人教版英语必修一教案：Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern her

Book1

Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernhero

基础语境串记

记得住,练得通，积得多，用得活

U重点

I.核心必记单词

1.active〃切.积极的；活跃的-*activity〃.活动

2.devote”献身:专心于fdevoted，力.忠实的;深爱的

3.peaceful〃力.和平的;平静的；安宁的fpeace几和平

4.vote".&式.投票:选举；九投票；选票；表决

5.attack”.进攻;攻击；抨击

6.eaual〃力.相等的;平等的fequality〃.同等:平等

7.wiHing乐意的:自愿的

8.强迪式&8.逃脱；逃走；避开；（气体、液体等）泄漏

9.reward/才艮酬:奖金；”.酬劳；奖赏frewarding。力.值得的:有报酬的

lO.opinion〃.意见;看法；主张

II.阅读识记单词

11.generous4力.慷慨的；大方的

12.self〃.自我；自身〜selfishadi.自私的fselfless〃4•.无私的；忘我的fselflesslyado.无私地;

忘我地

13.found”.建立；建设

14.guidance〃.指导；领导「guide。.指导:指示；几导游；指导者

15.legaladj.法律的；依照法律的fillegal非法的

16.violence几暴力；暴行fviolent。的.暴力的

17.educatevt.教育；训I练feducated〃力.受过教育的；有教养的feducation〃.教育

18.relative〃.亲戚；亲属

19.sentence”判决；宣判

2O.president〃.总统；会长；校长；行长

【语境活用】［用所给词的正确形式填空］

l.Ourownexperienceworkingtogetheronhealth,development,andenergythelasttwentyyears

hasbeenoneofthemostrewardjng(reward)partsofourlives.(2016・四川)

2.Inafurthertwist,birthrateishighestinpoorlyeducatedruralareasandlowestinhighlyeducated

urbanareas.(educate)(2017•江苏)

3.Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsandweretooviolent(violence)foruse

atthetable.(2016・全国HI)

4.Behavinginthisselfless(self)anddevoted(devote)manner,theselittlecreatureshavesurvivedon

Earthformorethan140millionyears.

5.rvealwayslookedtomyfatherfbrguidance(guide)inthesematters.

6.Womenhaveyettoachievefullequality(equal)withmenintheworkplace.

7.Shehopedthedifferentethnicgroupsintheareacouldlivetogetherinpeaceful(peace)

co-existence.

8.Itisillegal(legal)toselltobaccotosomeoneunder16.

联想拓展.多积累----------------------------1

1.“教育”词汇一览

(1)educate。.教育;训练

(2)train仇训练

(3)instruct。.指导

(4)drillo.训练；操练

(5)coacho.训练；指导

2.“校长”多重表达

(1)headmaster〃.校长

⑵principal〃.校长

(3)president几校长；董事长

3.后缀-ance高频名词大集合

(1guidance机指导；领导

(2)performance〃.表演；履行

(3)appearance〃.外表；出现

(4)assistance儿帮助

(5)significance〃.重要；重要性

4.“人物性格特点”的反义形容词对

(l)mean吝啬的fgenerous慷慨的

(2)selfish自私的—selfless无私的

(3)inferior自卑的confident自信的

r高频短语

Loutofwork失业

2.assmatteroffact/infact事实上

3.blowup使充气:爆炸

4.introuble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中

5.turnto求助于;致力于

6』oseheart丧失勇气或信心

7.comelopower当权;上台

8.setup设立;建立；搭起

9.besentencedlo被判处...(徒开U)

10.inone'sopinion在某人看来

【语境活用】［用上述黑体短语的正确形式填空］

1.“Who,inyouropinion,isthebestfootballplayerintheworldtoday?”askedTom.

2.Dependingonthekindofraceyouplantoenter,youcansetupatimetablefortheremaining

weeksbeforetherace.(2015•全国II)

3.Hefailedmanytimes,buthedidnotloseheart.

4.WhenIamindifficulty,Ialwaysturnlohimforhelp.

5.ItwaswhenwewerereturninghomethatIrealizedwhatagoodfeelingitwastohavehelped

someoneintrouble.(2015•湖南)

6.Heopenedasmallshopofhisownafterhewasoutofwork.

联想拓展-多积累

II

l.lose习语归纳

(1)loseheart丧失信心

(2)loseface丢脸

(3)losecontrol失去控制

(4)losetouch失去联系

(5)loseoneself失去自我

2.“outof+九”短语小结

(l)outofwork失业

(2)outofmind心不在焉

(3)outofsight看不见

(4)outoforder有毛病；出故障

(5)outofbreath上气不接下气

”典句电

1.不定式作定语

HewasthefirstmantolandonthemooninJuly1969.

1969年7月，他成为第一个登上月球的人。

2.where引导定语从句

...untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.

……直到今天我们到了几乎没有任何权利的地步O

3.“only+状语（从句）”置于句首引起的倒装

...onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence........直到那时，我们才决定用暴力反

抗暴力。

4.thefirsttime引导时间状语从句

IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.

第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我感觉很糟。

【句式仿写】

1.张衡是世界上发明地震仪的第一人。（2016.北京）

ZhangHengwasthefirstmanloinvenltheseismograph.

2.我们到了这样一个阶段：为了挽救我们自己我们必须开始采取有效措施来保护环境。

（2016•北京）

Wehavereachedastagewherewemuststarttakingeffectivemeasurestoprotecttheenvironment

soastosaveourselves.

3.只有父母和孩子都改变态度，这种不利局面才能改善。（2016•上海）

OnlywhenbothparentsandchildrenchangetheirattitudescanIhisunfavorablesilualionbe

improved.

4.我还记得上次你来我们学校参观时，你向我展示了关于那个主题的一些照片。（2016・全国H）

IrememberyoushowedmesomephotosonthatthemeIhelasttimeyouvisitedourschool.

考点互动探究

-------------------------------------------直击重点.突破难点.解决疑点.掌握热点---------------------------------------------

边讲

I突破核心词汇

devote”献身于；致力于；专心致志于；把...用于

拓展词：devoted〃力•.挚爱的；忠实的，忠诚的

devotion〃.奉献；关照；忠诚

devote...to…把...致力于....，专心于....的

devoteoneselfto献身于；致力于

bedevotedto致力于；献身于；热爱....

(l)Heisadevoted(devote)fatherbecausehewasstrictwithhisdaughterandencouragedherwhen

shewasintrouble.

他是一位慈爱的父亲，因为他对女儿很严格，在她遇到困难时鼓励她。(2017•天津)

(2)Onlywhenwerealizetheimportanceofhelpingeachothercanwebedevotedtobuilding(build)

aharmonioussociety.

只有当我们意识到互相帮助的重要性时，我们才能致力于建设一个和谐社会。

［句式升级］

(3)Hedevotedhimselftocommunityactivitiesandwaspraisedbythepeoplearound.

①Devotinghimselftocommunityactivities,hewaspraisedbythepeoplearound.(用现在分词短

语作状语改写)

②Devotedtocommunityactivities,hewaspraisedbythepeoplearound.(用过去分词短语作状语

改写)

vote也投票，选举，表决；提议

〃•选票;投票;表决

(l)votesb.sth.选出/推举某人担任某职务；表决为某人提供某物

votefor投票赘成

voteagainst投票反对

voteon就....投票表决

(2)putsth.tothevote把某事交付表决

(l)SuHuaisinvitedbyhisuncletovoteforhiscousininthe“FutureSinger“competition.

苏华受叔叔的邀请投票支持参加《未来歌手》比赛的表弟。(2016•江苏)

(2)Fearingthatmostofthecitizensvotedagainslhim,heworeasmile.

由于担心大多数市民投票反对他，他一直面带微笑。

(3)Wehadnochoicebuttoputittothevote.

我们别无选择，只好投票表决。

equal的.相等的；平等的；相当的；能胜任的

〃.同等的人；相等物

也与……相等，等于；比得上

拓展词：equally。加.相等地；同样地equality〃.平等

beequalin在...方面比得上

beequaltosth./doingsth.等于...：与....相等；胜任....

bewithoutequal/havenoequal无与伦匕匕

(l)Leavingasidethebirthrateissue,IndiaJseconomymaytakeoffwhenthecountryachieves

equality(equal)ofeducationalopportunity.

撇开出生率问题，印度经济在国家实现教育机会均等的时候可能会腾飞。(2017•江苏)

(2)HeisequaltoTominability.

在能力方面他与汤姆不相上下。

(3)Infact,whenitcomestotheartofwar,antshavenoequal/arewithoutequal.

事实上，当谈到战争的艺术时，蚂蚁是无与伦比的。(2015•安徽)

［联想发散］表示“胜任……”的其他短语：

befitfor,beupto,bequalifiedfor,beadequateto

escape也逃脱；逃避；被遗忘；(气体、液体等)泄漏

〃.逃脱；逃避；漏出

拓展词：escaped。的'.逃跑了的

［写出下列句子中黑体词的汉语意思］

(1)1'msorry,butyournameescapesme.被遗忘；被忽略

(2)Howwillweknowifthere'sanygasescaping?流出；泄漏

(3)Thecinemaallowedpeopletoescapefromthedepressingrealitiesoftheirlives.逃避

(4)Threepeoplediedinthefire,butJohnescapedthroughthebedroomwindow.逃脱

(1)escapefrom从...逃脱;逃避....

escapedoing/beingdone逃避(被)做某事

(2)anarrowescape九死一生

［一句多译］

⑸你很幸运逃脱了惩罚。

@Youareluckytoescapepunishment.

②Youareluckytoescapebringpunished.

［易错点拨］注意下面两个短语的区别：

escapefromprison越狱；escapeprison逃过牢狱之灾

囱

reward之酬谢；奖励,奖赏

〃.奖金；回报;报酬

拓展词：rewarding.值得的；有益的；有意义的

(1)rewardsb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而奖赏/酬谢某人

rewardsb.w汕sth.用某物奖赏/回报某人

(2)inrewardfor为奖赏...；为报答....

asarewardfor作为对...的奖赏/回报

(1)Thestudentshavebeenworkinghardontheirlessonsandtheireffortswillberewardedwith

successintheend.

学生们一直努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会获得成功的。(2016•北京)

(2)rdliketodosomethinginrewardforherkindness.

我想做点什么来报答她的好意。

(3)OurtriptotheYukonwasaveryrewardjng(reward)experience.

我们的育空之行是一次非常有益的经历。

［词义辨析］reward,award,prize

(l)reward作名词表示“赏金，奖励”或一些非金钱的报酬；作动词时则表示“奖励，酬谢”，

只能以人或人的行为作宾语。

⑵award作名词指“奖品，奖金等”；作动词表示“授予，给予；判给”，可以跟双宾语，

awardsb.sth.把某物授予/判给某人。

(3)prize只能作名词，表示“奖赏，奖金，奖品”，尤指在比赛中获得的荣誉。

〔turnto转身；求助于；致力于；翻到；转向；开始从事；查丽

［写出下列句子中黑体词的汉语意思］

(l)Atlast,Iwillbeonmyown,butIstillwanttohavemyparentstoturntowheneverIneed

help.(2016・全国HI)求助于

(2)Itistimeheturnedhismindtomoreseriousproblems.转向

(3)Let'sturntomoreimportantmattersnow.开始考虑；开始讨论

(4)Don'talwaysturntothedictionarywhenyoucometoanewword.查阅

8|loseheart灰心；泄气；丧失信心

loseone'sheartto爱上；喜欢上

oone'sheart使...刻骨铭心

byheart凭记忆；能背诵

heartandsoul全心全意地

eat/tearone?sheartout为某事暗自伤神;忧伤

(l)Weshouldnotloseheartinfaceofdifficulties.Ifweworkhard,wewillfindawayout.

我们不应在困难面前丧失信心。只要我们努力，就会找到出路。(2016•天津)

(2)Thechildrencanrepeatthepoemthey'vejustlearntbyheart.

这些孩子能背诵他们刚学过的诗歌。

点拨

突破经典句型

规律

HewasthefirstmantolandonthemooninJuly1969.

1969年7月，他成为第一个登上月球的人。

句型：不定式作定语

(1)当被修饰成分前有序数词或形容词的最高级及theonly,thevery修饰时，常用不定式作定

语。

⑵tocome将来的；tospare剩余的。这两个短语常放在时间名词后面作后置定语。

(3)一些特定名词，如ability,chance,ambition,right,way,reason,time,effort后，常跟

不定式作定语。

(4)作定语的动词如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、

工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。

(1)Ourfootballteamwasthefirsttoreachthefinals.

我们的足球队率先进入了决赛(finals)。

(2)1caughtthebuswithonlyafewsecondslospare.

我在离开车只剩数秒时赶上了公交车。

(3)Atpresent,Ihaveacomfortablehousetolivein.

目前，我有一所舒适的房子住。

［一句多译］

(4)我记下了需要背诵的短语。

①Imadenotesofthephrasestobememorized.

②Imadenotesofthephrasesthatneededtobememorizcd/memorizing.

❾

...onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.

……直到那时，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。

句型：“only+状语(从句)”置于句首引起的囱覆

“only+副词、介词短语、状语从句”放在句首时，句子用部分倒装形式。

(l)OnlywhenLilywalkedintotheofficedidsherealizethatshehadleftthecontractathome.

直到莉莉走进办公室时，她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。(2015•天津)

(2)Onlywithallyourtimeandenergycanyoudothisjobwell.

只有用上你全部的时间和精力，你才能把这项工作做好。

［易错点拨］

(1)"only+状语从句”放在句首时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装。

(2)only修饰主语时不倒装。

(3)Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.

只有知道密码的人才能读懂这则信息。(2016•全国I)

皿

IfeltbadthefirsttimeItalkedtoagroup.

第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我感觉很糟。

句型：Ihefirsttime弓I导时间状语从句

引导时间状语从句的(名词)短语和副词还有：

(1)each/everytime每次...的时候

nexttime下次...时

anytime任何时候

lasttime上次...时

bythetime到...为止

(2)themoment,theminute,thesecond,theinstant,

immediately,instantly,directly,hardly...when...,nosooner...than...—......就....

(1)ThefirsttimeIinterviewedhim,helookedabitnervous.

我第一次采访他时，他看起来有点紧张。

(2)Themomentyougetontheairplane,startadjustingyourbiologicalclocktothedestination's

time.

你一上飞机就应该把自己的生物钟加以调节，以适应目的地的时间。(2015•重庆)

［易错点拨］

forthefirsttime是介词短语，在句中只能作状语，不能用来引导时间状语从句。

(3)Naturally,youwerenervouswhenyouwentontheplatformforthefirsttime.

你第一次站在讲台上时感到紧张这是很自然的。

跟踪达标训练

对点训练,巩固基础；升华教材.强化应用

I.单句语法填空

Litdoesseriousharmtochildren'scharacterthattoomuchviolence(violent)isshownonTV.

2.Encouragedbymyteacher,Iamveryhopeful(hope)aboutmyfuture.

3.Devoted(devote)tohisresearch,hehasnotimetospendaweekendwithhisfamily.

4.Pleasedon'thesitatetoturntousforhelpwheneveryouhavetroublewithyourstudy.

5.Hewascrossingthestreetwhenamanwasdrivingfasttowardshimandhenarrowlyescaped

beingkilled(kill).

6.TheVoiceofChinahassetupastagewheresomepeoplecanrealizetheirdreams.

7.Youcan'timaginethetroubleIhadpersuading(persuade)himtochangehismind.

8.1amthefirsttoarrive(arrive),andsheisthesecond.

9.Littlejoycanequal9atofasurprisingendingwhenyoureadstories.

lO.Theoldtemplehasseen(see)greatchangesofthevillageinthepasttwohundredyears,

n.单句改错(每小题仅有i处错误)

1.Thoughbeatenbytheoppositeteamtheydidn'tloset^Xirheart.

Devoted

^,Devotin<Therselftothedeafchildren,theyoungladyhaslittletimetocareforherowndaughter.

3.Thechildrenweresoexcitedtobetakenaboard乙thefirsttime.

4.1twasgeneroushimtopayforusboththatday.

5.Shestartedsingingtothebabyandwasrewardedasmile.

6.Thetimehehasdevotedinthepasttenyearstothedisabledisnowconsideredtobeof

helping

greatvalue.

which

7.Thiswasatime”,］心therewerenoradios,notelephonesornoTVsets.

8.Itshockedhertohearthathergoodfriendwasattackedwithcancer.

川.教材与语法填空

Elias,apoorblackworkerinSouthAfrica,saidthatthetime1.whenhefirstmetNelson

Mandelawasaverydifficultperiodofhislife.In1952,hewenttoseeMandela,2.ablacklawyer,

foradvice.Mandelawasgenerouswithhistime,forwhichEliaswasverygrateful.

Eliasbeganschoolatsix,buthehadtoleaveschooltwoyearslater3.becausehisfamily

couldn'taffordtheschoolfeesandthebusfare.Asaresult,hehadverylittle

4.education(educate).Aftertryinghard,hegotajobinagoldmine.However,5.tolivedive)in

Johannesburg,onehadgottohaveapassbook.Nothavingonebecausehewasnotbornthere,he

woiTiedabout6.whetherhewouldbecomeoutofwork.

ThenMandelahelpedhim,tellinghimhowtogetthecorrect7.papers(paper)tostayin

Johannesburg.HebecamemorehopefulabouthisfutureandlaterjoinedtheANCYouthLeague

8.organized(organize)byMandela.JustasMandelaputit,theblackswereso9.badly(bad)treated

thattheyhadreachedastagewheretheyhadalmostnorightsatall.

In1963,EliashelpedMandelablowupsomegovernmentbuildings.Heknewthatonlyby

answeringviolencewithviolencecouldtheyachievetheirdreamof10.making(make)blackand

whitepeopleequal.

M教材与短文改错

THERESTOFELIAS'STORY

YoucannotimaginewhatthenameofRobbenIslandmadeusafraid.ltwasaprisonfrom

wherenooneescaped.ThereIspentthehardesttimeofmylife.ButwhenIgetthereNelson

Mandelawasalsothereandhehelpedme.MrMandelabeganaschoolforthoseofuswhohadfew

leaming.Hetaughtusduringthelunchbreaksandtheeveningwhenweshouldhavebeen

asleep.Wereadbooksunderourblanketsandusedanythingwecouldfindmakecandlestoseethe

words.Ibecameagoodstudent.IwantedtostudyformydegreeandIwasnotallowedtodo

that.Later,MrMandelaallowedtheprisonguardstojoininus.Hesaidtheyshouldnotbestopped

fromstudyingfortheirdegrees.Theywerenotcleverthanme,buttheydidpasstheirexams.SoI

knewIcouldgetadegreetoo.Thatmademefeelgoodaboutme.

答案

THERESTOFELIAS'STORY

what

Youcannotimagine卜(八%,thenameofRobbenIslandmadeusafraid.ltwasaprisonfrom

whereget

nooneescaped.ThereIspentthehardesttimeofmylife.Butwhen~~thereNelson

whichgot

Mandelawasalsothereandhehelpedme.MrMandelabeganaschoolforthoseofuswhohad

7^-leaming.Hetaughtusduringthelunchbreaksandthe-whenweshouldhavebeen

asleep.Wereadbooksunderourblanketsandusedanythingwecouldfind个makecandlestosee

thewords.Ibecameagoodstudent.IwantedtostudyformydegreeIwasnotallowedtodo

that.Later,MrMandelaallowedtheprisonguardstojoin，us.Hesaidtheyshouldnotbestopped

clever

fromstudyingfortheirdegrees.Theywerenot不嬴以薪thanme,buttheydidpasstheirexams.SoI

…me

knewIcouldgetadegreetoo.ThatmademefeelgoodaboutniySC]p

V.教材与微写作

呜作素材X关于人物介绍）

1.作为律师，我热爱我的工作。

2.我相信法律面前人人平等。

3.在大家处于困境时，我乐意不计报酬为大家提供帮助。

4.事实上，很多人就法律问题向我求助。

提示：黑体部分用本单元词汇表达，并且请使用when引导的时间状语从句。

唯句成篇]（将以上句子连成一篇50词左右的英语短文）

Asalawyer,IamdevotedtomyjobandIbelieveallpeopleareequalbeforethelaw」'm

willingtogiveahandwithoutrewardswhenpeopleareintrouble.Asamatteroffact,alotof

peopleturntomeforlegaladvice.

课时作业

I.阅读理解

A

（2017•山东郑城二中教学质量监测）

ThereisalottolearnaboutthecreationsofBeatrixPotter-notonlyisshetheauthorand

illustratorofoneoftheworld'smostfamouschildren?sbooks,TheTaleofPeterRabbit,but

alsoapioneeringconservationistwiththespiritofascientist.

uPottergrewupasthedaughterofawealthyVictorianfamily,butalongwithherbrother

whofilledanentireflooroftheirlargehouseinLondonwithallsortsofanimals,"saidAnne

Lundin,aretiredprofessorfortheUW-MadisonSchoolofLibraryandInformationStudies.

“Asanadult,shewasafrustratedbotanicalillustratorandscientist.Thatfieldwasnotopento

herbecauseshewasfemale,"Lundinsaid.Potterwasurgedtoturnthecharmingillustrationsand

storiesshewroteinletterstochildrenintobooks.Shewrote23booksinall—abodyofworkthat

hasinspiredplays,ballets,filmsandanastonishingamountofmerchandise.

“TheTaleofPeterRabbitisprobablythemostfamouschildren'sbookintheworld,which

waspublishedin1902andhasreallystoodthetestoftime.It,sbeentranslatedinto36

languages.Theparentsandgrandparentswillshareitwiththenextgeneration,“saidLundin.

Potteralsomadeamarkontheworldthroughherlandconservation,"Inmanyways,shewas

likePeterRabbit,venturingintoaworldofadventureandrisk.ShewithdrewfromLondonassoon

asshestartedmakingsomemoneyonherbookstotheLakeDistrictandbecameanextremely

importantfarmerandconservationist.Shepreservedandpassedon15farmsandover4,000acres,

whichweregivenbacktothecountryasgiftsinthe20thcentury,“saidLundin.

“Eventhoughshewasborn150yearsago,shewasamazinglymodem—herembracingof

thenaturalworld,“commentedJenniferBlatchleySmith,anartisticdirectoroftheshowPeter

RabbitTalestocelebratethe150thanniversaryofPotterJsbirth.

语篇解读本文是一篇人物介绍类文章。主要讲述了BeatrixPotter的故事，BeatrixPotter不

仅是一位著名的作家、插图画家，还是自然环境保护的先驱者和植物学家。由于Potter对于

世界的贡献，人们至今都在铭记她。

1.WhathelpedBeatrixPottertowriteTheTaleofPeterRabbitsuccessfully?

A.Herlifeandworkexperiences.

B.Herspecialtyinanimated（动画）pictures.

C.Hersuccessinbecomingabotanicalscientist.

D.Herinterestinanimalsinchildhoodalone.

答案A

解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“shewaslikePeterRabbit,venturingintoaworldof

adventureandrisk”（她像兔子彼得一样，在一个充满冒险和危险的世界中探险）可知，Beatrix

Potter是以自己在现实中的生活和工作经历为基础来创作这本书的。故选Ao

2.Whatdoesthewordufrustrated“inthethirdparagraphmean?

A.Disappointed.B.Devoted.

C.Motivated.D.Inspired.

答案A

解析词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“Thatfieldwasnotopentoherbecauseshewas

female”可知，当时植物学领域是不对女性开放的，所以BeatrixPotter是比较沮丧的。故选

Ao

3.WhatisBeatrixPotter?

A.Abotanistandartist.

B.Anextremelyimportantfarmerandsuccessfulscientist.

C.Awriter,conservationistandfarmer.

D.Anartisticdirector.

答案C

解析细节理解题。根据第一段中“notonlyisshetheauthorandillustratorofoneofthe

worldTsmostfamouschildren?sbooks,TheTaleofPeterRabbit,butalsoapioneering

conservationistwiththespiritofascientistv,以及倒数第二段中“becameanextremely

importantfannerandconservationistv可知，BeatrixPotter是作家、插图画家、自然环境保护

者和农民。故选C。

4.Whydoestheauthorwritethearticle?

A.IncelebrationofPotter?s150thbirthday.

B.InhonourofPotter'snewcontributions.

C.InpraiseofPotterJsspiritofselflessness.

D.InsupportofPotter'sbookpromotions.

答案A

解析写作意图题。纵览全文，全篇都在讲述主人公的生平事迹，再根据最后一段中的“Even

thoughshewasbom150yearsago,shewasamazinglymodem”及“anartisticdirectorofthe

showPeterRabbitTalestocelebratethe150thanniversaryofPotter1sbirth”可知，这篇文章是

为了怀念Potter,为庆祝她150岁诞辰而写的。故选A。

B

（2018•山西运城期中）

Astreesacrossthenorthernareasturngoldanddeepred,youcanfindautumncolorsinparks

andwoodlands,inthecities,countryside,andmountains.Peoplearewonderingwhatthesecolors

arefor.Foryears,scientistshaveworkedtounderstandthechangesthathappentotreesinthe

autumn.Uptonowtherehavebeendifferentexplanationsforwhynaturalselectionmakesautumn

colorssowidespread.

DrHamiltonfromOxfordUniversityproposedthatbrightautumnleavescontaineda

message：theywarninsectstoleavethemalone.Inautumn,insectschoosetreeswheretheywilllay

eggs.Whenthelarvae（幼虫）comeoutthenextspring,theyfeedonthetrees,oftenwitharesultof

destructionofthetrees.DrHamiltonsuggestedthattreescouldwardofftheseinsectswith

poisons.Theycouldhavestrongdefensesbylettingegg-layinginsectsknowwhatwasinstorefor

theireggs.

DrHamiltonandstudentsturnedthetheoryintoamathematicalmodel,whichshowedthat

warningsignalscouldindeeddrivetheevolution（进化）ofbrightleaves.ltwasafirstattempttosee

whatwasoutthere.

AresearchteamfromtheUniversityofWisconsingaveaquitedifferentexplanation."Ifyou

areuphereinWisconsin,bythetimetheleaveschange,alltheinsectsthatfeedonleavesare

gone,“DrHochsaid.Hebelievedthatautumncolorsservedmainlyasprotection.

AccordingtoDrHochandhisteam,autumncolorsmightbeabletoprotecttheleavesfrom

sundamageorfrost（冰冻）injury-inotherwords,theyactuallyactasasunscreentoavoidthe

destructiontotheleaves.Besides,autumncolorsmightprotecttheleavesfromwaterloss.Ifthe

cellsintheleavesbecomedry,theconnectionsbetweenthecellswillbeweakenedandleaveswill

breakoff.

Althoughtherearedifferentexplanationsaboutautumncolors,ithasreallygiventhema

deeperconcernforthistimeofyear.uPeoplesometimessaythatsciencemakestheworldless

interestingbyjustexplainingthingsaway,“onefamousbiologistsaid,"Butwithautumnleaves,

themoreyouknowaboutthem,themoreamazedyouare.”

语篇解读本文讲述了秋天树叶变化的秘密厂

5.AccordingtoDrHamilton,thereisaconnectionbetween.

A.thesizeofleavesandthesurvivalofinsects

B.thesizeofleavesandthebehaviorofinsects

C.thesizeofleavesandthequalityofinsects

D.thesizeofleavesandthenumberofinsects

答案D

解析细节理解题。根据第二段中“Inautumn,insectschoosetreeswheretheywilllay

eggs.Whenthelarvae（幼虫）comeoutthenextspring,theyfeedonthetrees,oftenwitharesultof

destructionofthetrees.可知幼虫以树叶为食，树叶的大小和昆虫的数量有关系。故选D。

6.DrHochandhisteamgivetheexplanationthat.

A.climatehasaninfluenceonthecoloroftheleaves

B.sundamageandfrostinjurydrivetheinsectsaway

C.thecolorofautumnleaveshasaprotectivefunction

D.autumncolorsbringgreatdestructiontotheleaves

答案C

解析细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句以及第五段内容可知，秋天树叶的颜色有保护作用。

故选C。

7.Theunderlinedphrase“wardoff“inParagraph2probablymeans"”.

A.catchB.attract

C.ignoreD.prevent

答案D

解析词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词前一句"Whenthelarvae（幼虫）comeoutthenext

spring,theyfeedonthetrees,oftenwitharesultofdestructionofthetrees.n京口后一句“They

couldhavestrongdefensesbylettingegg-layinginsectsknowwhatwasinstorefortheireggs.“可

知树能阻止有毒的昆虫，画线词的意思是“阻止”，故选D。

8.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TheEvolutionofColorfulLeaves

B.TheSecrettoAutumnLeaves'Changes

C.TheCharmAutumnColors

D.TheRoleofLeaves'BeingProtection

答案B

解析标题归纳题。通读全文内容可知本文叙述的是秋天树叶变化的秘密。故选B。

II.语法填空

(2018•江西百所名校联考)

AfewdaysagoIattendedagathering^.whereagirlsharedthatshehadrecently“lost"her

wallet(itwasmostlikelystolen).!rememberedthatIQ.feeling(feel)becauseIhadlostmywallet

manytimesthroughoutmyyoungeryears.Andtwiceit11.wasreturned(return)tome.

Idecidedtolabeloneofmysmall12.purses(purse),whichIactuallyhadwithmethatday,

withhername,alongwithsomecashinsideandan13.encouraging(encourage)note.Thetrickwas

totrytogetittoher14.secretly(secret),becauseIdon,tknowherandmaynotseeheragain.I

quicklywenttoanotherarea15.towrite(write)thenote.AndthenIwrotehernameonapieceof

paperandleftitbythemaindoorwiththepursewhereshewouldseeit16.o