Unit3SeaExploration知识点梳理清单高中英语人教版选择性

选择性必修四Unit3SeaExploration知识梳理一.词形转换1.extend

v.使伸长；扩大；扩展；延长extendedadj.延长了的；扩展了的extensiveadj.广阔的；广大的；大量的extensionn.扩大；延伸;扩建部分；延期2.negotiatev.谈判；磋商；商定；达成（协议）negotiationn.谈判；磋商；协商negotiatorn.谈判代表；协商者3.spicen.（调味）香料;额外的趣味（或刺激等）spicyadj.加有香料的;刺激的4.withdrawv.（使）撤回，撤离；使退出withdrawaln.撤走；收回；取回5.politicsn.政治；政治事务（或活动）;政治学politicaladj.政治的；政府的；政权的politiciann.从政者；政治家6.professionn.职业；行业professionaladj.职业的；专业的professorn.教授7.mixturen.混合；结合体;混合物mixv.混合，掺和，融合；调配mixedadj.混合的；混杂的8.coveragen.新闻报道;

覆盖范围coverv.包括；采访，报导；涉及；行走（一段路程）；掩护n.封面;掩蔽物coveredadj.覆盖了的；有屋顶的9.applaudv.赞同；称赞；喝彩；鼓掌欢迎applausen.欢呼，喝彩；鼓掌；掌声10.migrationn.迁移；移民；移动migratev.移动；移居；使移植migrantn.（为工作）移居者；候鸟；迁徙动物adj.有迁徙习性的directoryn.名录；号码簿；公司名录;（计算机文件或程序的）目录directadj.直接的；直系的；亲身的；恰好的v.管理；指挥adv.直接地directionn.方向；指导；趋势；用法说明directorn.主任，主管；导演exploitv.开发，剥削；开采exploitationn.开发，开采；利用；剥削mercyn.仁慈；怜悯；恩惠mercifuladj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的mercilessadj.毫不怜悯的；无情的；残忍的possessionn.(pl)个人财产；拥有；控制possessv.控制；持有；拥有arrestn.逮捕;拘留;v.逮捕；拘留；阻止arrestingadj.引人注意的；很有吸引力的二.重点词块词块梳理1.extendvt.扩展；使伸长extensionn.分机；扩大extensiveadj.广阔的extendedadj.扩展了的extendthedeadline延长最后期限2.negotiatevt.商定；达成（协议）negotiationn.谈判negotiatorn.谈判negotiate(withsb.)(for/aboutsth.)就······)(与某人）谈判／协商negotiatetradedeals协商贸易协定3.politicsn.政治；政治观点politicaladj.政治的politiciann.政治家beactiveinpolitics活跃于政界amajorfigureinBritishpolitics英国政坛的一个重要人物4.professionn.职业；医疗／法律／教学行业professional专业的beprofessionalin在········方面专业devotehislifeandprofessiontohelpingpeople把他的一生和事业奉献给帮助人民(2)课内其他词块1.formthefoundationof形成...的基础2.beastrongpassionfor对...的热情3.inspiresb.todosth.激发某人做...4.searchfor寻找5.setsailfrom...to..从...到...航线6.inancienttimes在古代7.alongwhatbecameknownastheSilkRoad沿着有名的丝绸之路8.negotiatetradedeals协商贸易协定9.leadtomoreawarenessofeachother'scultures导致对彼此文化的更多了解10.overthecenturies几个世纪以来11.developrelationswith发展与...的关系12.onvoyagesoftradeandexploration进行贸易与勘探航行13.asighttobehold壮观的景象14.inaleagueofone’sown独领风骚15.underthemandof在...的指导下16.asgesturesoffriendship作为友谊的象征17.inreturnfor作为...的回报18.strengthenthebondsbetweenChinaandtherestoftheworld加强中国与世界其它地区的联系19.inyearstoe在未来的几年20.forthebenefitof为了...的利益21.hundredsofyearson几百年过去了22.withthelatesttechnologyinhand随着最新科技的掌握23.tapwater自来水24.mineforresources开采资源25.fossilfuels化石燃料26.anegativecycle恶性循环27.socalledresearch所谓的研究28.withoutmercy毫不留情的29.ishometo...的家园30.addressimportantissues解决重要问题(3)读后续写课外拓展1.环境描写Faroutintheocean,whereisasclearasglass,livestheSeaKing.在大海的深处住着海王，那里的水像玻璃一样清澈。2.结尾升华Hundredsofyearson,andwiththelatesttechnologyinhand,theneedtotradeandthedesiretoenhancerelationshipswilldriveChinatoreachoutacrosstheseafarintothefuture.数百年过去了，随着最新技术的掌握，贸易需求和加强关系的愿望将推动中国跨越海洋走向遥远的未来。3.表达观点Hopefully,astechnologyimproves,wemayhavemoreoptionsformanagingthisbalance.希望随着技术的进步，我们可以有更多的选择来维持这种平衡。三.重点句子1.教材原句Topletethegreatmapoftheworldwasastrongpassionforthepeopleofearlycivilizations.译文：早期文明的人们对完成这幅伟大的世界地图有一种强烈的感情。句式剖析：Topletethegreatmapoftheworld是不定式短语做主语2.教材原句Here,merchantsfromChinaandmanyotherplacesmettonegotiatetradedeals,whichalsoledtomoreawarenessofeachother’scultures.译文：在这里，来自中国和许多其他地方的商人聚集在一起协商贸易协议，这也导致了对彼此文化的更多了解。句式剖析：which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代前面整个主句的内容。3.教材原句TheancientsearoutestravelledbyZhengHearebeingrevisitedwiththe21stCenturyMaritimeSilkRoad,whichispartoftheBeltandRoadInitiative.译文：随着作为共建“一带一路”组成部分的“21世纪海上丝绸之路”的提出，郑和航行过的古代航道而今再度受到关注。句式剖析：travelledbyZhengHe是过去分词短语作后置定语；arebeingrevisited是现在进行时的被动语态结构；whichis…Initiative是which引导非现制定定语从句，which指代the21stCenturyMaritimeRoad.4.教材原句：Fromascientificpointofview,thereisanurgentneedtostudytheArcticinordertounderstandclimatechangeanditseffects.译文：从科学的角度来看，迫切需要对北极地区进行研究，以便了解气候变化及其影响。句式剖析:thereisaneedtodosth有必要做某事5.教材原句Hundredsofyearson,andwiththelatesttechnologyinhand,theneedtotradeandthedesiretoenhancerelationshipswilldriveChinatoreachoutacrosstheseafarintothefuture.译文：数百年过去了，随着最新技术的掌握，贸易需求和加强关系的愿望将推动中国跨越海洋走向遥远的未来。句式剖析：withthelatesttechnologyinhand是with复合结构，inhand是介词短语作宾补。With复合结构的构成，意义和形式：构成：with+宾语+宾补意义：常在句中作状语，表示原因，方式，时间，条件或伴随等。6.教材原句：Inancienttimes,silkfromChinafounditswayoverlandtoIndia,theMiddleEast,andRome,alongwhatbecameknownastheSilkRoad.译文：在古代，中国丝绸之路经由一条陆路运到印度，中东和罗马，这条路就是有名的“丝绸之路”。句式剖析：what引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中作句子的主语。7.教材原句：Therearestillmanyotherplaceslefttoexplore…译文：但仍有许多地方有待探索。句式剖析：Thereis/are+n./pron.+left…句型中，left是过去分词短语作定语，修饰前面的名词或代词。8.教材原句：Hopefully,astechnologyimproves,wemayhavemoreoptionsformanagingthisbalance.译文：希望随着科技的进步，我们可以有更多的选择来维持这种平衡。句式剖析：as随着，引导时间状语从句。9.教材原句：Plasticpollutionisalsobad,killingmanybirdsandfish,andhasevenbeenfoundinourtapwater.译文：塑料污染也很严重，导致了许多鸟类和鱼类的死亡，甚至在我们的自来水中也发现了塑料污染。句式剖析：killing现在分词短语作结果状语，表示“正常出现的，自然而然的结果”。四.语法：动词不定式动词不定式的意义和结构不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“notto+动词原形”。不定式可以加宾语或状语构成不定式短语，它没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式的时态和语态变化Todo主动式被动式一般式todotobedone完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone进行式tobedoing完成进行式tohavebeendoing用法1做主语词不定式做主语时，一般表示具体某一次的动作。若不定式太长，常用it作形式主语而将不定式后置。例:Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildwhateverheorshewants.相关句式：Itis+形容词+forsb.todosth.Itis+形容词+ofsb.todosth.意思同上，此处为表示人得性格，本质特征，如：kind，friendly，selfish等Itis+名词+todo做某事是…Ittakes/took+主语+时间+todo.花费多长时间做某事Eg：Itishardformetolearnmath.Itiskindofyoutohelpmetostudy.Itisourdutytolookaftertheold.Ittakesmefivehourstofinishthehomework.2作表语不定式作表语时，一般紧跟在系动词后，说明主语的内容例：Thefirststepistocheckthevictim’sbreathing.3作宾语只接不定式作宾语的动词：agree,intend,plan,demand,promise,prepare,decide,refuse,choose,wish,hope,expect,fail,pretend,manage,determine,beg,arrange,threaten,claim,hesitate,wait,happen等。例：Sheseatedherselfatasmalltableintherestaurant,waitingtobeserved.在某些动词如find,think,consider,feel,makebelieve后，常用it作形式宾语。例:Wethinkitourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.4作宾语补足语不定式作宾补，宾语和不定式之间在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式表示要发出的主动动作。例:Tellyourchildclearlyandfirmlythatyouexpectthemtodotheirhomeworkresponsibly.5作定语1)不定式作定语通常放在所修饰词之后，表示将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰的词之间是动宾关系，若不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。例:Suddenlyagoodideaoccurredtoher,butshecouldn’tfindanypapertowriteon.2)序数词，形容词最高级，thelast,theonly等后或被这些词修饰的名词、代词后，常用不定式作定语例:Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoarriveattheschoolandthelasttoleavetheschool.3)被修饰词是抽象名词，常用不定式作定语例：Theabilitytoexpressanideaisasimportantastheideaitself.6作状语动词不定式用来修饰动词/形容词/副词/整个句子，表达目的，结果，原因，程度等。例:Tomakeiteasiertogetintouchwithus,you’dbetterkeepthiscardathand.Tomtookataxitotheairport,onlytofindhisplanehighupinthesky.Wewereastonishedtofindthetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.知识检测一.词形转换检测（1）根据汉语提示，写出对应单词。1.____________

v.使伸长；扩大；扩展；延长____________

adj.延长了的；扩展了的____________

adj.广阔的；广大的；大量的____________

n.扩大；延伸;扩建部分；延期2.____________

v.谈判；磋商；商定;达成（协议)____________

n.谈判；磋商；协商____________

n.谈判代表；协商者3.___________n.（调味）香料;额外的趣味（或刺激）等___________

adj.加有香料的;刺激的4.____________

v.（使）撤回，撤离；使退出____________

n.撤走；收回；取回5.____________

n.政治；政治事务（或活动）;政治学____________

adj.政治的；政府的；政权的____________

n.从政者；政治家6.____________

n.职业；行业____________

adj.职业的；专业的___________n.教授7.____________

n.混合；结合体;混合物____________

v.混合，掺和，融合；调配____________

adj.混合的；混杂的8.____________

n.新闻报道;

覆盖范围____________

v.包括；采访，报导；涉及；行走（一段路程）；掩护n.封面；掩蔽物____________

adj.覆盖了的；有屋顶的9.____________

v.赞同；称赞；喝彩；鼓掌欢迎____________

n.欢呼，喝彩；鼓掌；掌声10.____________

n.迁移；移民；移动____________

v.移动；移居；使移植____________

n.（为工作）移居者；候鸟；迁徙动物adj.有迁徙习性的11.____________

n.名录；号码簿；公司名录;（计算机文件或程序的）目录____________

adj.直接的；直系的；亲身的；恰好的v.管理；指挥adv.直接地____________

n.方向；指导；趋势；用法说明____________

n.主任，主管；导演12.____________

v.开发，剥削；开采____________

n.开发，开采；利用；剥削13.____________

n.仁慈；怜悯；恩惠____________

adj.宽大的；仁慈的；慈悲的____________

adj.毫不怜悯的；无情的；残忍的14.____________

n.(pl)个人财产；拥有；控制____________

v.控制；持有；拥有15.____________

n.逮捕；拘留；中止v.逮捕；拘留；阻止____________

adj.引人注意的；很有吸引力的（2）单词拼写：根据汉语提示和首字母写出单词的正确形式。1.Thereareplanstoe__________(扩大)thenosmokingarea.2.Itis

not

clearwhether

thepresident

is

willingto

n__________(谈判)

with

theDemocrats.

3.Asapainter,heis

inal__________（等级）ofhisown.4.

Withtheviolentactivitiesending,governmenttroopsw________(撤回)fromthescene.5.Tobestraightforward,keepingahealthyparentchildb_____needstheeffortsofbothparties.6.Therewillbelivec__________(新闻报道)offootballonthesportschannel.7.Thereissomedoubtwhethertheyalla________(称赞)thedistribution.8.Theyoungmanhasastrongpassionforp________(政治).9.Amongawidevarietyofp_________(职业),Peterseemstohaveaspecialbondwithdriver.10.Theroyalmemberslistenedtothenewswitham________(混合)ofsurpriseandhorror.11.Thedecisionmakingpowerwasinthep_________(拥有)ofahandfulofpeople.12.Accordingtothemediacoverage,thepolicehavea___________(逮捕)thesuspectoftheaccident.二.词块检测(1)汉译英1.形成...的基础_______________________________________________2.从...到...航线________________________________________________3.沿着有名的丝绸之路___________________________________________4.进行贸易与勘探航行___________________________________________5.独领风骚_____________________________________________________6.作为...的回报__________________________________________________7.在未来的几年_________________________________________________8.对...的热情___________________________________________________9.发展与...的关系________________________________________________10.对...的热情___________________________________________________11.寻找________________________________________________________12.加强中国与世界其它地区的联系_________________________________________________________________________________________________13.随着最新科技的掌握___________________________________________14.帮助处理重要问题_____________________________________________15.所谓的研究___________________________________________________16恶性循环____________________________________________________17.开采资源_____________________________________________________18.毫不留情的___________________________________________________(2)课文改编语法填空:ATradeandcuriosityhaveoftenformedthefoundationofmankind’sgreatest1____________(achieve).Inancienttimes,silkfromChinafounditswayalong2_________becameknownastheSilkRoad.Atradingrouteacrossthesea3_________(extend)alongthecoastsoftheIndianOcean,4_________(centre)aroundCeylon(nowSriLanka).Here,merchantsfromChinaandmanyotherplacesmet5__________(negotiate)tradedeals.Between1405and1433,sevenlargefleets,6_________themandofZhengHe,sailedwestonvoyagesoftradeandexploration.Toreachoutacrossthesea7________(remain)astrongdesiretoday.TheBeltandRoadInitiativehasbeenproposed,8___________(encourage)cooperationandstrengtheningthebondsbetweenChinaandtherestoftheworld.Tradinghasgrown9_________(great)inChina,andthereisstill10_________urgentneedtostudyotherimportantprojects,whichwilldriveChinatoreachoutacrosstheseafarintothefuture.12345678910BWhenites1__________seaexploration,differentpeoplehavedifferentopinions.Somepeoplethinkseaexplorationhascausedmanyproblemsand2_________(continue)tocausemore.Theyareafraidthatexploitingmoremeanspollutingmore,withplasticpollution3__________(kill)manybirdsandfish.Miningforresourcesisverydamaging.Besides,overfishingisanotherproblem.Whalesanddolphins4_________(hunt)fortheirmeat.Othersthink5__________necessarytodomoreresearchonthesea.6_________(understand)ourplanet,wemustexploretheoceans7________covermostofit.Understandingmoreabouttheseawillalsohelpusmanageitsresources8__________(well).9_________(log)newspecieswillimproveourunderstandingoflifeontheearth.Inmyopinion,astechnologyimproves,wewillhavethe10_________(able)tokeepthisbalancebetweenseaexplorationandeconomicneeds.12345678910(3)选词填空（注意形式的变化）setsail,inaleagueof,developrelationswith,setsail,inaleagueof,developrelationswith,withdrawfrom,inhand,beeknownas,searchfor,forthebenefitof,inreturn,berelatedto,tellapart,withoutmercy1.Whilepassengerslovetoplainabouttaxidrivers,thedriversofNewYorkare______________theirown.2.Ittookmegreateffortstogetthesebooks____________________.3.ChristopherColumbus_________________fortheNewWorld.4.Dogshaveaverygoodsenseofsmellandareoftenusedto___________________survivorsinanearthquake.5.Thepanyhasdecidedto______________someofitssportssponsorship.6.Youneedpeopleworking__________________themunity.7.TheseChineseimmigrantssettledinanareathatlater____________Chinatown.8.Wewillcontinuetoimproveand___________thedevelopedcountries.9.Asweknow,pooreducationalperformance_____________emotionaldisturbance.10.Thesearegesturesofgenuinefriendshipwithnofavoursexpected________________.11.ItwassaidthatCaptainWhitewhippedhiscrew_________________.12.Theboyslookssomuchalikethatwecanhardly_____them_________.三.重点句型检测根据汉语提示，补全下列句子1）__________________________(远渡重洋)remainsastrongdesiretoday.2)Chinahasinvestedbillionsinsystemsandservicesalongtheseroutes,______(这)willhelptogreatlydevelopthewholeareaforthebenefitsoffuturetradeandculturalexchange.2.根据括号内的提示，翻译下列句子。(1)令我们惊讶的是，树因为有了虫子而变成了空心的。（what引导名词性从句，hollow）________________________________________________________________________________(2)由于所剩无几，恐怕给水灾难民的食物的分发会受到应影响。（thereis…left,distribution）(3)树干向四面方向伸展，这棵树为我们遮挡了阳光。（with+宾语+宾补，extend）________________________________________________________________________________(4)他致力于社区活动，其贡献是独一无二的。（现在分词作状语，inaleagueofone’sown）________________________________________________________________________________(5)随着时间的流逝，许多事情被人们遗忘了。（as…）________________________________________________________________________________四.语法检测1.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e4_________(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPoleAitkenbasin.2.Bambooplantsareassociatedwithhealth,abundanceandahappyhome.Theyareeasy______(care)forandmakegreatpresents.3.Butsomestudentsdidn'twant______(wear)theuniform.4.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle________(hear)．5.Whenwegotacall________(say)shewasshort­listed，wethoughtitwasajoke.6.Ididn’tmeantoeatanythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn’thelp________(try)it.7.Sheforcedherself________(be)politetothem.8.______(enjoy)theconvenienceofdigitalpayment,manyseniorcitizensstartedtousesmartphones.9.Theman________(circulate)thefakenewsthat18firefighterslosttheirlivesintheexplosionwasarrested.10.Ittookherthreehours________(repair)herbike.11.Pickingupher"LifetimeAchievement"award,proudIrenedeclaredshehadnoplans_______（retire）fromher36yearoldbusiness,12.Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid1980s,andareexpensive______(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.13.Withthisinformation________hand，youwillbewellequippedtoadviseothers.14.Afterhewontheamateurchampionshipheturned________(profession)．15.Shefeltastrange________(mix)ofexcitementandfearthatsheneverhadbefore.16.Thehighway________(extend)allthewaytothehorizonleadsustothatbeautifulcoastaltown.17.Jamesknewtherewasnoroomfor________(negotiate)，andhetriedtoclosehiseyes,mindblank.18.Thedrug________(withdraw)fromsaleafteranumberofpeoplesufferedserioussideeffects.19.Forfearofbeinglaughedat，hehasdecidedtowithdraw________thepetition.20.Notonlydothesepyramidshavemysticqualities，buttheyaretrulyasiteto________(behold)．检测答案一.词形转换检测(1)根据汉语提示写单词答案:1.extend/extended/extensive/extension2.negotiate/negotiation/negotiator3.spice/spicy4.withdraw/withdrawal5.politics/political/politician6.profession/professional7.mixture/mix/mixed8.coverage/cover/covered9.applaud/applause10.migration/migrate/migrant11.directory/direct/direction/director12.exploit/exploitation13.mercy/merciful/merciless14.possession/possess15.arrest/arresting(2)单词拼写：根据汉语提示和首字母写出单词的正确形式。答案