时，也可以用whom或省略关系代词。例如：Theperson(whom)youjustspoketoisMr.Li.但当介词置于关系代词前时，只用whom,也不能省略关系代词。例如：ThepersontowhomyoujustspokeisMr.Li.3复合句②that指人或物，作主语或宾语。Doyouknowthepersonthatgaveaspeechjustnow?(that=who，指人，作主语，不可省略)

Heisaman(that)youcansafelydependon.(that=who/whom,指人，作宾语，可省略)Ilovemoviesthatarefunny.(that=which,指物，作主语,不可省略)Theknowledge(that)youlearnbecomesapartofyouandchangesyou.(that=which,指物，作宾语，可省略)3复合句③which指物，不能指人，作主语或宾语。Thebookwhichisonthetableismine.(which=that,作主语,不可省略)Thestory(which)hetoldwasveryinteresting.(which=that,作宾语,可省略)注意：what意思是“什么”或“所……的东西”。当它作“所…..的东西”解释时，相当于thething(s)that或

allthat,不能引导定语从句。试比较：Pleasebringwhatyouneed.(宾语从句).Pleasebringthethingsthatyouneed.(定语从句).ThisiswhatIwanttoexpress.(表语从句)ThisisallIwanttoexpress.(定语从句)选择填空。精练32（）1.—Excuseme.Couldyoutellme_______?—Yes.Goalongthisstreetandthenyouwillfinditonyourleft.A.whereisthemuseumB.whichisthewaytothemuseumC.howfaristhemuseumD.howcanIgettothemuseum（）2.—Hey,man.Youcan’tcrossthestreetnow.Youhavetowait_______thetrafficlightsturngreen.—Oh,sorryandthankyou.A.whenB.afterC.until D.while（）3.Ican’tremember_______I’veputmyIDcard.I’venearlyturnedtheroomupsidedown.A.whereB.how C.what D.whyBCA选择填空。精练32（）4.Beingblindissomething_______mostpeoplecan’timagine.A.whoB.whatC.thatD.whom（）5.—Iwanttoknow_________.—Whynotgotothenewlybuiltlake?A.wherecanIgofishing B.whereIcangofishingC.howcanIgofishing D.howIcangofishing（）6.MoYanisthefirstwriterinChina_______haswontheNobelPrizeforliterature.A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.whereCBA选择填空。精练32（）7.—Couldyoupleasecallme_______yougototheparty?—Noproblem.Let’sgotheretogether.A.ThoughB.sinceC.afterD.before（）8.—That’sanicetoy.Couldyoutellme_______?—Imadeitwithmyuncle’shelp.A.howdidyoumakeitB.howyoumadeitC.whodidyoumakeitforD.whoyoumadeitfor（）9.—IfailedtheEnglishexamagain_______Ispentalotoftimeonit.—Maybeyoushouldfindabetterway.A.until B.if C.because D.althoughDBD选择填空。精练32（）10.Insummermilkwillquicklygobad_______itisputintoafridge.A.thoughB.unlessC.becauseD.once（）11.—HasyourteacherdecidedtotakeyoutovisitthefarmthisSunday?—Yes.Weallgotsoexcited_______weheardthenews.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.until （）12.Ireallylikethephotoofmyfamily_______mysistertookinthecityparklastyear.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.whomBBA选择填空。精练32（）13.Mr.Smithgotupearly_______hecouldcatchthefirstbus.A.asifB.sothatC.eventhoughD.eversince（）14.—_______Iwastakingashower,youcalledme.SoIdidn’tansweritintime—Itdoesn'tmatter.A.WhileB.AlthoughC.UntilD.Because（）15.—Finishyourhomework,_______youcan’tgoouttoplay.—Allright,Daddy.A.butB.andC.orD.soBAC根据所给句子写出含有宾语从句的复合句。精练331.“Mygrandmotherisillinhospital,”Janesays.Janesays______________________________________________________.2.“Iliketoplaysoccer,”Bobsaid.Bobsaid______________________________________________________.3.Whereisthepostoffice?Idon’tknowIdon’tknow________________________________________________.4.“Canyouswim,Peter?”Billasks.BillasksPeter_________________________________________________.5.“HowcanIgettothebookshop?”Annaskedapoliceman.Annaskedapoliceman________________________________________.6.DoesTimstudyFrench?Couldyoupleasetellme?Couldyoupleasetellme_______________________________________?(that)hergrandmotherisillinhospital(that)helikedtoplaysoccerwherethepostofficeisif/whet