广东省惠州市博罗县2022-2023学年高二下学期期中英语试卷（含答案）

广东省惠州市博罗县2022-2023学年高二下学期期中英语试卷姓名：__________班级：__________考号：__________题号一二三四五六总分评分一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题,共37.5分）阅读理解Thebestchildren'smuseumsintheU.S.featuresomeexhibitsthatkidswanttosee.Children'sMuseumofIndianapolisThismuseummeasures472,900squarefeetandsitson29acresofland.Exhibitsareallabouthands-onlearning.Forexample,dinosaurloverswillgocrazy.Nowyou'reintheirworld,wherekidsdon'tjustlookatrealdinosaurskeletons（骨架）;theycandigforbonesinthesand.BostonChildren'sMuseumThiscentury-oldBostonhotspotgiveskidsexperiencesthatwillhelpthemlearnlifeskills.Themuseumbecamethecity'sfirst"green"museumin2007,becauseofitseco-friendly23,000-square-footadditionanduniquewaterfrontpark.Whetheryourkidsareintoart,music,building,science,pretendplayoralloftheabove,there'splentyforthemtodoorseeinthemuseum.TheStrongNationalMuseumofPlayThismuseumhastoomanyawesomeexhibitstolisthere,butoneofthemostpopularistheyear-roundindoorbutterflygarden.ReadingAdventurelandisalsoahitforpretendplayandhelpsformaloveofbooks.Ifyou'reahistorylover,hittheNationalToyHallofFame.Children'sMuseumofHoustonBringyourkidstothisgreatchildren'smuseum,andyou'llfeelasifyou'resteppingintoanotherworld!Kidtropolisisahugepretendcitywherekidsruntheshow.It'scompletewithitsowncityhall,bank,newscenter,vet'sofficeandothercommonworkplaces.Hereyounginventorscanalsocreatetheirowngadgets（小装置）intheInventionConvention.1．WhatisafeatureofChildren'sMuseumofIndianapolis?A．Itgivesbonetoystochildrenasgifts.B．Ittellschildrenimportanthistoricalevents.C．Itmakeschildrenlearnthroughexperientialactivities.D．Itencourageschildrentodrawthedinosaurskeletons.2．WhatcanchildrendoinChildren'sMuseumofHouston?A．Bringpetanimals. B．Experiencedifferentjobs.C．Watchthespaceshow. D．Visitindoorbutterflygarden.3．Whatdothefourmuseumshaveincommon?A．Childrencanlearnbyplaying.B．Childrencandorole-playgames.C．Theyprovideindooradventures.D．Theyhavemanyhands-onactivities.阅读理解Threeyearsago,IgotthechancetospendamonthasavolunteerhelpingoutinahospitalinAfrica.Ihadonemonthleftathighschool,andIwasinterestedinstudyingmedicineatuniversity.IthoughtitwastheperfectchancetogetsomepracticalexperienceandtoseeifIreallywantedtobeadoctor.Itwasamonththatchangedmylife.Iwasintroducedtoanewworldthatisverydifferenttomineinsomanyways.Iwashorrifiedathowpoorsomanyofthefamiliesoverthereareandhowdifficulttheirlivescanbe.ButIwasevenmoreamazedathowpositivelypeoplegoabouttheireverydaylivesinAfrica.Thewaytheycometogetherandhelpeachotherisarealinspiration,andsomethingIthinkalotofushaveforgottenintheUnitedStates.Ithinkmanyofusdon'trealizehowluckyweare.Myworkinthehospitalwashard.Ispentalotoftimewashingfloors,cleaningtoiletsandchangingbedsheets.Ialsogottospendsometimelookingafterthepatients.Butitwassuchanhonorformetolistentoapatient'sstoryandcommunicatewithpeoplefromsomanywalksoflife.AndIalsogotthechancetotalktosomedoctorsandaskthemabouttheprofession.Isawsometrulyawfulthingsinthehospital,butnoneofthemchangedmymindaboutbeingadoctor.Infact,theyonlymadememoredeterminedtodomedicine.IthasbeenagreatexperiencevolunteeringinAfrica.WhenIfinish,IknowexactlywhatI'mgoingtodo：IwanttoworkforaninternationalorganizationliketheRedCrossandspendmylifehelpingpeoplewhohaven'tbeenasluckyinlifeasme.Ican'twaittogetstarted.4．Whydidtheauthortakepartinthevolunteeractivity?A．ToseeifshereallylovedtravellinginAfrica.B．Tocheckifshetrulylovedmedicine.C．Toenjoyamonth'svolunteerhelping.D．Tohelpgetbettergraduationgrades.5．WhatsurprisedtheauthormostaboutthepeopleinAfrica?A．Thattheylivedanactivelife. B．Thattheyallhadlittlemoney.C．Thattheywerefriendlytoher. D．Thattheyneededmedicalhelp.6．Whatmighttheauthorsayifshewritesalettertoherparents?A．Idon'tlikethecleaning.B．Thepeoplehereareverylazy.C．Idesiretobeadoctorinthefuture.D．I'mnotsosureifit'swhatIwanttodo.7．Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthepassage?A．Todescribehowtogetajobinahospital.B．Tocomparedifferenthospitalsintheworld.C．Togiveadvicetopeoplewhowanttobedoctors.D．Toshareanamazingvolunteerexperienceshehad.阅读理解WhydoAmericansstrugglewithwatchingtheirweight,whiletheFrench,whoconsumerichfood,continuetostaythin?NowaresearchbyCornellUniversitysuggestshowlifestyleanddecisionsabouteatingmayaffectweight.ResearchersconcludedthattheFrenchtendtostopeatingwhentheyfeelfull.However,AmericanstendtostopwhentheirplatesareemptyortheirfavoriteTVshowisover.AccordingtoDr.JosephMercola,ahealthexpert,theFrenchseeeatingasanimportantpartoftheirlifestyle.Theyenjoyfoodleisurelyandthereforespendafairlylongtimeatthetable,whileAmericansseeeatingassomethingtobesqueezedbetweentheotherdailyactivities.Eventheirfast-foodmealsarelengthycomparedtothetypicalAmerican's.AstudyinPsychologicalSciencefoundthatParisianswhodinedatMcDonald'sspentanaverageof22minuteseating,whilePhiladelphianMcDonald's-goerswereinandoutinjust14minutes.MercolabelievesAmericanslosetheabilitytosensewhentheirstomachsareactuallyfull.SotheykeepeatinglongaftertheFrenchwouldhavestopped.Inaddition,hepointsoutthatAmericansdrivetohugesupermarketstobuycannedandfrozenfoodsfortheweek.TheFrench,instead,tendtoshopdaily,walkingtosmallshopsandfarmers'marketswheretheyhaveachoiceoffreshfruits,vegetables,andeggsaswellashigh-qualitymeatsforeachmeal.AfteravisittotheUnitedStates,MireilleGuiliano,authorofFrenchWomenDon'tGetFat,decidedtowriteabouttheimportanceofknowingwhentostopratherthansuggestinghowtoavoidfood.Todayshecontinuestostayslimandrarelygoestothegym.Inspiteofallthesedifferences,evidenceshowsthatrecentlifestylechangesmaybeaffectingFrencheatinghabits.Todaytherateofobesityamongadultsisonly6%.However,asAmericanfastfoodgainsacceptanceandtheyoungrejectoldertraditions,theobesityrateamongFrenchchildrenhasreached17%-andisgrowing.8．WhydoAmericansstrugglewithwatchingtheirweight?A．Becausetheyprefertoconsumerichfood.B．Becausetheyonlybuyfoodinhugesupermarkets.C．BecausetheydesiretobeasslimastheirfavoriteTVstars.D．Becausetheyfailtostopeatingeveniftheyarefull.9．InwhatwayaretheFrenchdifferentfromAmericansaccordingtoDr.JosephMercola?A．Theyregardeatingasakeypartoftheirlifestyles.B．Theyusuallyeattoomuchcannedandfrozenfood.C．Theygoshoppingatsupermarketsmorefrequently.D．Theysqueezeeatingbetweentheotherdailyactivities.10．Howdoestheauthorpresenthisideasinthetext?A．Bygivingexamples. B．Bymakingcomparison.C．Byprovidingexplanations. D．Bylistingfigures.11．Whatdoesthetextmainlyfocuson?A．AmericansandtheFrench. B．Lifestyleandobesity.C．Dietandpersonalities. D．Fastfoodandoverweight.阅读理解Commercialairlinesalonecontributearound3%oftotalglobalcarbonemissions.Buttheindustryisactivelylookingforgreensolutionsintheformofsustainablejetfuel,andinonecase,thatfuelmayhavehadapreviouslifeasyourhouseholdfoodwaste.InastudyreleasedthisweekintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,researchersdetailamethodoftransformingfoodwasteintosustainablejetfuelthatcanbeusedinexistingengines.Biomass（生物质）,suchasmanure（粪便）andfoodwaste,canbetransformedintobio-fuels,whicharerenewableliquidfuelsmadefromorganicmatter.DerekVardon,aseniorresearchengineerattheNationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory（NREL）,saysthattheirfuelworkedasamixtureof90%conventionalpetroljetfueland10%alternativejetfuelrequiredbytheindustrycurrently.Theyalsoshowtheycouldpushittoa70/30mixture,whichwillbepossibleinrealworldwithmoretimeandtesting.Majorairlinecompaniesareeagertogetinvolvedinsustainableaviationfuelbecausesomesustainablesolutions,suchasbattery-operatedcommercialplanes,justaren'tpossibleyetwithcurrentbatterytechnology.Abattery-poweredplanewouldbetooheavytoflylongdistances,sofuelthatworksinthesamewayasthefuelwehaveisasimplerwaytotradeoutemission-heavyfossilfuels.Vardonsaysthatbecausethewetwasteusedintheprocesswouldnormallygotoalandfill（垃圾填埋场）andbreakdowntoreleasegreenhousegases,theprocessofmakingandusingsustainableaviationfuelcouldactuallyhaveanegativecarbonfootprintwhenscaledup.Commercialairlinesareonboardtofindanaffordableandsustainablesolutiontothecarbon-intensiveprocessofairtravel.Airlinesarelookingtohitaggressivesustainabilitygoalsby2050,includingdecreasingnetcarbondioxideemissionsby50%.12．Whichofthefollowingisusedforsustainableairlinepower?A．Fossilfuel. B．Liquidfuel. C．Batterypower. D．Biomass.13．Whyarecommercialplanesstillfuel-powered?A．Fuel-poweredplanesarelikelytotravellighterandfarther.B．Biofuelisenvironmentallyfriendlyandsustainable.C．It'sconvenienttocreatetheproperfuelmixture.D．Biofuelproveslesscostlyandeasiertoproduce.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"onboard"inthelastparagraphreferto?A．takingoff. B．holdingameeting.C．participatingin. D．appearingonstage.15．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．AlternativeEnergytoFossilFuelB．HowtoGetFossilFuelSustainableC．ChangingFoodWasteintoAirplaneFuelD．HowtoDecreaseCarbonDioxideEmissions二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题,共12.5分）阅读七选五WhyisEatingColourfulFoodGoodforYou?Mostofusarefacedwiththesamechoicenumeroustimesaday：whattoeat.Alongwithprice,accessibilityandpreference,we'lloftenuseafood'shealthfulnesstohelpusmakeadecision.16．It'swidelyacceptedbyresearchersthatweneedavarieddiet.17．TheproofmaybeintheMediterraneandiet,whichcontainsalotoffruit,vegetablesandhealthyfatssuchasextravirginoliveoil,andisfrequentlyratedthehealthiestdietbyscientists.Eatinglotsofcoloursmayloweryourriskofmissingoutonallvitalnutrients."Ifwe'remissingacolouroftherainbow,wemaybemissingafunctionofthatfood,"saysMinich.Thisisbecauseplantfoodscontainthousandsofnaturalcompounds,whichhaveanti-inflammatory（抗炎的）benefits.18．Blueandpurplefoods,includingblueberries,haveahighcontentoftheplantanthocyanin（花青素）,whichhasbeenlinkedtoloweringtheriskofheartdiseaseandtype2diabetes.Flavones（黄酮类化合物）,whichgivefoodsayellowcolour,mayreducetheriskofheartdisease.AresearchfellowatHarvardTHChanSchoolofPublicHealthsayseatingacolourfuldietcanalsohelppeopleavoidpossiblesideeffectsofeatingtoomuchofonefood."19．Forexample,researchhasfoundthatorangejuiceisassociatedwithalowerriskofcognitivedecline,buttoomuchintakeisassociatedwithtype2diabetes,"shesays.Although,thisisbecauseofitssugarcontent,notflavonoids（黄酮类）.Eatingarainbowdietmayalsobecomplex.20．Wecouldgetintotrouble.Wealsoneedtoeatfromotherfoodgroupstogetallthenutrientsweneed,suchasprotein.A.Foodisverycomplex.B.Avarieddietispackedwithdifferentvegetables.C.Differentcolouredfoodscomewithdifferentbenefits.D.Buthowdoweknowwe'regettingenoughnutrients?E.Itcouldbereallydifficulttogeteverycoloureveryday.F.However,iscolourthebestguidetogettingallthenutrients?G.Andonewaytodothisisbyeatingallthecoloursoftherainbow.三、完形填空（本大题共15小题,共15.0分）完形填空WhenJustinwas7,hesufferedfromadisease.Overtheyears,thelittleboyhadgonethroughatotaloffivecorrectivesurgeries.Becauseofthedisease,Justincouldnolongerwalkandwas21．toawheelchair.Butthisdidnotstophimfromlivinga22．lifethankstohismother'sloveandothers'help.Afterenteringhighschool,Justingotinterestedinplayingthe23．andjoinedtheschool'sband.He24．astrongfriendshipwithhispartnerTomintheband.AsThanksgivingDay25．,thebandintendedtoperformintheThanksgivingDayParadeandeverymemberhadthechancetojoinin,includingJustin.However,therewasone26．problem.Justincouldnotcontrolhiswheelchairandplaythetrumpetatthesametime.Tom27．topushJustinduringhismarches.Fromthenon,thetwopracticedtogether.TohelpJustin,Tomsacrificed（牺牲）farbeyond28．.Heneededto29．moretimetotakecareofJustin.30．losingtheopportunitytoperform,heevenmissedhisfootballtrainingseveraltimes.AllofthesewereseenbyJustinandthe31．ofguiltweighedheavilyonhismind.Therefore,heturnedtohismotherforhelp."Mom,couldyoupleasepushmeintheThanksgivingDayParadeinsteadofTom?He32．hischanceofperformingtoassistme.""Sure,mydear!"WithMom'sparticipation,thepracticewent33．andjoyfully.Thanksgivingfinallycame,asdidJustinandmom'sperformance.Themotherandsonwereindeedaperfect34．intheparade,whichsoonbecamethecenterofattention.Sometimesonepersonmaynotwalk,butloveand35．canhelpgoanywhere.21．A．addicted B．limited C．committed D．devoted22．A．normal B．tough C．difficult D．busy23．A．piano B．guitar C．violin D．trumpet24．A．made B．promoted C．provided D．developed25．A．approached B．began C．passed D．closed26．A．technical B．physical C．apparent D．mental27．A．managed B．attempted C．volunteered D．guaranteed28．A．description B．expectation C．recognition D．comparison29．A．take B．waste C．gain D．spare30．A．Apartfrom B．Exceptfor C．Otherthan D．Butfor31．A．importance B．burden C．expansion D．panic32．A．builtup B．gaveup C．tookup D．madeup33．A．difficultly B．conveniently C．smoothly D．frequently34．A．team B．family C．member D．match35．A．assistance B．persistence C．insistence D．preference四、单句语法填空（本大题共10小题,共10.0分）36．WhenI（arise）fromthechair,Iheardastrangesoundinthedistance.37．Ifindlifemorecharmingandmore（astonish）thanIhaveeverdreamed.38．Wetriedmanytimesandeventuallysolvedtheproblemina（practice）way.39．Driversmustbeverycarefulwhiledrivingin（fog）weather.40．Manypeoplewillbuyhousesasan（invest）.41．ShepronouncedtheEnglishwordvery（precise）.42．Manypeoplelivedahardlifebeforethe（liberate）.43．Let'shavesomecoffeeandget（refresh）.44．Peoplewhosmile（frequent）seemtobemoreconfidentandsuccessful.45．Itwasdifficultforus（tolerate）thatnoisealldaylong.五、语法填空（本大题共1小题,共15.0分）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Researcherssaytheyhavefoundmicroplastics（微塑料）-tinypiecesofplasticthatcomeasaresultofthedisposalofindustrialwaste-deepinthelungsofliving46．（human）forthefirsttime.Theresearch,which47．（publish）inthejournalScienceoftheTotalEnvironmentlastweek,isthefirststudy48．（identify）theplasticsinthelungsoflivingpeople.Theplasticshave49．（previous）beenfoundinhumanblood,wasteandinthedepthsoftheocean.Inthestudy,researchers50．（collect）lungtissuefromsurgicalproceduresonpatientsaspartoftheirroutinemedicalcare.Researchersidentified12typesofmicroplastics,51．arecommonlyfoundinbottles,packaging,andclothing,alongwithothermanufacturingprocesses.Thestudynotes52．"increasingconcern"withtheharmthatcouldcomewithswallowingandbreathinginmicroplastics.Theworldproducesabout300millionmetrictonsofplasticayearandabout80%ends53．inlandfillsandotherpartsoftheenvironment.Microplasticscanrangefrom10nano-meters-54．（small）thanthehumaneyecansee-to5millimetersindiameter,aboutthesizeoftheeraserontheendofapencil.Researchershavefoundthem55．（float）intheair,intaporbottledwater,andintheseaorsoil.六、书面表达（本大题共2小题,共40.0分）18.假定你是某中学学生会主席李华,你校即将举行主题为"Let'sgogreennow"的一项环保活动。请你代表学生会用英语写一封倡议书号召大家绿色低碳生活。内容包括：（1）活动目的;（2）你的建议;（3）发出倡议。注意：（1）词数80词左右;（2）可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。Boysandgirls,TheStudentUnion【答案】Onepossibleversion:Boysandgirls,Withthedevelopmentofsocietyandeconomy,thenumberofprivatecarsisincreasingatasurprisingspeed.Asweallknow,carsgiveoffpoisonousgassuchascarbondioxide,causingglobalwarming,frequentnaturaldisasters,diseasesandsoon.【高分句型一】Inordertoprotectourenvironment,itishightimethatweshouldgogreen.（活动目的）Firstly,weshouldraisepeople'sawarenessoftheimportanceofgoinggreen.Secondly,usingpublictransportationorridingbicyclesinsteadofusingcarscanmakeagreatdifferencetotheproblem.What'smore,weshouldtakefulladvantageofwater,electricity,paper,foodandsoon.Lastbutnotleast,itisagoodideatoclassifyrubbishandrecycleitinourdailylife.（你的建议）Pleaseremember,nomatterhowsmallthesethingsmaylook,yourcontributioncounts!【高分句型二】United,wecanmakeabigdifference!（发出倡议）TheStudents'Union【解析】【分析】【点评】【题型】书面表达【分值】1556．18.假定你是某中学学生会主席李华,你校即将举行主题为"Let'sgogreennow"的一项环保活动。请你代表学生会用英语写一封倡议书号召大家绿色低碳生活。内容包括：

（1）活动目的;

（2）你的建议;

（3）发出倡议。

注意：

（1）词数80词左右;

（2）可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。Boysandgirls,

TheStudentUnion57．书面表达Whenthenightfell,James,amiddleschoolstudentinLondon,draggedhistiredbodyhome.Inordertosavemoneytobuyhimselfanewbike,hehadbeenworkingatarestaurantforoveramonthduringthesummervacation.Hehadalreadyearnedsomemoney.Withonemoreweek,hewouldhavehisdreambike.Enteringtheroom,JamesfoundhisyoungerbrotherAdamsittingontheedgeofhisbedwithanuneasyexpressiononhisface.JamesstaredatAdamconfusedly."Sorry.Ididsomethingwrong,"Adamsaid,onthevergeoftears."What'sthematterwithyou?"Jamesasked."ThisafternoonIwenttoplayfootballontheroadoutsidethehouseandaccidentallyhitourneighborMr.Black'scar.IwassoscaredandIhurriedhomeinpanicwithouttellinghim,"Adamsaid,fullofguilt."Isthecarseriouslydamaged?"Jamescouldn'twaittocontinueasking."Theballhitthecarbackandthetaillightgotbroken,"Adamsaidinalowvoice."It'strulyyourfault.It'sreallydangeroustoplayfootballontheroad.What'sworse,youshouldn'thavecomebackwithouttellingMr.Blackaboutit.Youaresuchanaughtyboy,"Jamesraisedhisvoice.Hearingthis,Adamloweredhisheadandbithislipshard.Jamesadded,"Anyway,it'snevertoolatetomend.I'11takeyoutohishousetomorrowtoapologize.Nowit'stimetosleep."WhenAdamwentbed,Jamescouldn'tgotosleephimself.Fatheralwaystoldhimtobehonest,tobeaboyadmiredbythepeopleandtobeanexampleofhisbrother.Hewassorryforhisbrother'sbehavior.Heshouldn'thaveblamedhisbrotherafterhedidsomethingwrong.Buthecouldunderstandhim.Anyway,Adamwasonlyaboyofsevenandwhathadhappenedreallyscaredhim.Butashiselderbrother,heshouldpayforitthoughthismightdelayhisplanofhavingthebike."Nothingserious.Atworst,Icantakemoresummerjobs,"hesaidtohimself.注意：

1.续写词数应为150左右;

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Jamesgotupearlythenextmorning.Mr.Blackwasalittlesurprisedtoseethebrothers.

答案解析部分【答案】1．C2．B3．A【解析】【分析】这是一篇宣传广告。介绍了美国最好的儿童博物馆有一些孩子们想看的展品。【点评】考查阅读理解。涉及推理判断题，细节理解题。解答推理判断题要根据原文中的信息与选项信息结合起来进行正确推断，得出答案；解答细节理解题要完全符合原文，不能主观臆断。1．推理判断题。根据第二段Nowyou'reintheirworld,wherekidsdon'tjustlookatrealdinosaurskeletons（骨架）;theycandigforbonesinthesand.现在你进入了他们的世界，孩子们不仅仅是可以看真正的恐龙骨架，他们可以在沙子里挖掘恐龙骨头。可知选项Itmakeschildrenlearnthroughexperientialactivities.它让孩子们通过体验活动来学习。符合题意，故答案为C。2．推理判断题。根据最后一段Bringyourkidstothisgreatchildren'smuseum,andyou'llfeelasifyou'resteppingintoanotherworld!Kidtropolisisahugepretendcitywherekidsruntheshow.It'scompletewithitsowncityhall,bank,newscenter,vet'sofficeandothercommonworkplaces.Hereyounginventorscanalsocreatetheirowngadgets（小装置）intheInventionConvention.带你的孩子来这个伟大的儿童博物馆，你会觉得好像你走进了另一个世界!Kidtropolis是一个巨大的虚拟城市，由孩子们主导。它有自己的市政厅、银行、新闻中心、兽医办公室和其他常用的工作场所。在这里，年轻的发明家也可以在发明公约中创造他们自己的小玩意。可知选项Experiencedifferentjobs.体验不同的工作。符合题意，故答案为B。3．细节理解题。根据第二段Exhibitsareallabouthands-onlearning展品都是关于动手学习的。第三段Thiscentury-oldBostonhotspotgiveskidsexperiencesthatwillhelpthemlearnlifeskills.这个有着百年历史的波士顿热点为孩子们提供了帮助他们学习生活技能的经历。第四段ReadingAdventurelandisalsoahitforpretendplayandhelpsformaloveofbooks.Ifyou'reahistorylover,hittheNationalToyHallofFame.《冒险世界》也是一款很受欢迎的假装游戏，有助于培养对书的热爱。如果你是一个历史爱好者，去国家玩具名人堂看看吧。第五段Bringyourkidstothisgreatchildren'smuseum,andyou'llfeelasifyou'resteppingintoanotherworld!Kidtropolisisahugepretendcitywherekidsruntheshow.带你的孩子来这个伟大的儿童博物馆，你会觉得好像你走进了另一个世界!Kidtropolis是一个巨大的虚拟城市，由孩子们主导。可知选项Childrencanlearnbyplaying.符合题意，故答案为A。【答案】4．B5．A6．C7．D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在非洲医院做志愿服务时找到了自己一生都想从事的事业：医生。【点评】考查阅读理解。涉及推理判断题，细节理解题。解答推理判断题要根据原文中的信息与选项信息结合起来进行正确推断，得出答案；解答细节理解题要完全符合原文，不能主观臆断。4．细节理解题。根据第一段Ihadonemonthleftathighschool,andIwasinterestedinstudyingmedicineatuniversity.IthoughtitwastheperfectchancetogetsomepracticalexperienceandtoseeifIreallywantedtobeadoctor.我的高中还有一个月就要毕业了，我对在大学里学习医学很感兴趣。我认为这是一个获得一些实践经验的好机会，也可以看看我是否真的想成为一名医生。可知选项Tocheckifshetrulylovedmedicine.看看她是否真的热爱医学符合题意，故答案为Ｂ。5．细节理解题。根据第二段Iwashorrifiedathowpoorsomanyofthefamiliesoverthereareandhowdifficulttheirlivescanbe.ButIwasevenmoreamazedathowpositivelypeoplegoabouttheireverydaylivesinAfrica.那里有那么多家庭如此贫穷，他们的生活如此艰难，这让我感到震惊。但更让我惊讶的是，非洲人的日常生活是如此的积极。可知选项Thattheylivedanactivelife.他们过着积极的生活。符合题意，故答案为Ａ。6．推理判断题。根据第三段Isawsometrulyawfulthingsinthehospital,butnoneofthemchangedmymindaboutbeingadoctor.Infact,theyonlymadememoredeterminedtodomedicine.我在医院里看到了一些非常可怕的事情，但这些都没有改变我当医生的想法。事实上，他们只是让我更加坚定了做医学的决心。可知选项Idesiretobeadoctorinthefuture.我希望将来成为一名医生。符合题意，故答案为Ｃ。7．推理判断题。根据I第四段thasbeenagreatexperiencevolunteeringinAfrica.WhenIfinish,IknowexactlywhatI'mgoingtodo：IwanttoworkforaninternationalorganizationliketheRedCrossandspendmylifehelpingpeoplewhohaven'tbeenasluckyinlifeasme.Ican'twaittogetstarted.在非洲做志愿者是一次很棒的经历。当我完成志愿服务时，我很清楚自己要做什么:我想为红十字会这样的国际组织工作，用我的一生来帮助那些生活中没有我那么幸运的人。我等不及要开始了。可知作者没有其他目的，只是分享自己的经历而已；选项Toshareanamazingvolunteerexperienceshehad.符合题意，故答案为Ｄ。【答案】8．D9．A10．B11．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。讲述了法国人与美国人生活方式不同造成肥胖程度不一样。【点评】考查阅读理解。涉及推理判断题，细节理解题和主旨大意题。解答推理判断题要根据原文中的信息与选项信息结合起来进行正确推断，得出答案；解答细节理解题要完全符合原文，不能主观臆断；解答主旨大意题时需要根据文章的结构和选项来判断出正确答案。8．细节理解题。根据第一段AmericanstendtostopwhentheirplatesareemptyortheirfavoriteTVshowisover.美国人往往会在盘子空了或他们最喜欢的电视节目结束时停下来。可知美国人在饮食上没有节制，吃饱了好继续吃；选项Becausetheyfailtostopeatingeveniftheyarefull.符合题意，故答案为Ｄ。9．细节理解题。根据第二段theFrenchseeeatingasanimportantpartoftheirlifestyle.法国人认为饮食是他们生活方式的重要组成部分。以及whileAmericansseeeatingassomethingtobesqueezedbetweentheotherdailyactivities.而美国人认为吃饭是挤在其他日常活动之间的事情。可知选项Theyregardeatingasakeypartoftheirlifestyles.符合题意，故答案为Ａ。10．推理判断题。根据文章Americans……whiletheFrench……；theFren……whileAmerican……可知文章主要采用比较的方式来呈现观点；选项Bymakingcomparison.符合题意，故答案为Ｂ。11．主旨大意题。根据文章的结构：总分总，最后一段Inspiteofallthesedifferences,evidenceshowsthatrecentlifestylechangesmaybeaffectingFrencheatinghabits.Todaytherateofobesityamongadultsisonly6%.However,asAmericanfastfoodgainsacceptanceandtheyoungrejectoldertraditions,theobesityrateamongFrenchchildrenhasreached17%-andisgrowing.尽管存在所有这些差异，但有证据表明，最近生活方式的改变可能正在影响法国人的饮食习惯。如今，成年人的肥胖率只有6%。然而，随着美国快餐的普及和年轻人对传统的排斥，法国儿童的肥胖率已经达到17%，而且还在增长。可知法国人与美国人生活方式不同造成肥胖程度不一样这是这篇文章的主题；选项Lifestyleandobesity.符合题意，故答案为Ｂ。【答案】12．D13．A14．C15．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道。讲述了将食物垃圾转化为飞机燃料。【点评】考查阅读理解。涉及词义猜测题，细节理解题和主旨大意题。解答词义猜测题要根据原文中上下文的信息与选项信息结合起来进行正确推断，得出答案；解答细节理解题要完全符合原文，不能主观臆断；解答主旨大意题时需要根据文章的结构和选项来判断出正确答案。12．细节理解题。根据第二段Biomass（生物质）,suchasmanure（粪便）andfoodwaste,canbetransformedintobio-fuels,whicharerenewableliquidfuelsmadefromorganicmatter.生物质，如粪便和食物垃圾，可以转化为生物燃料，这是一种由有机物制成的可再生液体燃料。可知选项Biomass.符合题意，故答案为D。13．细节理解题。根据第三段Abattery-poweredplanewouldbetooheavytoflylongdistances。电池驱动的飞机太重了，无法进行长途飞行。可知选项Fuel-poweredplanesarelikelytotravellighterandfarther.符合题意，故答案为A。14．词义猜测题。根据tofindanaffordableandsustainablesolutiontothecarbon-intensiveprocessofairtravel.为碳密集的航空旅行过程找到一种经济实惠且可持续的解决方案。可知商业航空公司也正在做：Airlinesarelookingtohitaggressivesustainabilitygoalsby2050,includingdecreasingnetcarbondioxideemissionsby50%.航空公司希望到2050年实现积极的可持续发展目标，包括将二氧化碳净排放量减少50%。他们没有旁观而是真正参与了的，选项participatingin参加某个活动符合题意，故答案为C。15．主旨大意题。根据文章的结构：总分，第一段Commercialairlinesalonecontributearound3%oftotalglobalcarbonemissions.Buttheindustryisactivelylookingforgreensolutionsintheformofsustainablejetfuel,andinonecase,thatfuelmayhavehadapreviouslifeasyourhouseholdfoodwaste.InastudyreleasedthisweekintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,researchersdetailamethodoftransformingfoodwasteintosustainablejetfuelthatcanbeusedinexistingengines.仅商业航空公司的碳排放量就占全球总排放量的3%左右。但该行业正在积极寻找可持续航空燃料的绿色解决方案，在一种情况下，这种燃料以前可能是你的家庭食物垃圾。在本周发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》(ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences)上的一项研究中，研究人员详细介绍了一种将食物垃圾转化为可用于现有发动机的可持续航空燃料的方法可知选项ChangingFoodWasteintoAirplaneFuel符合题意，故答案为C。【答案】16．D；17．G；18．C；19．A；20．E【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。讲述我们的饮食应该多样化，且多种颜色。【点评】考查任务型阅读，属于七选五，解题关键在看懂文章，注意上下文的提示词或重复的关键词，认真阅读选项，选出恰当的答案，最后再通读全文进行检查。16．根据上文we'lloftenuseafood'shealthfulnesstohelpusmakeadecision.我们经常会用食物的健康来帮助我们做决定。以及下文It'swidelyacceptedbyresearchersthatweneedavarieddiet.研究人员普遍认为，我们需要多样化的饮食。可知选项D.Buthowdoweknowwe'regettingenoughnutrients?但是我们怎么知道我们摄入了足够的营养呢?符合题意，故答案为D。17．根据上文It'swidelyacceptedbyresearchersthatweneedavar