英语国际经济贸易词汇专项训练题

综合试卷第=PAGE1*2-11页（共=NUMPAGES1*22页） 综合试卷第=PAGE1*22页（共=NUMPAGES1*22页）PAGE①姓名所在地区姓名所在地区身份证号密封线1.请首先在试卷的标封处填写您的姓名，身份证号和所在地区名称。2.请仔细阅读各种题目的回答要求，在规定的位置填写您的答案。3.不要在试卷上乱涂乱画，不要在标封区内填写无关内容。一、WordDefinition1.Import

Question:Whatisthetermforthegoodsandservicesbroughtintoacountryfromabroad?

Answer:Import

Explanation:Theterm"import"referstothegoodsandservicesthatarepurchasedfromforeigncountriesandbroughtintoadomesticcountryforsaleoruse.

2.Export

Question:Whatisthetermforthegoodsandservicessoldtoforeigncountriesadomesticcountry?

Answer:Export

Explanation:"Export"isthetermusedtodescribethegoodsandservicesproducedinonecountryandsoldtobuyersinothercountries.

3.Tradebalance

Question:Whatistheeconomicmeasurethatparesacountry'stotalexportstoitstotalimports?

Answer:Tradebalance

Explanation:Thetradebalanceisthedifferencebetweenthevalueofacountry'sexportsandthevalueofitsimports.

4.Tradebarrier

Question:Whatisageneraltermforanymeasureusedagovernmenttorestrictforeigntrade?

Answer:Tradebarrier

Explanation:Atradebarrierisanypolicyorregulationthatmakesitmoredifficultorexpensiveforforeigngoodstoenteradomesticmarket.

5.Marketaccess

Question:Whatisthetermfortheconditionsunderwhichforeigngoodscanenteradomesticmarket?

Answer:Marketaccess

Explanation:Marketaccessreferstotheeasewithwhichforeigngoodscanbeimportedintoacountry'smarket.

6.Tariff

Question:Whatisataximposedonimportedgoods?

Answer:Tariff

Explanation:Atariffisataxongoodsthatareimportedintoacountry,whichcanincreasethepriceofthosegoods.

7.Quota

Question:Whatisalimitplacedontheamountofaparticulargoodthatcanbeimportedintoacountry?

Answer:Quota

Explanation:Aquotaisagovernmentimposedlimitonthequantityofaparticulargoodthatcanbeimportedintoacountry.

8.Customsunion

Question:Whatisanagreementbetweentwoormorecountriestoreduceoreliminatetradebarriersbetweenthem?

Answer:Customsunion

Explanation:Acustomsunionisanagreementamongcountriestoreduceoreliminatetradebarriersandestablishamonexternaltariffagainstnonmembercountries.

9.Freetradearea

Question:Whatisanagreementbetweencountriestoeliminatetradebarriersbetweenthem?

Answer:Freetradearea

Explanation:Afreetradeareaisaregionwheremembercountrieshaveagreedtoeliminatetariffsandothertradebarriersamongthemselves.

10.Customsunion

Question:Whatisthetermforanagreementamongcountriestoreduceoreliminatetradebarriersbetweenthem?

Answer:Customsunion

Explanation:Thisisarepetitionofthepreviousquestionandanswerpair.

11.Tradedeficit

Question:Whatisthetermforasituationwhereacountry'simportsexceeditsexports?

Answer:Tradedeficit

Explanation:Atradedeficitoccurswhenacountry'simportsofgoodsandservicesaregreaterthanitsexports.

12.Tradesurplus

Question:Whatisthetermforasituationwhereacountry'sexportsexceeditsimports?

Answer:Tradesurplus

Explanation:Atradesurplusisapositivebalanceoftrade,wherethevalueofexportsisgreaterthanthevalueofimports.

13.Tradeagreement

Question:Whatisaformalcontractbetweencountriesthatsetsoutthetermsoftradebetweenthem?

Answer:Tradeagreement

Explanation:Atradeagreementisalegallybindingcontractbetweentwoormorecountriesthatgovernsthetermsoftradebetweenthem.

14.Tradewar

Question:Whatisasituationwheretwoormorecountriesengageinaseriesofretaliatorytariffsandtradebarriers?

Answer:Tradewar

Explanation:Atradewarisaneconomicconflictbetweentwoormorecountriescharacterizedtheimpositionofretaliatorytariffsandtradebarriers.

15.Tradepolicy

Question:Whatisthetermforthesetofrulesandregulationsthatagovernmentusestocontrolitstradewithothercountries?

Answer:Tradepolicy

Explanation:Tradepolicyreferstotherulesandregulationsthatagovernmentimplementstocontrolandmanageitsinternationaltrade.

16.WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)

Question:Whatistheinternationalorganizationresponsibleforregulatingandfacilitatinginternationaltrade?

Answer:WorldTradeOrganization(WTO)

Explanation:TheWTOisanintergovernmentalorganizationthatdealswiththeglobalrulesoftradebetweennations.

17.Bilateraltrade

Question:Whatisthetermfortradebetweentwocountries?

Answer:Bilateraltrade

Explanation:Bilateraltradereferstotheexchangeofgoodsandservicesbetweentwocountries.

18.Multilateraltrade

Question:Whatisthetermfortradeinvolvingmorethantwocountries?

Answer:Multilateraltrade

Explanation:Multilateraltradeinvolvestheexchangeofgoodsandservicesamongthreeormorecountries.二、FillintheBlanks1.Thebarriersbetweentwocountriescanbeinfluencedtariffsandquotas.

2.A(n)organizationsuchastheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)isaninternationalorganizationthataimstopromotefreetrade.

3.Whenthevalueofexportsisgreaterthanthevalueofimports,itisknownasatradesurplus.

4.Thetariffofaproductisthedutyimposedonimportedgoods.

5.A(n)tradeagreementisanagreementbetweentwoormorecountriestoreducetradebarriers.

6.Thevolumeofacountry'stradewithanothercountryiscalledtradebalance.

7.Theexchangeofgoodsbetweencountriesisessentialforeconomicgrowth.

8.A(n)importquotaisaneconomicpolicythatlimitsthequantityofagoodthatcanbeimported.

答案及解题思路：

1.答案：barriers

解题思路：根据题意，两国间的贸易通常受到各种贸易壁垒的影响，如关税和配额等。因此，此处应填“barriers”。

2.答案：organization

解题思路：题目要求填写一个旨在促进自由贸易的国际组织名称。世界贸易组织（WTO）是这样一个组织，但根据要求不填写具体名称，只需填写一般性名词“organization”。

3.答案：tradesurplus

解题思路：当一个国家的出口额超过其进口额时，这种情况被称为贸易顺差，即贸易盈余。因此，此处应填“tradesurplus”。

4.答案：tariff

解题思路：题目询问的是对进口商品征收的税项。关税（tariff）是一种对进口商品征收的税收，因此此处应填“tariff”。

5.答案：tradeagreement

解题思路：为了减少贸易壁垒，国家之间通常会签订贸易协定。此处应填“tradeagreement”。

6.答案：volume;tradebalance

解题思路：一国与另一国的贸易量是指两国间商品和服务交换的总量，而贸易平衡是指在一定时期内一国的出口总额与进口总额之间的比较。因此，此处应填写“volume”和“tradebalance”。

7.答案：exchange

解题思路：题目强调的是国家间商品交换的重要性，即“exchange”。

8.答案：importquota

解题思路：进口配额（importquota）是一种限制进口商品数量的经济政策，因此此处应填“importquota”。三、TrueorFalse1.Anexportisagoodproducedinonecountryandsoldtoanother.

Answer:True

Explanation:Anexportreferstogoodsorservicesproducedinonecountryandsoldtoanothercountry,whichisafundamentalconceptininternationaltrade.

2.Atradedeficitoccurswhenacountry'simportsaregreaterthanitsexports.

Answer:True

Explanation:Atradedeficitisasituationwherethevalueofacountry'simportsexceedsthevalueofitsexports,indicatinganetoutflowofforeigncurrency.

3.Tariffsaretaxesimposedonimportedgoodstoprotectdomesticindustries.

Answer:True

Explanation:Tariffsareindeedtaxesleviedonimportedgoods,andtheyareoftenusedasapolicytooltoprotectdomesticindustriesfromforeignpetition.

4.Acustomsunionisagroupofcountriesthathaveagreedtoeliminatetradebarriersbetweenthem.

Answer:True

Explanation:Acustomsunionisanagreementbetweenmultiplecountriestoremovetariffsandtradebarriersamongthemselves,andoftentoadoptamonexternaltariffonimportsfromnonmembercountries.

5.TheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)isresponsibleforsettingglobaltraderules.

Answer:True

Explanation:TheWTOisaninternationalorganizationthatdealswiththeglobalrulesoftradebetweennations,aimingtocreateamoreopen,fair,andpredictabletradingenvironment.

6.Aquotaisalimitontheamountofagoodthatcanbeimportedintoacountry.

Answer:True

Explanation:Aquotaisatypeoftraderestrictionthatsetsamaximumlimitonthequantityofagoodthatcanbeimportedintoacountry,usuallytoprotectdomesticindustriesortomanagebalanceofpayments.

7.Atradeagreementisanagreementbetweentwoormorecountriestoreducetradebarriers.

Answer:True

Explanation:Atradeagreementisapactbetweentwoormorecountriestoreduceoreliminatetradebarrierssuchastariffs,quotas,andsubsidies,therefosteringeconomiccooperation.

8.Bilateraltradeistheexchangeofgoodsandservicesbetweentwocountries.

Answer:True

Explanation:Bilateraltradespecificallyreferstotheexchangeofgoodsandservicesbetweenjusttwocountries,asopposedtomultilateraltrade,whichinvolvesthreeormorecountries.四、Matching1.Tradedeficit

(A)Asituationwhereacountry'simportsexceeditsexports.

(B)Aformoftradebarrierthatimposestaxesonimportedgoods.

(C)Theeaseordifficultyacountry'sbusinessesfaceinaccessingforeignmarkets.

(D)Acustomsunionthateliminatestradebarriersbetweenmemberstates.

(E)Anagreementbetweentwoormorecountriestoreduceoreliminatetradebarriers.

(F)Atraderelationshipinvolvingtwocountries.

(G)Atraderelationshipinvolvingmultiplecountries.

(H)Atradeblocthathasacustomsunionandfreetradeareafeatures.

2.Tariff

(A)Asituationwhereacountry'simportsexceeditsexports.

(B)Aformoftradebarrierthatimposestaxesonimportedgoods.

(C)Theeaseordifficultyacountry'sbusinessesfaceinaccessingforeignmarkets.

(D)Acustomsunionthateliminatestradebarriersbetweenmemberstates.

(E)Anagreementbetweentwoormorecountriestoreduceoreliminatetradebarriers.

(F)Atraderelationshipinvolvingtwocountries.

(G)Atraderelationshipinvolvingmultiplecountries.

(H)Atradeblocthathasacustomsunionandfreetradeareafeatures.

3.Marketaccess

(A)Asituationwhereacountry'simportsexceeditsexports.

(B)Aformoftradebarrierthatimposestaxesonimportedgoods.

(C)Theeaseordifficultyacountry'sbusinessesfaceinaccessingforeignmarkets.

(D)Acustomsunionthateliminatestradebarriersbetweenmemberstates.

(E)Anagreementbetweentwoormorecountriestoreduceoreliminatetradebarriers.

(F)Atraderelationshipinvolvingtwocountries.

(G)Atraderelationshipinvolvingmultiplecountries.

(H)Atradeblocthathasacustomsunionandfreetradeareafeatures.

4.Customsunion

(A)Asituationwhereacountry'simportsexceeditsexports.

(B)Aformoftradebarrierthatimposestaxesonimportedgoods.

(C)Theeaseordifficultyacountry'sbusinessesfaceinaccessingforeignmarkets.

(D)Acustomsunionthateliminatestradebarriersbetweenmemberstates.

(E)Anagreementbetweentwoormorecountriestoreduceoreliminatetradebarriers.

(F)Atraderelationshipinvolvingtwocountries.

(G)Atraderelationshipinvolvingmultiplecountries.

(H)Atradeblocthathasacustomsunionandfreetradeareafeatures.

5.Freetradearea

(A)Asituationwhereacountry'simportsexceeditsexports.

(B)Aformoftradebarrierthatimposestaxesonimportedgoods.

(C)Theeaseordifficultyacountry'sbusinessesfaceinaccessingforeignmarkets.

(D)Acustomsunionthateliminatestradebarriersbetweenmemberstates.

(E)Anagreementbetweentwoormorecountriestoreduceoreliminatetradebarriers.

(F)Atraderelationshipinvolvingtwocountries.

(G)Atraderelationshipinvolvingmultiplecountries.

(H)Atradeblocthathasacustomsunionandfreetradeareafeatures.

6.Tradeagreement

(A)Asituationwhereacountry'simportsexceeditsexports.

(B)Aformoftradebarrierthatimposestaxesonimportedgoods.

(C)Theeaseordifficultyacountry'sbusinessesfaceinaccessingforeignmarkets.

(D)Acustomsunionthateliminatestradebarriersbetweenmemberstates.

(E)Anagreementbetweentwoormorecountriestoreduceoreliminatetradebarriers.

(F)Atraderelationshipinvolvingtwocountries.

(G)Atraderelationshipinvolvingmultiplecountries.

(H)Atradeblocthathasacustomsunionandfreetradeareafeatures.

7.Bilateraltrade

(A)Asituationwhereacountry'simportsexceeditsexports.

(B)Aformoftradebarrierthatimposestaxesonimportedgoods.

(C)Theeaseordifficultyacountry'sbusinessesfaceinaccessingforeignmarkets.

(D)Acustomsunionthateliminatestradebarriersbetweenmemberstates.

(E)Anagreementbetweentwoormorecountriestoreduceoreliminatetradebarriers.

(F)Atraderelationshipinvolvingtwocountries.

(G)Atraderelationshipinvolvingmultiplecountries.

(H)Atradeblocthathasacustomsunionandfreetradeareafeatures.

8.Multilateraltrade

(A)Asituationwhereacountry'simportsexceeditsexports.

(B)Aformoftradebarrierthatimposestaxesonimportedgoods.

(C)Theeaseordifficultyacountry'sbusinessesfaceinaccessingforeignmarkets.

(D)Acustomsunionthateliminatestradebarriersbetweenmemberstates.

(E)Anagreementbetweentwoormorecountriestoreduceoreliminatetradebarriers.

(F)Atraderelationshipinvolvingtwocountries.

(G)Atraderelationshipinvolvingmultiplecountries.

(H)Atradeblocthathasacustomsunionandfreetradeareafeatures.

答案及解题思路：

答案：

1.A

2.B

3.C

4.D

5.E

6.F

7.G

8.H

解题思路：

仔细阅读每个选项的定义，并与题干中的术语进行匹配。

确定每个术语最符合的定义，并选择相应的选项。

例如"Tradedeficit"的定义是“一个国家的进口超过其出口的情况”，因此与选项(A)匹配。同样地，"Tariff"的定义是“对进口商品征收的税”，与选项(B)匹配。

对于每个术语，根据其定义选择最合适的选项。五、MultipleChoice1.Whichofthefollowingisatradebarrier?

a)Tariff

b)Subsidy

c)Importquota

d)Noneoftheabove

2.ThemaingoaloftheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)isto:

a)Eliminatealltradebarriers

b)Promotefairtradepractices

c)Regulateglobaltrade

d)Noneoftheabove

3.Whenthevalueofexportsisgreaterthanthevalueofimports,itisknownas:

a)Tradesurplus

b)Tradedeficit

c)Tradewar

d)Noneoftheabove

4.WhichofthefollowingcountriesisnotpartoftheEuropeanUnion(EU)?

a)Germany

b)UnitedKingdom

c)UnitedStates

d)Noneoftheabove

5.Themostmonformoftradeagreementis:

a)Bilateraltradeagreement

b)Multilateraltradeagreement

c)Customsunion

d)Noneoftheabove

答案及解题思路：

1.a)Tariff

解题思路：Tradebarriersarerestrictionsplacedontheimportsorexportsofgoodsandservices.Tariffs,whicharetaxesonimportedgoods,areamontradebarrier.Subsidiesandimportquotasarealsoformsoftradebarriers,buttheyarenottypicallycategorizedasbarriersinthesamewayastariffs.

2.b)Promotefairtradepractices

解题思路：TheprimaryobjectiveoftheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)istopromoteandfacilitatetradeonalevelplayingfieldensuringthatallcountriesadheretothesamerulesandregulations,therepromotingfairtradepractices.

3.a)Tradesurplus

解题思路：Atradesurplusoccurswhenacountry'sexportsexceeditsimports,leadingtoanetpositivebalanceoftrade.Atradedeficitistheopposite,whereimportsexceedexports.

4.c)UnitedStates

解题思路:TheEuropeanUnion(EU)isapoliticalandeconomicunionof27memberstatesthatarelocatedprimarilyinEurope.GermanyandtheUnitedKingdomarebothmembersoftheEU,whiletheUnitedStatesisnotpartoftheEU.

5.b)Multilateraltradeagreement

解题思路:Multilateraltradeagreementsinvolvemultiplecountries.Bilateraltradeagreementsinvolveonlytwocountries,andacustomsunionisaspecifictypeofregionaltradeagreementwheremembercountriesagreetoeliminatetariffsamongthemselvesandtreatnonmembercountriesasasingleentityfortradepurposes.Multilateraltradeagreementsarethemostmonbecausetheyinvolvemorepartiesandcanpotentiallyprovidebroadereconomicbenefits.六、EssayQuestions1.Explainthedifferencebetweenatariffandaquota.

Tariffsandquotasarebothtradebarriersusedgovernmentstoprotectdomesticindustriesandregulateinternationaltrade,buttheyoperateindifferentwaysandhavedifferentimpactsonthemarket.

Tariffsaretaxesimposedonimportedgoods,increasingtheirpriceinthedomesticmarket.Theyaretypicallyusedtogeneraterevenueforthegovernmentandtomakeforeigngoodslesspetitiveparedtodomesticproducts.

Quotas,ontheotherhand,arerestrictionsonthequantityofgoodsthatcanbeimportedintoacountry.Theydirectlylimittheamountofforeigngoodsavailableinthedomesticmarket,potentiallyleadingtohigherpricesandreducedsupply.

Whiletariffsareusuallyapercentageoftheimportvalue,quotasarefixednumbersoramounts.Tariffsaremoretransparentandcanbeadjustedovertime,whereasquotasareoftenmorerigidandcancreateshortages.

2.Discusstheimpactofglobalizationoninternationaltrade.

Globalizationhassignificantlyimpactedinternationaltrade,leadingtobothopportunitiesandchallenges.

Positiveimpactsincludeincreasedmarketaccess,greaterefficiencythroughspecialization,andthespreadoftechnologyandknowledge.

Negativeimpactsmightincludejobdisplacementincertainsectors,increasedineinequality,andthepotentialforenvironmentaldegradationduetothepursuitofeconomicgrowthatanycost.

Thebalancebetweentheseimpactscanvarygreatlyamongcountriesandregions,withsomebenefitingmorethanothers.

3.Whatarethebenefitsanddrawbacksofjoiningacustomsunion?

Acustomsunionisanagreementbetweenmultiplecountriestoremoveinternaltradebarriersandapplyamonexternaltariffonimportsfromoutsidetheunion.

Benefitsincludethecreationofalargersinglemarket,increasedefficiencythroughreducedcustomschecks,andthepotentialforeconomiesofscale.

Drawbacksincludethelossofautonomyinsettingtradepolicies,potentialinefficienciesinmanagingamonexternaltariff,andthepotentialfortradediversion,wheretradeshiftsfromthemostefficientsourcetoamemberoftheunionduetolowertariffs.

4.AnalyzetheroleoftheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)inpromotinginternationaltrade.

TheWTOplaysacrucialroleinpromotinginternationaltradethroughitsagreementsanddisputeresolutionmechanisms.

Itestablishesandenforcesrulesthatpromotefreeandfairtrade,includingreducingtariffs,eliminatingquotas,andensuringtransparencyintradepractices.

TheWTOprovidesaplatformfornegotiationanddisputeresolution,whichhelpstoresolvetradeconflictsandmaintainastableinternationaltradingsystem.

Italsoofferstechnicalassistanceandtrainingtodevelopingcountriestohelpthemintegrateintotheglobaltradingsystem.

5.Explainhowtradepoliciescanaffectacountry'seconomicgrowth.

Tradepoliciescansignificantlyinfluenceacountry'seconomicgrowth,dependingontheirnatureandimplementation.

Protectionistpolicies,suchastariffsandquotas,canshielddomesticindustriesfromforeignpetition,allowingthemtogrowandpotentiallyleadtoeconomicdevelopment.

However,thesepoliciescanalsoleadtoinefficiencies,higherpricesforconsumers,andreducedpetition,whichcanultimatelyhindereconomicgrowth.

Freetradepolicies,ontheotherhand,canfostereconomicgrowthpromotingefficiency,innovation,andaccesstolargermarkets.

Theimpactoftradepoliciesoneconomicgrowthisplexanddependsonvariousfactors,includingthecountry'seconomicstructure,thepetitivenessofitsindustries,andthebalancebetweenshorttermprotectionandlongtermgrowth.七、CaseStudies1.CaseStudy:TheNorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement(NAFTA)

a.WhatweretheprimaryobjectivesofNAFTAwhenitwasestablishedin1994?

b.DiscusstheimpactofNAFTAontheeconomicrelationsbetweentheUnitedStates,Canada,andMexico.

c.IdentifyatleasttwochallengesthatNAFTAfacedandexplainhowthesechallengesaffectedtheagreement.

2.CaseStudy:TheTransPacificPartnership(TPP)

a.ListthecountriesthatwereoriginallypartoftheTransPacificPartnership.

b.WhatwerethekeyfeaturesoftheTPPthatsetitapartfromothertradeagreements?

c.ExplainthereasonsbehindtheUnitedStates'withdrawalfromtheTPPanditsimplicationsfortheagreement.

3.CaseStudy:TheEuropeanUnion(EU)

a.DescribetheprocessofformingtheEuropeanUnionanditsprimarygoals.

b.DiscusstheimpactoftheEUontheeconomiesofitsmemberstates.

c.IdentifyasignificanteconomicpolicyorinitiativeimplementedtheEUandanalyzeitseffectiveness.

4.CaseStudy:TheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO)

a.ExplaintheroleoftheWTOininternationaltradeanditsstructure.

b.DiscusstheWTO'sDisputeSettlementMechanismanditsimportanceinresolvingtradedisputes.

c.ProvideanexampleofamajortradedisputethatwasresolvedthroughtheWTO'smechanisms.

5.CaseStudy:TheUnitedStatesChinaTradeWar

a.DescribethemainissuesthatledtotheinitiationoftheU.S.Chinatradewar.

b.DiscusstheimpactofthetradewaronboththeU.S.andChineseeconomies.

c.Identifytheoutesofthetra