高考英语复习-语法专项-七定语从句

七、定语从句1/48考点15组易混关系代词使用方法辨析1.只用that不用which情况(1)先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等不定代词时。*Allthatyouneedtodoisfocusononething.2/48(2)先行词被theonly,any,few,no,very等修饰时。*Australiaistheonlycountrythatisalsoacontinent.(3)先行词是形容词最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。*ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI’veeverseen.(4)先行词为人、物并用时。*Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?3/48(5)主句主语是疑问词who或which时。*Whichisthebikethatyoulost?(6)先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。*Shandongisnolongertheprovincethatitusedtobe.4/482.只用which不用that情况(1)关系代词前有介词时。*IsthisthehouseinwhichShakespearewasborn?(2)引导非限制性定语从句时。*Beforepeopleretire,theyusuallyplantodoalotofgreatthings,whichtheyneverhadtimetodowhileworking.5/48(3)先行词为that/those时。*What’sthatwhichwasputinthecar?(4)which用作定语时。*Hemaybelate,inwhichcaseweoughttowaitforhim.6/483.thesame...as与thesame...thatthesame...as表示相同或同类东西;thesame...that表示同一人或物①Thisisthesamebookashelentmelastweek.这与他上星期借给我那本书属于同一类。②Thisisthesamebookthathelentmelastweek.这是他上星期借给我那本书。7/484.such/so...as与such/so...thatsuch/so...as(定语从句)像……那样(as在从句中作主语、宾语等);such/so...that(状语从句)如此……以至于(that在从句中不作任何成份)①ThisissuchaneasyquestionasIcananswer.②ThisissuchaneasyquestionthatIcananswerit.8/485.as与which(1)as引导非限制性定语从句既能够放在主句前,也能够放在主句后,有时还可插入主句中。which引导非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后。(2)as意为“正如……”,后面谓语动词多用see,know,expect,say,mention,report等;which意为“这一点”或“这件事”等。9/48①NeedforSpeedisaverysuccessfulfilm,asisknowntoall.②Thesportsmeetingwasputoff,whichastonishedus.10/48【典例剖析】用适当关系词填空(·安徽高考)Theexactyear__________AngelaandherfamilyspenttogetherinChinawas.11/48解题关键:本题先行词为year,考生首先会想到when。但当先行词为时间、地点名词时,用关系副词还是关系代词取决于该词在定语从句中充当什么句子成份。本题定语从句中谓语动词spent为及物动词,故从句中缺乏宾语,关系词代替先行词作其宾语。答案判定:which/that12/48【高考题组】用适当关系词填空/改错1.(·全国卷Ⅰ)Maybeyouhaveahabit__________isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.2.(·全国卷Ⅰ)Thecity’s“psychologycafes”,______offergreatcomfort,areamongthemostpopularplaces.3.(·全国卷Ⅰ)Trustisalearnedbehavior__________wegainfrompastexperiences.that/whichwhichthat/which13/484.(·全国卷Ⅱ)Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o’clockatnight.(改错)_____________that改为which14/48考点2关系代词who,whom,whose1.who和whom使用方法(1)先行词为one,ones,anyone,those指代人时或表示人名词时。*ThepersonIwanttotalkaboutwithyouisTuYouyou,theonewhowontheNobelPrizeformedicinein.15/48(2)在Therebe结构中,修饰主语定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人。*There’sagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.

(3)一个句子中带有两个修饰人定语从句,其中一个定语从句关系代词是that,另一个宜用who以防止重复。*Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday’smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.16/48(4)当关系代词前面有介词时,只能用whom,whom在定语从句中作介词宾语时,介词可放在后面,也可提前组成介词+whom(先行词指人)结构。*Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyofwhomlefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.17/482.whose使用方法whose指人或物,作定语,表示“……”,可转换为“of+关系代词”,指人时可用ofwhom;指物时可用ofwhich。*Theprizewillgotothewriterwhosestory/of

whomthestoryshowsthemostimagination.18/48【点津】关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词人称和数要和先行词保持一致。*Tomistheonlyoneoftheengineerswhohascomeupwiththesolution.

19/48【典例剖析】用适当关系词填空(·全国卷Ⅲ)SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,______livedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.20/48解题关键:该句为非限制性定语从句,先行词是Confucius,定语从句中缺乏主语,应用who引导定语从句。答案判定:who21/48【高考题组】用适当关系词填空1.(·北京高考)Ilivenextdoortoacouple______childrenoftenmakealotofnoise.2.(·全国卷Ⅱ)Thisyear,25,310students____haveacceptedplacesinhighereducationinstitutionshaveputofftheirentryuntilnextyear.whosewho22/483.(·全国卷Ⅱ)Students____takeawell-plannedyearoutaremorelikelytobesatisfiedwith,andcomplete,theirchosencourse.4.(·陕西高考)Asalesman____isnotpunctualmaynotmakeasaleifhearriveslateforanappointment.

whowho23/48考点3关系副词when,where,why1.when使用方法先行词为“时间名词”,可用when引导定语从句,when在定语从句中作状语,也可用“介词+which”结构代替。*Thedaysaregonewhenphysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.

24/482.where使用方法(1)先行词是“地点名词”,定语从句可用where引导,where在从句中作状语,也可用“介词+which”结构代替。*Theupperfloorisaquietzonewithoverathousandplacesforsilentreading,andplaceswhereyoucansitandworkwithyourowncomputer.25/48(2)假如定语从句修饰point,situation,position,condition和case等表示抽象意义词,惯用where引导,意思是“到了某种地步,在某种境况下”(前提是从句中缺乏状语)。*Youreachapointwheremedicinecan’thelp.26/483.why使用方法先行词是表示原因名词reason时,能够用why引导定语从句,why在定语从句中作原因状语,也可用forwhich替换。能够把此时句子切记为一个固定句型,即Thereasonwhy...is/wasthat...,意为“……原因是……”。27/48*Thereasonwhy/forwhichhedidn’tattendthemeetingwasthathewasill.28/48【点津】(1)选择关系代词或关系副词标准:在选择关系词时,最主要是分析定语从句中所缺成份。若从句中缺主语、宾语、定语或表语,必须用关系代词;若从句中不缺主语、宾语、定语或表语,必须用关系副词。29/48*Thisisthemountainvillagethat/whichIvisitedlastyear.(关系词在从句中作宾语)*IwillneverforgetthedaywhenmyfatherreturnedfromAmerica.(关系词在从句中作状语)30/48(2)当way表示方法、方式作先行词,且后面定语从句缺方式状语时能够用that或inwhich引导,也能够省略关系词。假如后面定语从句中缺乏宾语,要用that或which引导,也能够省略关系词。*Idon’tlikethewaythat/inwhich/不填hespeakstohismother.31/48【典例剖析】用适当关系词填空(·全国卷Ⅰ)ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,______IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.32/48解题关键:此处表示当初我是第一个西方记者,依据句子结构可知,本句是一个非限制性定语从句,其先行词为mid-1980s,故应该使用when表示时间。答案判定:when33/48【高考题组】用适当关系词填空1.(·天津高考)Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek,_____theweathermaybebetter.2.(·湖北高考)Thereason____theponiesherearenaughtyisthatHaytorisatourist-heavyarea.whenwhy34/483.(·广东高考)Whenharvestcamearound,hewasalreadysellingherbs,vegetablesandcottoninthemarket______peoplefromthetownsmetregularly.4.(·全国卷Ⅰ)Thehardwoodforests______passengerpigeonsnestedhadbeendamagedbyAmericans’needforwood.

wherewhere35/48考点4介词+关系代词6个考查点1.考查定语从句中动词与介词搭配*Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergytowhichwemayreturninthenearfuture.2.考查定语从句中形容词与介词搭配习惯*HereferredmetosomereferencebookswithwhichIamnotveryfamiliar.

36/483.考查依据句意或者先行词与介词搭配习惯确定介词*Iamlookingformyglasses,withoutwhichIcan’twatchTVclearly.37/484.考查表示所属关系ofwhich/whom*Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstructionof

which/whoseconstructionhadtakenmorethanthreeyears.注意:the+n.+ofwhich(whom)可与whose+n.交换。38/485.考查表示整体与部分关系ofwhich/whom*Thebuses,mostofwhichwerealreadyfull,weresurroundedbytheangrycrowd.6.考查表示同位关系ofwhich/whom*Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneofwhomIhadevermetbefore.39/48【点津】选择介词3个标准:①依据句子意思表示需要;②依据从句中动词或形容词与介词搭配习惯;③依据先行词和介词搭配习惯。40/48【辨析】定语从句与几个句式和从句区分与并列句区分假如两个句子之间是分号,或有and,but,so等连接词,则这两个句子为并列句;假如两个句子之间是逗号,且没有上述连接词,则这两个句子之间就是主从关系,须有一个引导词引导定语从句与强调句型区分判断强调句型关键在于把强调结构“Itis/was...that/who...”去掉后,主句意思和结构是完整41/48与状语从句区分状语从句通常没有先行词,整个从句在复合句中作时间、地点或原因等状语,而定语从句是对先行词起修饰限定作用42/48与同位语从句区分①定语从句对先行词起修饰、限定作用;而同位语从句对先行词起解