考研2017英语（二）真题

2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试

英语二试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,C

orDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

©Peoplehavespeculatedforcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork.©Todayisnodifferent,

withacademics,writers,andactivistsonceagain1thattechnologyisreplacinghuman

workers.©Someimaginethatthecomingwork-freeworldwillbedefinedby2:®Afew

wealthypeoplewillownallthecapital,andthemasseswillstruggleinanimpoverishedwasteland.

©Adifferentandnotmutuallyexclusive3holdsthatthefuturewillbeawastelandof

adifferentsort,one4bypurposelessness：Withoutjobstogivetheirlives5,peoplewill

simplybecomelazyanddepressed.©6,today'sunemployeddon'tseemtobehavinga

greattime.©OneGalluppollfoundthat20percentofAmericanswhohavebeenunemployed

foratleastayearreporthavingdepression,doubletheratefor7Americans.®Also,some

researchsuggeststhatthe8forrisingratesofmortality,mental-healthproblems,andaddiction

9___poorly-educated,middle-agedpeopleisashortageofwell-paidjobs.©Perhapsthisiswhy

many10theagonizingdullnessofajoblessfuture.

©Butitdoesn?t11followfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithoutworkwouldbe

filledwithunease.©Suchvisionsarebasedonthe12ofbeingunemployedinasocietybuilt

ontheconceptofemployment.©Inthe13ofwork,asocietydesignedwithotherendsin

mindcould14strikinglydifferentcircumstancesforthefutureoflaborandleisure.®Today,

the15ofworkmaybeabitoverblown.©“Manyjobsareboring,degrading,unhealthy,and

awasteofhumanpotential,“saysJohnDanaher,alecturerattheNationalUniversityofIreland

inGalway.

©Thesedays,becauseleisuretimeisrelatively16mostworkers,peopleusetheir

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freetimetocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotional17oftheirjobs.©“WhenIcome

homefromahardday'swork,Ioftenfeel18,“Danahersays,adding,“Inaworldin

whichIdon'thavetowork,Imightfeelratherdifferent”——perhapsdifferentenoughtothrow

himself19ahobbyorapassionprojectwiththeintensityusuallyreservedfor20matters.

1.[A]boasting[BJdenying[C]warning[DJensuring

2.[A]inequality[B]instability[C]unreliability[D]uncertainty

3.[A]policy[B]guideline[C]resolution[D]prediction

4.[A]characterized[BJdivided[C]balanced[D]measured

5.[A]wisdom[B]meaning[C]glory[D]freedom

6.IAJInstead[BJIndeed[CJThus[D]Nevertheless

7.[Alrich[B]urban[C]working[D]educated

8.[A]explanation[B]requirement[C]compensation[D]substitute

9.[A]under[B]beyond[C]alongside[DJamong

10.[A]leavebehind[Blmakeup[C]worryabout[D]setaside

11.[A]statistically[B]occasionally[C]necessarily[D]economically

12.[A]chances[B]downsides[CJbenefits[D]principles

13.[A]absence[B]height[C]face[D]course

14.[A]disturb[B]restore[C]exclude[D]yield

15.[A]model[BJpractice[C]virtue[D]hardship

16.[A]tricky[B]lengthy[C]mysterious[D]scarce

17.[A]demands[B]standards[C]qualities[D]threats

18.[A]ignored[B]tired[C]confused[DJstarved

19.[A]off[B]against[C]behind[D]into

20.[A]technological[B]professional[C]educational[D]interpersonal

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

2«

Text1

©EverySaturdaymorning,at9am,morethan50,000runnerssetofftorun5kmaroundtheir

localpark.©TheParkrunphenomenonbeganwithadozenfriendsandhasinspired400eventsin

theUKandmoreabroad.©Eventsarefree,staffedbythousandsofvolunteers.®Runnersrange

fromfouryearsoldtograndparents;theirtimesrangefromAndrewBaddeley'sworldrecord13

minutes48secondsuptoanhour.

©ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondon,sOlympic“legacy”isfailing.©Tenyears

agoonMonday,itwasannouncedthattheGamesofthe30thOlympiadwouldbeinLondon.

©PlanningdocumentspledgedthatthegreatlegacyoftheGameswouldbetoleveranationof

sportloversawayfromtheircouches.®Thepopulationwouldbefitter,healthierandproduce

morewinners.©Ithasnothappened.©Thenumberofadultsdoingweeklysportdidrise,by

nearly2millionintherun-upto2012—butthegeneralpopulationwasgrowingfaster.©Worse,

thenumbersarenowfallingatanacceleratingrate.®Theoppositionclaimsprimaryschool

pupilsdoingatleasttwohoursofsportaweekhavenearlyhalved.⑨Obesityhasrisenamong

adultsandchildren.⑩OfficialretrospectionscontinueastowhyLondon2012failedtouinspire

ageneration.w⑪ThesuccessofParkrunoffersanswers.

©Parkrunisnotaracebutatimetrial:Youronlycompetitoristheclock.©Theethos

welcomesanybody.©Thereisasmuchjoyoverapuffed-outfirst-timerbeingclappedover

thelineasthereisabouttoptalentshining.®TheOlympicbidders,bycontrast,wantedtogetmore

peopledoingsportandtoproducemoreeliteathletes.©Thedualaimwasmixedup:Thestress

onsuccessovertakingpartwasintimidatingfornewcomers.

©Indeed,thereissomethingalittleabsurdinthestategettinginvolvedintheplanning

ofsuchafundamentallygrassrootsvconceptascommunitysportsassociations.©Ifthere

isaroleforgovernment,itshouldreallybegettinginvolvedinprovidingcommongoods-

makingsurethereisspaceforplayingfieldsandthemoneytopavetennisandnetballcourts,and

encouragingtheprovisionofalltheseactivitiesinschools.©Butsuccessivegovernmentshave

presidedoversellinggreenspaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattention

onsportineducation.®Insteadofwordy,worthystrategies,futuregovernmentsneedtodomore

toprovidetheconditionsforsporttothrive.©Oratleastnotmakethemworse.

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21.AccordingtoParagraph1,Parkrunhas.

[A]createdmanyjobs

[B]gainedgreatpopularity

[C]becomeanofficialfestival

[D]strengthenedcommunityties

22.TheauthorbelievesthatLondon,sOlympic“legacy“hasfailedto.

[AJboostpopulationgrowth

[B]improvethecity'simage

[C]increasesporthoursinschools

[D]promotesportparticipation

23.ParkrunisdifferentfromOlympicgamesinthatit.

[A]aimsatdiscoveringtalents

[B]focusesonmasscompetition

[C]doesnotemphasizeelitism

[D]doesnotattractfirst-timers

24.Withregardtomasssports,theauthorholdsthatgovernmentsshould.

[A]increasefundsforsportsclubs

[B]investinpublicsportsfacilities

[C]organize“grassroots”sportsevents

[D]superviselocalsportsassociations

25.Theauthor?sattitudetowhatUKgovernmentshavedoneforsportsis.

[A]critical

[B]tolerant

[C]uncertain

[D]sympathetic

Text2

©Withsomuchfocusonchildren*suseofscreens,it'seasyforparentstoforgetabout

theirownscreenuse.©“Techisdesignedtoreallysuckyouin,“saysJennyRadeskyinher

studyofdigitalplay,“anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement.©Itmakes

4«

ithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine.v

©Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother­

childpairsafood-testingexercise.©Shefoundthatmotherswhouseddevicesduringthe

exercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeir

children.©Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthe

family.@Parentswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcited

bidsfortheirattention.

©Infantsarewiredtolookatparents*facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthose

facesareblankandunresponsive一astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice一itcanbe

extremelydisconcertingforthechildren.©Radeskycitestheustillfaceexperimentdevised

bydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.©Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwith

herchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisual

socialfeedback:Thechildbecomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother*s

attention.@uParentsdon'thavetobeexquisitelypresentatalltimes,butthereneedstobe

abalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild*sverbalornonverbal

expressionsofanemotionalneed,“saysRadesky.

©Ontheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids'useof

screensarebornoutofan“oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbe

interactingwwiththeirchildren:"It'sbasedonasomewhatfantasised,verywhite,veryupper­

middle-classideologythatsaysifyou'refailingtoexposeyourchildto30,000wordsyouare

neglectingthem.©Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn'tlearningfromthescreen

doesn'tmeanthere,snovaluetoit—particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,do

houseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.©Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusing

theirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.®Thiscanmakethemfeel

happier,whichletsthembemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.

26.AccordingtoJennyRadesky,digitalproductsaredesignedto.

[A]absorbuserattention

[B]increaseworkefficiency

[C]simplifyroutinematters

[D]betterinterpersonalrelations

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27.Radesky'sfood-testingexerciseshowsthatmothers'useofdevices.

[A]takesawaybabies'appetite

[B]distractschildren'sattention

[C]slowsdownbabies'verbaldevelopment

[DJreducesmother-childcommunication

28.Radeskycitestheastillfaceexperiment“toshowthat.

[A]itiseasyforchildrentogetusedtoblankexpressions

[B]verbalexpressionsareunnecessaryforemotionalexchange

[C]parentsneedtorespondtochildren'semotionalneeds

[D]childrenareinsensitivetochangesintheirparents'mood

29.TheoppressiveideologymentionedbyTronickrequiresparentsto.

[A]protectkidsfromexposuretowildfantasies

[B]teachtheirkidsatleast30,000wordsayear

[C]remainconcernedaboutkids'useofscreens

[D]ensureconstantinteractionwiththeirchildren

30.AccordingtoTronick,kids'useofscreensmay.

(A]maketheirparentsmorecreative

[BJgivetheirparentssomefreetime

[C]helpthemwiththeirhomework

[D]helpthembecomemoreattentive

Text3

©Today,widespreadsocialpressuretoimmediatelygotocollegeinconjunctionwith

increasinglyhighexpectationsinafast-movingworldoftencausesstudentstocompletely

overlookthepossibilityoftakingagapyear.©Afterall,ifeveryoneyouknowisgoingtocollege

inthefall,itseemssillytostaybackayear,doesn'tit?©Andaftergoingtoschoolfor12years,

itdoesn'tfeelnaturaltospendayeardoingsomethingthatisn'tacademic.

©Butwhilethismaybetrue,it'snotagoodenoughreasontocondemngapyears.

©There'salwaysaconstantfearoffallingbehindeveryoneelseonthesociallyperpetuated”race

tothefinishline,“whetherthatbetowardgraduateschool,medicalschooloralucrativecareer.

6«

©Butdespitecommonmisconceptions,agapyeardoesnothinderthesuccessofacademic

pursuits-infact,itprobablyenhancesit.

©StudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandAustraliashowthatstudentswhotakeagapyearare

generallybetterpreparedforandperformbetterincollegethanthosewhodonot.©Ratherthan

pullingstudentsback,agapyearpushesthemaheadbypreparingthemforindependence,new

responsibilitiesandenvironmentalchanges-allthingsthatfirst-yearstudentsoftenstrugglewith

themost.©Gapyearexperiencescanlessentheblowwhenitcomestoadjustingtocollegeand

beingthrownintoabrandnewenvironment,makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsandactivities

ratherthanacclimationblunders.

©Ifyou,renotconvincedoftheinherentvalueintakingayearofftoexploreinterests,

thenconsideritsfinancialimpactonfutureacademicchoices.©AccordingtotheNationalCenter

forEducationStatistics,nearly80percentofcollegestudentsendupchangingtheirmajorsatleast

once.©Thisisn,tsurprising,consideringthebasicmandatoryhighschoolcurriculumleaves

studentswithapoorunderstandingofthevastacademicpossibilitiesthatawaitthemincollege.

®Manystudentsfindthemselveslistingonemajorontheircollegeapplications,butswitching

toanotheraftertakingcollegeclasses.©It'snotnecessarilyabadthing,butdependingon

theschool,itcanbecostlytomakeupcreditsafterswitchingtoolateinthegame.©AtBoston

College,forexample,youwouldhavetocompleteanextrayearwereyoutoswitchtothenursing

schoolfromanotherdepartment.©Takingagapyeartofigurethingsoutinitiallycanhelpprevent

stressandsavemoneylateron.

31.Oneofthereasonsforhigh-schoolgraduatesnottakingagapyearisthat.

[A]theythinkitacademicallymisleading

[B]theyhavealotoffuntoexpectincollege

[C]itfeelsstrangetododifferentlyfromothers

[D]itseemsworthlesstotakeoff-campuscourses

32.StudiesfromtheUSandAustraliaimplythattakingagapyearhelps.

[A]relievefreshmenofpressures

[B]lowerrisksinchoosingcareers

[C]easefreshmen'sfinancialburdens

[D]keepstudentsfrombeingunrealistic

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33.Theword“acclimation”(Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto.

[A]motivation

[B]application

[C]competition

[D]adaptation

34.Agapyearmaysavemoneyforstudentsbyhelpingthem.

[AJswitchtoanothercollege

[B]decideontherightmajor

(C]avoidacademicfailures

[DJestablishlong-termgoals

35.Themostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbe.

[A]InFavoroftheGapYear

[B]TheABCsoftheG叩Year

[C]TheG叩YearComesBack

[D]TheG叩Year:ADilemma

Text4

©Thoughoftenviewedasaproblemforwesternstates,thegrowingfrequencyofwildfires

isanationalconcernbecauseofitsimpactonfederaltaxdollars,saysProfessorMaxMoritz,a

specialistinfireecologyandmanagement.

©In2015,theUSForestServiceforthefirsttimespentmorethanhalfofits$5.5billion

annualbudgetfightingfires——nearlydoublethepercentageitspentonsuchefforts20yearsago.

©Ineffect,fewerfederalfundstodayaregoingtowardstheagency'sotherwork-suchas

forestconservation,watershedandculturalresourcesmanagement,andinfrastructureupkeep-

thataffectthelivesofallAmericans.

©Anothernationwideconcerniswhetherpublicfundsfromotheragenciesaregoinginto

constructioninfire-pronedistricts.©AsMoritzputsit,howoftenarefederaldollarsbuilding

homesthatarelikelytobelosttoawildfire?

©"II'salreadyahugeproblemfromapublicexpenditureperspectiveforthewhole

country,“hesays.©“Weneedtotakeamagnifyingglasstothat.©Like,'Wailaminute,is

8«

thisOK?’®Dowewantinsteadtoredirectthosefundstoconcentrateonlower-hazardpartsof

thelandscape?

©SuchaviewwouldrequireacorrespondingshiftinthewayUSsocietytodayviewsfire,

researcherssay.

©Foronething,conversationsaboutwildfiresneedtobemoreinclusive.©Overthepast

decade,thefocushasbeenonclimatechange一howthewarmingoftheEarthfromgreenhouse

gasesisleadingtoconditionsthatworsenfires.

©Whileclimateisakeyelement,Moritzsays,itshouldnrtcomeattheexpenseoftherest

oftheequation.

©“Thehumansystemsandthelandscapesweliveonarelinked,andtheinteractionsgo

bothways,“hesays.©Failingtorecognizethat,henotes,leadsto“anoverlysimplifiedview

ofwhatthesolutionsmightbe.©Ourperceptionoftheproblemandofwhatthesolutionis

becomesverylimited.”

©Atthesametime,peoplecontinuetotreatfireasaneventthatneedstobewholly

controlledandunleashedonlyoutofnecessity,saysProfessorBalchattheUniversityofColorado.

©Butacknowledgingfire,sinevitablepresenceinhumanlifeisanattitudecrucialtodeveloping

thelaws,policies,andpracticesthatmakeitassafeaspossible,shesays.

©“We'vedisconnectedourselvesfromlivingwithfire,“Balchsays.©“Itisreally

importanttounderstandandtryandteaseoutwhatisthehumanconnectionwithfiretoday.n

36.Morefrequentwildfireshavebecomeanationalconcernbecausein2015they.

[AJconsumedarecord-highpercentageofbudget

[B]severelydamagedtheecologyofwesternstates

[C]causedahugeriseofinfrastructureexpenditure

[D]exhaustedunprecedentedmanagementefforts

37.Moritzcallsfbrtheuseof,amagnifyingglasswto.

[A]avoidtheredirectionoffederalmoney

[B]findwildfire-freepartsofthelandscape

[CJraisemorefundsfbrfire-proneareas

[D]guaranteesaferspendingofpublicfunds

38.Whileadmittingthatclimateisakeyelement,Moritznotesthat.

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[A]publicdebateshavenotsettledyet

[B]ashiftintheviewoffirehastakenplace

[C]otherfactorsshouldnotbeoverlooked

[D]fire-fightingconditionsareimproving

39.TheoverlysimplifiedviewMoritzmentionsisaresultoffailingto.

[A]discoverthefundamentalmakeupofnature

[B]explorethemechanismofthehumansystems

[C]understandtheinterrelationsofmanandnature

[D]maximizetheroleoflandscapeinhumanlife

40.ProfessorBalchpointsoutthatfireissomethingmanshould.

[A]doawaywith

[B]cometotermswith

[C]payapricefor

[D]keepawayfrom

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoits

correspondinginformationintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

ThedeclineinAmericanmanufacturingisacommonrefrain,particularlyfromDonald

Trump."Wedon'tmakeanythinganymore,“hetoldFoxNews,whiledefendinghisownrnade-

in-Mexicoclothingline.

Withoutquestion,manufacturinghastakenasignificanthitduringrecentdecades,andfurther

tradedealsraisequestionsaboutwhethernewshockscouldhitmanufacturing.

Butthereisalsoadifferentwaytolookatthedata.

Acrossthecountry,factoryownersarenowgrapplingwithanewchallenge:Insteadofhaving

toomanyworkers,theymayendupwithtoofew.Despitetradecompetitionandoutsourcing,

Americanmanufacturingstillneedstoreplacetensofthousandsofretiringboomerseveryyear.

Millennialsmaynotbethatinterestedintakingtheirplace.Otherindustriesarerecruitingthem

10<<

withsimilarorbetterpay.

Forfactoryowners,italladdsuptostiffcompetitionforworkers-andupwardpressure

onwages."They'rehardertofindandtheyhavejoboffers,“saysJayDunwell,presidentof

WolverineCoilSpring,afamily-ownedfirm."Theymaybecoming[intotheworkforce],but

they'vebeenpluckedbyotherindustriesthatarealsodoingaswellasmanufacturing,Mr.

Dunwellhasbegunbringinghighschooljuniorstothefactorysotheycangetexposedtoitsculture.

AtRoManManufacturing,amakerofelectricaltransformersandweldingequipmentthat

hisfathercofoundedin1980,RobertRothkeepsacloseeyeontheageofhisnearly200workers.

Fiveareretiringthisyear.Mr.Rothhasthreecommunity-collegestudentsenrolledinawork­

placementprogram,withastartingwageof$13anhourthatrisesto$17aftertwoyears.

Ataworktableinsidethetransformerplant,youngJasonStenquistlooksflusteredbythe

coppercoilshe,stryingtoassembleandthearrivaloftwovisitors.It'shisfirstweekonthe

job.Askedabouthischoiceofcareer,hesaysathighschoolheconsideredmedicalschoolbefore

switchingtoelectricalengineering."Iloveworkingwithtools.Ilovecreating,whesays.

Buttowinovertheseyoungworkers,manufacturershavetoclearanothermajorhurdle:

parents,wholivedthroughtheworstUSeconomicdownturnsincetheGreatDepression,telling

themtoavoidthefactory.Millennials“remembertheirfatherandmotherbothwerelaidoff.

Theyblameitonthemanufacturingrecession,saysBirgitKlohs,chiefexecutiveofTheRight

Place,abusinessdevelopmentagencyforwesternMichigan.

Theseconcernsaren'tmisplaced:Employmentinmanufacturinghasfallenfrom17million

in1970to12millionin2015.Whentherecoverybegan,workershortagesfirstappearedinthehigh-

skilledtrades.Nowshortagesareappearingatthemid-skilllevels.

“Thegapisbetweenthejobsthattakenoskillsandthosethatrequirealotofskill,“says

RobSpohr,abusinessprofessoratMontcalmCommunityCollege."There'reenoughpeopleto

fillthejobsatMcDonaldsandotherplaceswhereyoudon,tneedtohavemuchskill.It'sthat

gapinbetween,andthat'swheretheproblemis.”

JulieParksofGrandRapidsCommunityCollegepointstoanotherkeytoluringMillennials

intomanufacturing:awork/lifebalance.Whiletheirparentswerecontenttoworklonghours,

youngpeoplevalueflexibility.uOvertimeisnotattractivetothisgeneration.Theyreallywantto

livetheirlives,“shesays.

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[A]saysthatheswitchedtoelectricalengineeringbecausehelovesworking

withtools.

[B]pointsoutthatthereareenoughpeopletofillthejobsthatdon'tneedmuch

41.JayDunwell

skill.

42.JasonStenquist

43.BirgitKlohs[D]believesthatitisimportanttokeepacloseeyeontheageofhisworkers.

[E]saysthatforfactoryowners,workersarehardertofindbecauseofstiff

44.RobSpohr

competition.

[F]pointsoutthatawork/lifebalancecanattractyoungpeopleinto

45.JulieParks

manufacturing.

[G]saysthatthemanufacturingrecessionistoblameforthelay-offofthe

youngpeople'sparents.

SectionIIITranslation

46.Directions:

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

(15points)

Mydreamhasalwaysbeentoworksomewhereinanareabetweenfashionandpublishing.

Twoyearsbeforegraduatingfromsecondaryschool,Itookasewinganddesigncoursethinking

thatIwouldmoveontoafashiondesigncourse.However,duringthatcourseIrealisedIwasnot

goodenoughinthisareatocompetewithothercreativepersonalitiesinthefuture,soIdecided

thatitwasnottherightpathforme.BeforeapplyingforuniversityItoldeveryonethatIwould

studyjournalism,becausewritingwas,andstillis,oneofmyfavouriteactivities.But,tobe

honest,Isaidit,becauseIthoughtthatfashionandmetogetherwasjustadream—Iknewthatno

onecouldimaginemeinthefashionindustryatall!SoIdecidedtolookforsomefashion-related

coursesthatincludedwriting.ThisiswhenInoticedthecourse“Fashion