英语词汇学教程（第四版）课件：Formation

WordFormationTask11. Fillintheblankswith%ofnewwords accordingtoAlgeoandAlgeo1991: compounding [

] affixation [] shifting(conversion) [] shortening [] blending []4.

WordFormation

compounding [40%]affixation [28%]shifting(conversion) [17%]shortening [8%]blending [5%]4.

WordFormation2. Whatarethethreeimportantmeansof wordformation?compounding

40%affixation

28%

shifting(conversion) 17%shortening

8%

blending

5%

important4.

1AffixationWhatisaffixation?theprocessofmakingnewwordsbycombiningaffixes+basesaffixes+bases

newwordsaffixes

prefix+suffix4.

1Affixation

prefixation(prefix+base)affixation

suffixation(base+suffix)Prefixation:Processofmakingnewwordsbycombiningprefixes+bases4.

1AffixationWhatarethecharacteristicsofprefixes?p60

Prefixesdonotchangepartofspeech.

Prefixesmodifymeaning.PrefixationHowtoclassifyprefixes?p60Prefixesareclassifiedaccordingtomeaning.9classesofprefixes

1.

Negativeprefixes:5

a-,dis-in-(il-l,ir-r,im-m/p/b),non-,un-

无,非,不,没

amoral

≠

immoral

inability

≠ disabilitydisinterested(公正无私)≠ uninterestedillogicalbutdisloyalPrefixation2.

Reversative逆反prefixes:3

de-,dis-,un-=reversetheaction

disunite

unwrap

decentralize

Prefixation3.Pejorativeprefixes:3

mal-,mis-,pseudo-=bad,badly,wrong, false

maltreatment 虐待

misusepseudo-sciencePrefixation4.Prefixesofdegreeorsize:15arch-≈hyper-≈ultra-≈super-≈extra-

极，非常，超，特别Prefixation4.Prefixesofdegreeorsize:15macro-↔micro-/mini:macrocosm, microcosm,mini-cenemaunder-

↔

over-: underestimate overestimatesuper-

↔

sub-:superstructure,

sub-cultureout-=sur-:outlive,surpassPrefixation5.Prefixesoforientationand attitude:4

anti-,contra-,counter-,pro-

anti-:

anti-violence

counter-: counter-violence

contra-:

contra-flow

pro-: pro-democraticPrefixation6.Locativeprefixes:6extra-,fore-,inter-,intra-,tele-,trans-extra- =outside: extra-curriculumfore- =front: foreheadinter- =between:intermarriageintra- =within: intralingualtele- =far : telequiz

trans- =over,across:trans-Atlantic

Prefixation7.

Prefixesoftimeandorder:4

ex-,post-,pre-,re-

pre-,post-:pre-war(adj),post-quake(adj)ex-:ex-presidentre-:reorganize

Prefixation8.Numberprefixes:8

uni-(mono-): unicycle

bi-(di-): bicycletri-: tricycle

semi-(hemi-): hemispheremulti-(poly-): multi-nationalpolysemyPrefixation9.

Conversionprefixes:4

a-:asleep,alivebe-:befriend(vt)en-(em-):embody,empowerothers(seep65)Prefixation10.

Miscellaneous杂类prefixes:4

auto-自:auto-biographyneo-新:neo-classicismpan-泛:pan-Americavice-副:vice-chairpersonNewprefixesPrefixationNewlycreatedprefixese-:electronic

e-mail,e-book,e-dictionary,e-novel, e-era,e-game,e-classroom,e-campusPrefixationinfo-:information

infonet(信息网络)

infowar(信息战)

infopackage(信息包)

infoport(信息港)

infonaut(信息用户)

info-highway(信息高速公路)Prefixation

eco-:(from‘ecology’)

ecosphere

生态圈

ecotourism

生态旅游

ecoprotection生态保护Prefixationagri-(from‘agriculture’):

agri-foods农业食品

agri-business

农业综合经营

agri-tourism

农业旅游Prefixationdocu-(from‘document’):

docu-express

文献快车

docudrama

电视记录片

docufiction

纪实小说

docunet

文献网络SuffixationSuffixationDefinition:Processofmakingnewwordsbycombiningsuffixes+basis.Characteristicsofsuffix:Suffixeschangepartofspeech.Classification(partofspeech)Suffixation1.Nounsuffixes1)De-nominalnouns=changingnouns intonewnouns-er,-ess,-ette,-let,-eer,-stermanager,manageresscigarette, booklet,profiteer,gangster,tricksterSuffixation-age,-dom,-ery(-ry),-ful,-hood,-ing,-ism,-shipwastage,officialdom,slavery,mouthful,adulthood,farming,terrorism,sportsmanshipabstractnouns

Suffixation2)Deverbalnouns=changingverbsintoNConcrete:-ant,-ent,-er(-or),

-ee(opposite)

informant,respondent,trainer,traineeAbstract:-age,-al,-ance,-ation(-ition, -tion,-sion,-ion),-ence,-ing,-mentmarriage,dismissal,attendance,protection,decision,existence,building,judgement

Suffixation3)De-adjectivenouns:-ity,-ness

-ve:

productivity,sensitivity-r:

popularity,familiarity

-al:

morality,generality-able/-ible:

ability,possible

Suffixation4)Nounandadjectivesuffixes=making newnounsandadjectives-ese,-an,-ist,

Chinese;Australian,socialist

Suffixation2Adjectivesuffixes1)De-nominalsuffixes=changingNintoadj

-ed,-ful,-less,-ish,-like,-ly,

-y,learned-ly:(to)father,mother,brother,sister-y:(to)cream,hill,hair,wind,winter,sand, `æi-ish-like-lySuffixationCompare:

red↔reddish,yellow-yellowish-esque:picturesque-ous(-eous,-ious):marvelous,courageousSuffixation-ic -ical

classic

经典的

classical

古典的comic

喜剧性的

comical

滑稽的historic

历史性的

historical

历史上的economic

经济上的

economical

节俭的electric

电动的

electrical

与电有关Suffixation2)Deverbalsuffix-ative,-ive,-sive,-able(-ible)talkative,active,decisive

Suffixation

Changeinwords:-able(-ible): wash→washable

comfort→comfortable

value→valuable

permit→permissibleSuffixationUnusualchanges:educate→educable operate→operabledemonstrate→demonstrableSuffixation3.Adverbsuffixes:-ly,-ward(s),-wise-ward(s):

in,out,up,down,back,fore,side,sky, earth,east,west,north,south-wise:

budget,time,money,security,economy, life,weather

Suffixation4.Verbsuffixes

-ate,-en,-(i)